pkg/metrics/mem: remove redundant map write-backs and optimize proxy lookup

Remove 4 redundant pointer map write-backs in OpenConnection,
CloseConnection, AddTrafficIn, and AddTrafficOut since the map stores
pointers and mutations are already visible without reassignment.

Optimize GetProxiesByTypeAndName from O(n) full map scan to O(1) direct
map lookup by proxy name.

.golangci.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ linters:
   - lll
   - makezero
   - misspell
+  - modernize
   - prealloc
   - predeclared
   - revive
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ linters:
       ignore-rules:
       - cancelled
       - marshalled
+    modernize:
+      disable:
+      - omitzero
     unparam:
       check-exported: false
   exclusions:

client/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package proxy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
@@ -122,6 +123,33 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) Close() {
 	}
 }
 
+// wrapWorkConn applies rate limiting, encryption, and compression
+// to a work connection based on the proxy's transport configuration.
+// The returned recycle function should be called when the stream is no longer in use
+// to return compression resources to the pool. It is safe to not call recycle,
+// in which case resources will be garbage collected normally.
+func (pxy *BaseProxy) wrapWorkConn(conn net.Conn, encKey []byte) (io.ReadWriteCloser, func(), error) {
+	var rwc io.ReadWriteCloser = conn
+	if pxy.limiter != nil {
+		rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(conn, pxy.limiter), limit.NewWriter(conn, pxy.limiter), func() error {
+			return conn.Close()
+		})
+	}
+	if pxy.baseCfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
+		var err error
+		rwc, err = libio.WithEncryption(rwc, encKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			conn.Close()
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	var recycleFn func()
+	if pxy.baseCfg.Transport.UseCompression {
+		rwc, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(rwc)
+	}
+	return rwc, recycleFn, nil
+}
+
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) SetInWorkConnCallback(cb func(*v1.ProxyBaseConfig, net.Conn, *msg.StartWorkConn) bool) {
 	pxy.inWorkConnCallback = cb
 }
@@ -139,30 +167,14 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) HandleTCPWorkConnection(workConn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWorkConn, encKey []byte) {
 	xl := pxy.xl
 	baseCfg := pxy.baseCfg
-	var (
-		remote io.ReadWriteCloser
-		err    error
-	)
-	remote = workConn
-	if pxy.limiter != nil {
-		remote = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(workConn, pxy.limiter), limit.NewWriter(workConn, pxy.limiter), func() error {
-			return workConn.Close()
-		})
-	}
 
 	xl.Tracef("handle tcp work connection, useEncryption: %t, useCompression: %t",
 		baseCfg.Transport.UseEncryption, baseCfg.Transport.UseCompression)
-	if baseCfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		remote, err = libio.WithEncryption(remote, encKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			workConn.Close()
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	var compressionResourceRecycleFn func()
-	if baseCfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		remote, compressionResourceRecycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(remote)
+
+	remote, recycleFn, err := pxy.wrapWorkConn(workConn, encKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("wrap work connection: %v", err)
+		return
 	}
 
 	// check if we need to send proxy protocol info
@@ -178,7 +190,6 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) HandleTCPWorkConnection(workConn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWor
 	}
 
 	if baseCfg.Transport.ProxyProtocolVersion != "" && m.SrcAddr != "" && m.SrcPort != 0 {
-		// Use the common proxy protocol builder function
 		header := netpkg.BuildProxyProtocolHeaderStruct(connInfo.SrcAddr, connInfo.DstAddr, baseCfg.Transport.ProxyProtocolVersion)
 		connInfo.ProxyProtocolHeader = header
 	}
@@ -187,12 +198,18 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) HandleTCPWorkConnection(workConn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWor
 
 	if pxy.proxyPlugin != nil {
 		// if plugin is set, let plugin handle connection first
+		// Don't recycle compression resources here because plugins may
+		// retain the connection after Handle returns.
 		xl.Debugf("handle by plugin: %s", pxy.proxyPlugin.Name())
 		pxy.proxyPlugin.Handle(pxy.ctx, &connInfo)
 		xl.Debugf("handle by plugin finished")
 		return
 	}
 
+	if recycleFn != nil {
+		defer recycleFn()
+	}
+
 	localConn, err := libnet.Dial(
 		net.JoinHostPort(baseCfg.LocalIP, strconv.Itoa(baseCfg.LocalPort)),
 		libnet.WithTimeout(10*time.Second),
@@ -220,7 +237,4 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) HandleTCPWorkConnection(workConn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWor
 	if len(errs) > 0 {
 		xl.Tracef("join connections errors: %v", errs)
 	}
-	if compressionResourceRecycleFn != nil {
-		compressionResourceRecycleFn()
-	}
 }

client/proxy/sudp.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
@@ -25,17 +24,15 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/errors"
-	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/udp"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/limit"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.SUDPProxyConfig{}), NewSUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.SUDPProxyConfig](), NewSUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type SUDPProxy struct {
@@ -83,27 +80,13 @@ func (pxy *SUDPProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 	xl := pxy.xl
 	xl.Infof("incoming a new work connection for sudp proxy, %s", conn.RemoteAddr().String())
 
-	var rwc io.ReadWriteCloser = conn
-	var err error
-	if pxy.limiter != nil {
-		rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(conn, pxy.limiter), limit.NewWriter(conn, pxy.limiter), func() error {
-			return conn.Close()
-		})
+	remote, _, err := pxy.wrapWorkConn(conn, pxy.encryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("wrap work connection: %v", err)
+		return
 	}
-	if pxy.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		rwc, err = libio.WithEncryption(rwc, pxy.encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	if pxy.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		rwc = libio.WithCompression(rwc)
-	}
-	conn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, conn)
 
-	workConn := conn
+	workConn := netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, conn)
 	readCh := make(chan *msg.UDPPacket, 1024)
 	sendCh := make(chan msg.Message, 1024)
 	isClose := false

client/proxy/udp.go

@@ -17,24 +17,21 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/errors"
-	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/udp"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/limit"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.UDPProxyConfig{}), NewUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.UDPProxyConfig](), NewUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type UDPProxy struct {
@@ -94,28 +91,14 @@ func (pxy *UDPProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 	// close resources related with old workConn
 	pxy.Close()
 
-	var rwc io.ReadWriteCloser = conn
-	var err error
-	if pxy.limiter != nil {
-		rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(conn, pxy.limiter), limit.NewWriter(conn, pxy.limiter), func() error {
-			return conn.Close()
-		})
+	remote, _, err := pxy.wrapWorkConn(conn, pxy.encryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("wrap work connection: %v", err)
+		return
 	}
-	if pxy.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		rwc, err = libio.WithEncryption(rwc, pxy.encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	if pxy.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		rwc = libio.WithCompression(rwc)
-	}
-	conn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, conn)
 
 	pxy.mu.Lock()
-	pxy.workConn = conn
+	pxy.workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, conn)
 	pxy.readCh = make(chan *msg.UDPPacket, 1024)
 	pxy.sendCh = make(chan msg.Message, 1024)
 	pxy.closed = false

client/proxy/xtcp.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.XTCPProxyConfig{}), NewXTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.XTCPProxyConfig](), NewXTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type XTCPProxy struct {

client/visitor/stcp.go

@@ -15,18 +15,12 @@
 package visitor
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
 
@@ -42,10 +36,10 @@ func (sv *STCPVisitor) Run() (err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		go sv.worker()
+		go sv.acceptLoop(sv.l, "stcp local", sv.handleConn)
 	}
 
-	go sv.internalConnWorker()
+	go sv.acceptLoop(sv.internalLn, "stcp internal", sv.handleConn)
 
 	if sv.plugin != nil {
 		sv.plugin.Start()
@@ -57,35 +51,10 @@ func (sv *STCPVisitor) Close() {
 	sv.BaseVisitor.Close()
 }
 
-func (sv *STCPVisitor) worker() {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
-	for {
-		conn, err := sv.l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("stcp local listener closed")
-			return
-		}
-		go sv.handleConn(conn)
-	}
-}
-
-func (sv *STCPVisitor) internalConnWorker() {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
-	for {
-		conn, err := sv.internalLn.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("stcp internal listener closed")
-			return
-		}
-		go sv.handleConn(conn)
-	}
-}
-
 func (sv *STCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
 	var tunnelErr error
 	defer func() {
-		// If there was an error and connection supports CloseWithError, use it
 		if tunnelErr != nil {
 			if eConn, ok := userConn.(interface{ CloseWithError(error) error }); ok {
 				_ = eConn.CloseWithError(tunnelErr)
@@ -96,62 +65,21 @@ func (sv *STCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 	}()
 
 	xl.Debugf("get a new stcp user connection")
-	visitorConn, err := sv.helper.ConnectServer()
+	visitorConn, err := sv.dialRawVisitorConn(sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
 	if err != nil {
+		xl.Warnf("dialRawVisitorConn error: %v", err)
 		tunnelErr = err
 		return
 	}
 	defer visitorConn.Close()
 
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(sv.clientCfg.User, sv.cfg.ServerUser, sv.cfg.ServerName)
-	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
-		RunID:          sv.helper.RunID(),
-		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
-		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(sv.cfg.SecretKey, now),
-		Timestamp:      now,
-		UseEncryption:  sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
-		UseCompression: sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
-	}
-	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
+	remote, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(visitorConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
 	if err != nil {
-		xl.Warnf("send newVisitorConnMsg to server error: %v", err)
+		xl.Warnf("wrapVisitorConn error: %v", err)
 		tunnelErr = err
 		return
 	}
-
-	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
-	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
-	if err != nil {
-		xl.Warnf("get newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
-		tunnelErr = err
-		return
-	}
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
-
-	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
-		xl.Warnf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-		tunnelErr = fmt.Errorf("%s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var remote io.ReadWriteCloser
-	remote = visitorConn
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		remote, err = libio.WithEncryption(remote, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			tunnelErr = err
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		var recycleFn func()
-		remote, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(remote)
-		defer recycleFn()
-	}
+	defer recycleFn()
 
 	libio.Join(userConn, remote)
 }

client/visitor/sudp.go

@@ -16,21 +16,17 @@ package visitor
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/errors"
-	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/udp"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
 
@@ -76,6 +72,7 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) dispatcher() {
 
 	var (
 		visitorConn net.Conn
+		recycleFn   func()
 		err         error
 
 		firstPacket *msg.UDPPacket
@@ -93,14 +90,17 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) dispatcher() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		visitorConn, err = sv.getNewVisitorConn()
+		visitorConn, recycleFn, err = sv.getNewVisitorConn()
 		if err != nil {
 			xl.Warnf("newVisitorConn to frps error: %v, try to reconnect", err)
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// visitorConn always be closed when worker done.
-		sv.worker(visitorConn, firstPacket)
+		func() {
+			defer recycleFn()
+			sv.worker(visitorConn, firstPacket)
+		}()
 
 		select {
 		case <-sv.checkCloseCh:
@@ -198,57 +198,17 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) worker(workConn net.Conn, firstPacket *msg.UDPPacket) {
 	xl.Infof("sudp worker is closed")
 }
 
-func (sv *SUDPVisitor) getNewVisitorConn() (net.Conn, error) {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
-	visitorConn, err := sv.helper.ConnectServer()
+func (sv *SUDPVisitor) getNewVisitorConn() (net.Conn, func(), error) {
+	rawConn, err := sv.dialRawVisitorConn(sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc connect frps error: %v", err)
+		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
-
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(sv.clientCfg.User, sv.cfg.ServerUser, sv.cfg.ServerName)
-	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
-		RunID:          sv.helper.RunID(),
-		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
-		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(sv.cfg.SecretKey, now),
-		Timestamp:      now,
-		UseEncryption:  sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
-		UseCompression: sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
-	}
-	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
+	rwc, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(rawConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
 	if err != nil {
-		visitorConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc send newVisitorConnMsg to frps error: %v", err)
+		rawConn.Close()
+		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
-
-	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
-	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
-	if err != nil {
-		visitorConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc read newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
-	}
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
-
-	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
-		visitorConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-	}
-
-	var remote io.ReadWriteCloser
-	remote = visitorConn
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		remote, err = libio.WithEncryption(remote, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			visitorConn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		remote = libio.WithCompression(remote)
-	}
-	return netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, visitorConn), nil
+	return netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, rawConn), recycleFn, nil
 }
 
 func (sv *SUDPVisitor) Close() {

client/visitor/visitor.go

@@ -16,13 +16,21 @@ package visitor
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
 	plugin "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/plugin/visitor"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/transport"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/vnet"
 )
@@ -119,6 +127,18 @@ func (v *BaseVisitor) AcceptConn(conn net.Conn) error {
 	return v.internalLn.PutConn(conn)
 }
 
+func (v *BaseVisitor) acceptLoop(l net.Listener, name string, handleConn func(net.Conn)) {
+	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(v.ctx)
+	for {
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			xl.Warnf("%s listener closed", name)
+			return
+		}
+		go handleConn(conn)
+	}
+}
+
 func (v *BaseVisitor) Close() {
 	if v.l != nil {
 		v.l.Close()
@@ -130,3 +150,57 @@ func (v *BaseVisitor) Close() {
 		v.plugin.Close()
 	}
 }
+
+func (v *BaseVisitor) dialRawVisitorConn(cfg *v1.VisitorBaseConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
+	visitorConn, err := v.helper.ConnectServer()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to server error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(v.clientCfg.User, cfg.ServerUser, cfg.ServerName)
+	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
+		RunID:          v.helper.RunID(),
+		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
+		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(cfg.SecretKey, now),
+		Timestamp:      now,
+		UseEncryption:  cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
+		UseCompression: cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
+	}
+	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
+	if err != nil {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send newVisitorConnMsg to server error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
+	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
+	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
+	if err != nil {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
+	}
+	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
+
+	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
+	}
+	return visitorConn, nil
+}
+
+func wrapVisitorConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser, cfg *v1.VisitorBaseConfig) (io.ReadWriteCloser, func(), error) {
+	rwc := conn
+	if cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
+		var err error
+		rwc, err = libio.WithEncryption(rwc, []byte(cfg.SecretKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	recycleFn := func() {}
+	if cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
+		rwc, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(rwc)
+	}
+	return rwc, recycleFn, nil
+}

client/visitor/xtcp.go

@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ func (sv *XTCPVisitor) Run() (err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		go sv.worker()
+		go sv.acceptLoop(sv.l, "xtcp local", sv.handleConn)
 	}
 
-	go sv.internalConnWorker()
+	go sv.acceptLoop(sv.internalLn, "xtcp internal", sv.handleConn)
 	go sv.processTunnelStartEvents()
 	if sv.cfg.KeepTunnelOpen {
 		sv.retryLimiter = rate.NewLimiter(rate.Every(time.Hour/time.Duration(sv.cfg.MaxRetriesAnHour)), sv.cfg.MaxRetriesAnHour)
@@ -93,30 +93,6 @@ func (sv *XTCPVisitor) Close() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (sv *XTCPVisitor) worker() {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
-	for {
-		conn, err := sv.l.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("xtcp local listener closed")
-			return
-		}
-		go sv.handleConn(conn)
-	}
-}
-
-func (sv *XTCPVisitor) internalConnWorker() {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
-	for {
-		conn, err := sv.internalLn.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("xtcp internal listener closed")
-			return
-		}
-		go sv.handleConn(conn)
-	}
-}
-
 func (sv *XTCPVisitor) processTunnelStartEvents() {
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -206,21 +182,14 @@ func (sv *XTCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var muxConnRWCloser io.ReadWriteCloser = tunnelConn
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		muxConnRWCloser, err = libio.WithEncryption(muxConnRWCloser, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			tunnelConn.Close()
-			tunnelErr = err
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		var recycleFn func()
-		muxConnRWCloser, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(muxConnRWCloser)
-		defer recycleFn()
+	muxConnRWCloser, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(tunnelConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("%v", err)
+		tunnelConn.Close()
+		tunnelErr = err
+		return
 	}
+	defer recycleFn()
 
 	_, _, errs := libio.Join(userConn, muxConnRWCloser)
 	xl.Debugf("join connections closed")

cmd/frpc/sub/nathole.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ var natholeDiscoveryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "discover",
 	Short: "Discover nathole information from stun server",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		// ignore error here, because we can use command line pameters
+		// ignore error here, because we can use command line parameters
 		cfg, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFile, strictConfigMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			cfg = &v1.ClientCommonConfig{}

pkg/config/legacy/conversion.go

@@ -171,15 +171,14 @@ func Convert_ServerCommonConf_To_v1(conf *ServerCommonConf) *v1.ServerConfig {
 func transformHeadersFromPluginParams(params map[string]string) v1.HeaderOperations {
 	out := v1.HeaderOperations{}
 	for k, v := range params {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "plugin_header_") {
+		k, ok := strings.CutPrefix(k, "plugin_header_")
+		if !ok || k == "" {
 			continue
 		}
-		if k = strings.TrimPrefix(k, "plugin_header_"); k != "" {
-			if out.Set == nil {
-				out.Set = make(map[string]string)
-			}
-			out.Set[k] = v
+		if out.Set == nil {
+			out.Set = make(map[string]string)
 		}
+		out.Set[k] = v
 	}
 	return out
 }

pkg/config/legacy/proxy.go

@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ const (
 // Proxy
 var (
 	proxyConfTypeMap = map[ProxyType]reflect.Type{
-		ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeOf(TCPProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeOf(UDPProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeOf(TCPMuxProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeOf(HTTPSProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(STCPProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(XTCPProxyConf{}),
-		ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeOf(SUDPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeFor[TCPProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeFor[UDPProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeFor[TCPMuxProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeFor[HTTPSProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[STCPProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[XTCPProxyConf](),
+		ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeFor[SUDPProxyConf](),
 	}
 )
 

pkg/config/legacy/utils.go

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ func GetMapWithoutPrefix(set map[string]string, prefix string) map[string]string
 	m := make(map[string]string)
 
 	for key, value := range set {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(key, prefix) {
-			m[strings.TrimPrefix(key, prefix)] = value
+		if trimmed, ok := strings.CutPrefix(key, prefix); ok {
+			m[trimmed] = value
 		}
 	}
 

pkg/config/legacy/visitor.go

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ const (
 // Visitor
 var (
 	visitorConfTypeMap = map[VisitorType]reflect.Type{
-		VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeOf(STCPVisitorConf{}),
-		VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeOf(XTCPVisitorConf{}),
-		VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeOf(SUDPVisitorConf{}),
+		VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeFor[STCPVisitorConf](),
+		VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeFor[XTCPVisitorConf](),
+		VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeFor[SUDPVisitorConf](),
 	}
 )
 

pkg/config/source/aggregator.go

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
 package source
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"sort"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
@@ -97,21 +99,11 @@ func (a *Aggregator) mapsToSortedSlices(
 	proxyMap map[string]v1.ProxyConfigurer,
 	visitorMap map[string]v1.VisitorConfigurer,
 ) ([]v1.ProxyConfigurer, []v1.VisitorConfigurer) {
-	proxies := make([]v1.ProxyConfigurer, 0, len(proxyMap))
-	for _, p := range proxyMap {
-		proxies = append(proxies, p)
-	}
-	sort.Slice(proxies, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return proxies[i].GetBaseConfig().Name < proxies[j].GetBaseConfig().Name
+	proxies := slices.SortedFunc(maps.Values(proxyMap), func(x, y v1.ProxyConfigurer) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(x.GetBaseConfig().Name, y.GetBaseConfig().Name)
 	})
-
-	visitors := make([]v1.VisitorConfigurer, 0, len(visitorMap))
-	for _, v := range visitorMap {
-		visitors = append(visitors, v)
-	}
-	sort.Slice(visitors, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return visitors[i].GetBaseConfig().Name < visitors[j].GetBaseConfig().Name
+	visitors := slices.SortedFunc(maps.Values(visitorMap), func(x, y v1.VisitorConfigurer) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(x.GetBaseConfig().Name, y.GetBaseConfig().Name)
 	})
-
 	return proxies, visitors
 }

pkg/config/source/aggregator_test.go

@@ -196,6 +196,27 @@ func TestAggregator_VisitorMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(visitors, 2)
 }
 
+func TestAggregator_Load_ReturnsSortedByName(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	agg := newTestAggregator(t, nil)
+	err := agg.ConfigSource().ReplaceAll(
+		[]v1.ProxyConfigurer{mockProxy("charlie"), mockProxy("alice"), mockProxy("bob")},
+		[]v1.VisitorConfigurer{mockVisitor("zulu"), mockVisitor("alpha")},
+	)
+	require.NoError(err)
+
+	proxies, visitors, err := agg.Load()
+	require.NoError(err)
+	require.Len(proxies, 3)
+	require.Equal("alice", proxies[0].GetBaseConfig().Name)
+	require.Equal("bob", proxies[1].GetBaseConfig().Name)
+	require.Equal("charlie", proxies[2].GetBaseConfig().Name)
+	require.Len(visitors, 2)
+	require.Equal("alpha", visitors[0].GetBaseConfig().Name)
+	require.Equal("zulu", visitors[1].GetBaseConfig().Name)
+}
+
 func TestAggregator_Load_ReturnsDefensiveCopies(t *testing.T) {
 	require := require.New(t)
 

pkg/config/template.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func parseNumberRangePair(firstRangeStr, secondRangeStr string) ([]NumberPair, e
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("first and second range numbers are not in pairs")
 	}
 	pairs := make([]NumberPair, 0, len(firstRangeNumbers))
-	for i := 0; i < len(firstRangeNumbers); i++ {
+	for i := range firstRangeNumbers {
 		pairs = append(pairs, NumberPair{
 			First:  firstRangeNumbers[i],
 			Second: secondRangeNumbers[i],

pkg/config/types/types.go

@@ -70,24 +70,18 @@ func (q *BandwidthQuantity) UnmarshalString(s string) error {
 		f    float64
 		err  error
 	)
-	switch {
-	case strings.HasSuffix(s, "MB"):
+	if fstr, ok := strings.CutSuffix(s, "MB"); ok {
 		base = MB
-		fstr := strings.TrimSuffix(s, "MB")
 		f, err = strconv.ParseFloat(fstr, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	case strings.HasSuffix(s, "KB"):
+	} else if fstr, ok := strings.CutSuffix(s, "KB"); ok {
 		base = KB
-		fstr := strings.TrimSuffix(s, "KB")
 		f, err = strconv.ParseFloat(fstr, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	default:
+	} else {
 		return errors.New("unit not support")
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	q.s = s
 	q.i = int64(f * float64(base))
@@ -143,8 +137,8 @@ func (p PortsRangeSlice) String() string {
 func NewPortsRangeSliceFromString(str string) ([]PortsRange, error) {
 	str = strings.TrimSpace(str)
 	out := []PortsRange{}
-	numRanges := strings.Split(str, ",")
-	for _, numRangeStr := range numRanges {
+	numRanges := strings.SplitSeq(str, ",")
+	for numRangeStr := range numRanges {
 		// 1000-2000 or 2001
 		numArray := strings.Split(numRangeStr, "-")
 		// length: only 1 or 2 is correct

pkg/config/types/types_test.go

@@ -39,6 +39,31 @@ func TestBandwidthQuantity(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(`{"b":"1KB","int":5}`, string(buf))
 }
 
+func TestBandwidthQuantity_MB(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	var w Wrap
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"b":"2MB","int":1}`), &w)
+	require.NoError(err)
+	require.EqualValues(2*MB, w.B.Bytes())
+
+	buf, err := json.Marshal(&w)
+	require.NoError(err)
+	require.Equal(`{"b":"2MB","int":1}`, string(buf))
+}
+
+func TestBandwidthQuantity_InvalidUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	var w Wrap
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"b":"1GB","int":1}`), &w)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestBandwidthQuantity_InvalidNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	var w Wrap
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(`{"b":"abcKB","int":1}`), &w)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestPortsRangeSlice2String(t *testing.T) {
 	require := require.New(t)
 

pkg/config/v1/proxy.go

@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ const (
 )
 
 var proxyConfigTypeMap = map[ProxyType]reflect.Type{
-	ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeOf(TCPProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeOf(UDPProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeOf(HTTPSProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeOf(TCPMuxProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(STCPProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(XTCPProxyConfig{}),
-	ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeOf(SUDPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeFor[TCPProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeFor[UDPProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeFor[HTTPSProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeFor[TCPMuxProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[STCPProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[XTCPProxyConfig](),
+	ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeFor[SUDPProxyConfig](),
 }
 
 func NewProxyConfigurerByType(proxyType ProxyType) ProxyConfigurer {

pkg/config/v1/proxy_plugin.go

@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ const (
 )
 
 var clientPluginOptionsTypeMap = map[string]reflect.Type{
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:       reflect.TypeOf(HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginHTTPProxy:        reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:       reflect.TypeOf(HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:      reflect.TypeOf(HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginHTTP2HTTP:        reflect.TypeOf(HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginSocks5:           reflect.TypeOf(Socks5PluginOptions{}),
-	PluginStaticFile:       reflect.TypeOf(StaticFilePluginOptions{}),
-	PluginUnixDomainSocket: reflect.TypeOf(UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginTLS2Raw:          reflect.TypeOf(TLS2RawPluginOptions{}),
-	PluginVirtualNet:       reflect.TypeOf(VirtualNetPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPProxy:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:      reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTP:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions](),
+	PluginSocks5:           reflect.TypeFor[Socks5PluginOptions](),
+	PluginStaticFile:       reflect.TypeFor[StaticFilePluginOptions](),
+	PluginUnixDomainSocket: reflect.TypeFor[UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions](),
+	PluginTLS2Raw:          reflect.TypeFor[TLS2RawPluginOptions](),
+	PluginVirtualNet:       reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetPluginOptions](),
 }
 
 type ClientPluginOptions interface {

pkg/config/v1/visitor.go

@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ const (
 )
 
 var visitorConfigTypeMap = map[VisitorType]reflect.Type{
-	VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeOf(STCPVisitorConfig{}),
-	VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeOf(XTCPVisitorConfig{}),
-	VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeOf(SUDPVisitorConfig{}),
+	VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeFor[STCPVisitorConfig](),
+	VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeFor[XTCPVisitorConfig](),
+	VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeFor[SUDPVisitorConfig](),
 }
 
 type TypedVisitorConfig struct {

pkg/config/v1/visitor_plugin.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var visitorPluginOptionsTypeMap = map[string]reflect.Type{
-	VisitorPluginVirtualNet: reflect.TypeOf(VirtualNetVisitorPluginOptions{}),
+	VisitorPluginVirtualNet: reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetVisitorPluginOptions](),
 }
 
 type VisitorPluginOptions interface {

pkg/metrics/mem/server.go

@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) OpenConnection(name string, _ string) {
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[name]
 	if ok {
 		proxyStats.CurConns.Inc(1)
-		m.info.ProxyStatistics[name] = proxyStats
 	}
 }
 
@@ -155,7 +154,6 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) CloseConnection(name string, _ string) {
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[name]
 	if ok {
 		proxyStats.CurConns.Dec(1)
-		m.info.ProxyStatistics[name] = proxyStats
 	}
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +166,6 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) AddTrafficIn(name string, _ string, trafficBytes int64)
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[name]
 	if ok {
 		proxyStats.TrafficIn.Inc(trafficBytes)
-		m.info.ProxyStatistics[name] = proxyStats
 	}
 }
 
@@ -181,7 +178,6 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) AddTrafficOut(name string, _ string, trafficBytes int64)
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[name]
 	if ok {
 		proxyStats.TrafficOut.Inc(trafficBytes)
-		m.info.ProxyStatistics[name] = proxyStats
 	}
 }
 
@@ -203,6 +199,25 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetServer() *ServerStats {
 	return s
 }
 
+func toProxyStats(name string, proxyStats *ProxyStatistics) *ProxyStats {
+	ps := &ProxyStats{
+		Name:            name,
+		Type:            proxyStats.ProxyType,
+		User:            proxyStats.User,
+		ClientID:        proxyStats.ClientID,
+		TodayTrafficIn:  proxyStats.TrafficIn.TodayCount(),
+		TodayTrafficOut: proxyStats.TrafficOut.TodayCount(),
+		CurConns:        int64(proxyStats.CurConns.Count()),
+	}
+	if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
+		ps.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+	}
+	if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
+		ps.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+	}
+	return ps
+}
+
 func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxiesByType(proxyType string) []*ProxyStats {
 	res := make([]*ProxyStats, 0)
 	m.mu.Lock()
@@ -212,23 +227,7 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxiesByType(proxyType string) []*ProxyStats {
 		if proxyStats.ProxyType != proxyType {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		ps := &ProxyStats{
-			Name:            name,
-			Type:            proxyStats.ProxyType,
-			User:            proxyStats.User,
-			ClientID:        proxyStats.ClientID,
-			TodayTrafficIn:  proxyStats.TrafficIn.TodayCount(),
-			TodayTrafficOut: proxyStats.TrafficOut.TodayCount(),
-			CurConns:        int64(proxyStats.CurConns.Count()),
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
-			ps.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
-			ps.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-		res = append(res, ps)
+		res = append(res, toProxyStats(name, proxyStats))
 	}
 	return res
 }
@@ -237,31 +236,9 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxiesByTypeAndName(proxyType string, proxyName stri
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for name, proxyStats := range m.info.ProxyStatistics {
-		if proxyStats.ProxyType != proxyType {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if name != proxyName {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		res = &ProxyStats{
-			Name:            name,
-			Type:            proxyStats.ProxyType,
-			User:            proxyStats.User,
-			ClientID:        proxyStats.ClientID,
-			TodayTrafficIn:  proxyStats.TrafficIn.TodayCount(),
-			TodayTrafficOut: proxyStats.TrafficOut.TodayCount(),
-			CurConns:        int64(proxyStats.CurConns.Count()),
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
-			res.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
-			res.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-		break
+	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[proxyName]
+	if ok && proxyStats.ProxyType == proxyType {
+		res = toProxyStats(proxyName, proxyStats)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -272,21 +249,7 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxyByName(proxyName string) (res *ProxyStats) {
 
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[proxyName]
 	if ok {
-		res = &ProxyStats{
-			Name:            proxyName,
-			Type:            proxyStats.ProxyType,
-			User:            proxyStats.User,
-			ClientID:        proxyStats.ClientID,
-			TodayTrafficIn:  proxyStats.TrafficIn.TodayCount(),
-			TodayTrafficOut: proxyStats.TrafficOut.TodayCount(),
-			CurConns:        int64(proxyStats.CurConns.Count()),
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
-			res.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-		if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
-			res.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
+		res = toProxyStats(proxyName, proxyStats)
 	}
 	return
 }

pkg/msg/msg.go

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ var msgTypeMap = map[byte]any{
 	TypeNatHoleReport:      NatHoleReport{},
 }
 
-var TypeNameNatHoleResp = reflect.TypeOf(&NatHoleResp{}).Elem().Name()
+var TypeNameNatHoleResp = reflect.TypeFor[NatHoleResp]().Name()
 
 type ClientSpec struct {
 	// Due to the support of VirtualClient, frps needs to know the client type in order to

pkg/naming/names.go

@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ func StripUserPrefix(user, name string) string {
 	if user == "" {
 		return name
 	}
-	prefix := user + "."
-	if strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
-		return strings.TrimPrefix(name, prefix)
+	if trimmed, ok := strings.CutPrefix(name, user+"."); ok {
+		return trimmed
 	}
 	return name
 }

pkg/nathole/analysis.go

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func getBehaviorScoresByMode(mode int, defaultScore int) []*BehaviorScore {
 func getBehaviorScoresByMode2(mode int, senderScore, receiverScore int) []*BehaviorScore {
 	behaviors := getBehaviorByMode(mode)
 	scores := make([]*BehaviorScore, 0, len(behaviors))
-	for i := 0; i < len(behaviors); i++ {
+	for i := range behaviors {
 		score := receiverScore
 		if behaviors[i].A.Role == DetectRoleSender {
 			score = senderScore

pkg/nathole/classify.go

@@ -70,12 +70,8 @@ func ClassifyNATFeature(addresses []string, localIPs []string) (*NatFeature, err
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if portNum > portMax {
-			portMax = portNum
-		}
-		if portNum < portMin {
-			portMin = portNum
-		}
+		portMax = max(portMax, portNum)
+		portMin = min(portMin, portNum)
 		if baseIP != ip {
 			ipChanged = true
 		}

pkg/nathole/controller.go

@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ func (c *Controller) GenSid() string {
 
 func (c *Controller) HandleVisitor(m *msg.NatHoleVisitor, transporter transport.MessageTransporter, visitorUser string) {
 	if m.PreCheck {
+		c.mu.RLock()
 		cfg, ok := c.clientCfgs[m.ProxyName]
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
 		if !ok {
 			_ = transporter.Send(c.GenNatHoleResponse(m.TransactionID, nil, fmt.Sprintf("xtcp server for [%s] doesn't exist", m.ProxyName)))
 			return

pkg/nathole/nathole.go

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ func sendSidMessageToRandomPorts(
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx)
 	used := sets.New[int]()
 	getUnusedPort := func() int {
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		for range 10 {
 			port := rand.IntN(65535-1024) + 1024
 			if !used.Has(port) {
 				used.Insert(port)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func sendSidMessageToRandomPorts(
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+	for range count {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return

pkg/plugin/server/http.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
@@ -64,12 +65,7 @@ func (p *httpPlugin) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (p *httpPlugin) IsSupport(op string) bool {
-	for _, v := range p.options.Ops {
-		if v == op {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+	return slices.Contains(p.options.Ops, op)
 }
 
 func (p *httpPlugin) Handle(ctx context.Context, op string, content any) (*Response, any, error) {

pkg/plugin/visitor/virtual_net.go

@@ -153,10 +153,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 
 				// Exponential backoff: 60s, 120s, 240s, 300s (capped)
 				baseDelay := 60 * time.Second
-				reconnectDelay = baseDelay * time.Duration(1<<uint(p.consecutiveErrors-1))
-				if reconnectDelay > 300*time.Second {
-					reconnectDelay = 300 * time.Second
-				}
+				reconnectDelay = min(baseDelay*time.Duration(1<<uint(p.consecutiveErrors-1)), 300*time.Second)
 			} else {
 				// Reset consecutive errors on successful connection
 				if p.consecutiveErrors > 0 {

pkg/policy/featuregate/feature_gate.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package featuregate
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -93,9 +94,7 @@ type featureGate struct {
 // NewFeatureGate creates a new feature gate with the default features
 func NewFeatureGate() MutableFeatureGate {
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range defaultFeatures {
-		known[k] = v
-	}
+	maps.Copy(known, defaultFeatures)
 
 	f := &featureGate{}
 	f.known.Store(known)
@@ -110,13 +109,9 @@ func (f *featureGate) SetFromMap(m map[string]bool) error {
 
 	// Copy existing state
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec) {
-		known[k] = v
-	}
+	maps.Copy(known, f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec))
 	enabled := map[Feature]bool{}
-	for k, v := range f.enabled.Load().(map[Feature]bool) {
-		enabled[k] = v
-	}
+	maps.Copy(enabled, f.enabled.Load().(map[Feature]bool))
 
 	// Apply the new settings
 	for k, v := range m {
@@ -148,9 +143,7 @@ func (f *featureGate) Add(features map[Feature]FeatureSpec) error {
 
 	// Copy existing state
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec) {
-		known[k] = v
-	}
+	maps.Copy(known, f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec))
 
 	// Add new features
 	for name, spec := range features {

pkg/util/http/http.go

@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ func ParseBasicAuth(auth string) (username, password string, ok bool) {
 		return
 	}
 	cs := string(c)
-	s := strings.IndexByte(cs, ':')
-	if s < 0 {
+	before, after, found := strings.Cut(cs, ":")
+	if !found {
 		return
 	}
-	return cs[:s], cs[s+1:], true
+	return before, after, true
 }
 
 func BasicAuth(username, passwd string) string {

pkg/util/net/udp.go

@@ -86,11 +86,7 @@ func (c *FakeUDPConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	c.lastActive = time.Now()
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if len(b) < len(content) {
-		n = len(b)
-	} else {
-		n = len(content)
-	}
+	n = min(len(b), len(content))
 	copy(b, content)
 	return n, nil
 }
@@ -168,11 +164,15 @@ func ListenUDP(bindAddr string, bindPort int) (l *UDPListener, err error) {
 		return l, err
 	}
 	readConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", udpAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return l, err
+	}
 
 	l = &UDPListener{
 		addr:      udpAddr,
 		acceptCh:  make(chan net.Conn),
 		writeCh:   make(chan *UDPPacket, 1000),
+		readConn:  readConn,
 		fakeConns: make(map[string]*FakeUDPConn),
 	}
 

pkg/util/util/util.go

@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ func ParseRangeNumbers(rangeStr string) (numbers []int64, err error) {
 	rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
 	numbers = make([]int64, 0)
 	// e.g. 1000-2000,2001,2002,3000-4000
-	numRanges := strings.Split(rangeStr, ",")
-	for _, numRangeStr := range numRanges {
+	numRanges := strings.SplitSeq(rangeStr, ",")
+	for numRangeStr := range numRanges {
 		// 1000-2000 or 2001
 		numArray := strings.Split(numRangeStr, "-")
 		// length: only 1 or 2 is correct

pkg/util/vhost/http.go

@@ -266,31 +266,13 @@ func (rp *HTTPReverseProxy) connectHandler(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Req
 	go libio.Join(remote, client)
 }
 
-func parseBasicAuth(auth string) (username, password string, ok bool) {
-	const prefix = "Basic "
-	// Case insensitive prefix match. See Issue 22736.
-	if len(auth) < len(prefix) || !strings.EqualFold(auth[:len(prefix)], prefix) {
-		return
-	}
-	c, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(auth[len(prefix):])
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	cs := string(c)
-	s := strings.IndexByte(cs, ':')
-	if s < 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	return cs[:s], cs[s+1:], true
-}
-
 func (rp *HTTPReverseProxy) injectRequestInfoToCtx(req *http.Request) *http.Request {
 	user := ""
 	// If url host isn't empty, it's a proxy request. Get http user from Proxy-Authorization header.
 	if req.URL.Host != "" {
 		proxyAuth := req.Header.Get("Proxy-Authorization")
 		if proxyAuth != "" {
-			user, _, _ = parseBasicAuth(proxyAuth)
+			user, _, _ = httppkg.ParseBasicAuth(proxyAuth)
 		}
 	}
 	if user == "" {

pkg/util/xlog/xlog.go

@@ -63,11 +63,12 @@ func (l *Logger) AddPrefix(prefix LogPrefix) *Logger {
 	if prefix.Priority <= 0 {
 		prefix.Priority = 10
 	}
-	for _, p := range l.prefixes {
+	for i, p := range l.prefixes {
 		if p.Name == prefix.Name {
 			found = true
-			p.Value = prefix.Value
-			p.Priority = prefix.Priority
+			l.prefixes[i].Value = prefix.Value
+			l.prefixes[i].Priority = prefix.Priority
+			break
 		}
 	}
 	if !found {

server/control.go

@@ -95,20 +95,33 @@ func (cm *ControlManager) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type Control struct {
+// SessionContext encapsulates the input parameters for creating a new Control.
+type SessionContext struct {
 	// all resource managers and controllers
-	rc *controller.ResourceController
-
+	RC *controller.ResourceController
 	// proxy manager
-	pxyManager *proxy.Manager
-
+	PxyManager *proxy.Manager
 	// plugin manager
-	pluginManager *plugin.Manager
-
+	PluginManager *plugin.Manager
 	// verifies authentication based on selected method
-	authVerifier auth.Verifier
+	AuthVerifier auth.Verifier
 	// key used for connection encryption
-	encryptionKey []byte
+	EncryptionKey []byte
+	// control connection
+	Conn net.Conn
+	// indicates whether the connection is encrypted
+	ConnEncrypted bool
+	// login message
+	LoginMsg *msg.Login
+	// server configuration
+	ServerCfg *v1.ServerConfig
+	// client registry
+	ClientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
+}
+
+type Control struct {
+	// session context
+	sessionCtx *SessionContext
 
 	// other components can use this to communicate with client
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter
@@ -117,12 +130,6 @@ type Control struct {
 	// It provides a channel for sending messages, and you can register handlers to process messages based on their respective types.
 	msgDispatcher *msg.Dispatcher
 
-	// login message
-	loginMsg *msg.Login
-
-	// control connection
-	conn net.Conn
-
 	// work connections
 	workConnCh chan net.Conn
 
@@ -145,61 +152,34 @@ type Control struct {
 
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
-	// Server configuration information
-	serverCfg *v1.ServerConfig
-
-	clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
-
 	xl     *xlog.Logger
 	ctx    context.Context
 	doneCh chan struct{}
 }
 
-// TODO(fatedier): Referencing the implementation of frpc, encapsulate the input parameters as SessionContext.
-func NewControl(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	rc *controller.ResourceController,
-	pxyManager *proxy.Manager,
-	pluginManager *plugin.Manager,
-	authVerifier auth.Verifier,
-	encryptionKey []byte,
-	ctlConn net.Conn,
-	ctlConnEncrypted bool,
-	loginMsg *msg.Login,
-	serverCfg *v1.ServerConfig,
-) (*Control, error) {
-	poolCount := loginMsg.PoolCount
-	if poolCount > int(serverCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount) {
-		poolCount = int(serverCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount)
-	}
+func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, error) {
+	poolCount := min(sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount, int(sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount))
 	ctl := &Control{
-		rc:            rc,
-		pxyManager:    pxyManager,
-		pluginManager: pluginManager,
-		authVerifier:  authVerifier,
-		encryptionKey: encryptionKey,
-		conn:          ctlConn,
-		loginMsg:      loginMsg,
-		workConnCh:    make(chan net.Conn, poolCount+10),
-		proxies:       make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
-		poolCount:     poolCount,
-		portsUsedNum:  0,
-		runID:         loginMsg.RunID,
-		serverCfg:     serverCfg,
-		xl:            xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		doneCh:        make(chan struct{}),
+		sessionCtx:   sessionCtx,
+		workConnCh:   make(chan net.Conn, poolCount+10),
+		proxies:      make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
+		poolCount:    poolCount,
+		portsUsedNum: 0,
+		runID:        sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+		xl:           xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
+		ctx:          ctx,
+		doneCh:       make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now())
 
-	if ctlConnEncrypted {
-		cryptoRW, err := netpkg.NewCryptoReadWriter(ctl.conn, ctl.encryptionKey)
+	if sessionCtx.ConnEncrypted {
+		cryptoRW, err := netpkg.NewCryptoReadWriter(sessionCtx.Conn, sessionCtx.EncryptionKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(cryptoRW)
 	} else {
-		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(ctl.conn)
+		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(sessionCtx.Conn)
 	}
 	ctl.registerMsgHandlers()
 	ctl.msgTransporter = transport.NewMessageTransporter(ctl.msgDispatcher)
@@ -213,7 +193,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Start() {
 		RunID:   ctl.runID,
 		Error:   "",
 	}
-	_ = msg.WriteMsg(ctl.conn, loginRespMsg)
+	_ = msg.WriteMsg(ctl.sessionCtx.Conn, loginRespMsg)
 
 	go func() {
 		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
@@ -225,7 +205,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Start() {
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) Close() error {
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +213,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Replaced(newCtl *Control) {
 	xl := ctl.xl
 	xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s]", newCtl.runID)
 	ctl.runID = ""
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) RegisterWorkConn(conn net.Conn) error {
@@ -291,7 +271,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) GetWorkConn() (workConn net.Conn, err error) {
 				return
 			}
 
-		case <-time.After(time.Duration(ctl.serverCfg.UserConnTimeout) * time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.UserConnTimeout) * time.Second):
 			err = fmt.Errorf("timeout trying to get work connection")
 			xl.Warnf("%v", err)
 			return
@@ -304,15 +284,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) GetWorkConn() (workConn net.Conn, err error) {
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) heartbeatWorker() {
-	if ctl.serverCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout <= 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	xl := ctl.xl
 	go wait.Until(func() {
-		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.serverCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
+		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
 			xl.Warnf("heartbeat timeout")
-			ctl.conn.Close()
+			ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 			return
 		}
 	}, time.Second, ctl.doneCh)
@@ -323,6 +303,30 @@ func (ctl *Control) WaitClosed() {
 	<-ctl.doneCh
 }
 
+func (ctl *Control) loginUserInfo() plugin.UserInfo {
+	return plugin.UserInfo{
+		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
+		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
+		RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+	}
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {
+	pxy.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
+	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
+
+	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
+		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
+		CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
+			ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
+		},
+	}
+	go func() {
+		_ = ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
+	}()
+}
+
 func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	xl := ctl.xl
 
@@ -330,38 +334,23 @@ func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	go ctl.msgDispatcher.Run()
 
 	<-ctl.msgDispatcher.Done()
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 
 	ctl.mu.Lock()
-	defer ctl.mu.Unlock()
-
 	close(ctl.workConnCh)
 	for workConn := range ctl.workConnCh {
 		workConn.Close()
 	}
+	proxies := ctl.proxies
+	ctl.proxies = make(map[string]proxy.Proxy)
+	ctl.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for _, pxy := range ctl.proxies {
-		pxy.Close()
-		ctl.pxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
-		metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
-
-		notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
-			User: plugin.UserInfo{
-				User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-				Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-				RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-			},
-			CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
-				ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
-			},
-		}
-		go func() {
-			_ = ctl.pluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
-		}()
+	for _, pxy := range proxies {
+		ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
 	}
 
 	metrics.Server.CloseClient()
-	ctl.clientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.ClientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
 	xl.Infof("client exit success")
 	close(ctl.doneCh)
 }
@@ -380,15 +369,11 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NewProxy)
 
 	content := &plugin.NewProxyContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
+		User:     ctl.loginUserInfo(),
 		NewProxy: *inMsg,
 	}
 	var remoteAddr string
-	retContent, err := ctl.pluginManager.NewProxy(content)
+	retContent, err := ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.NewProxy(content)
 	if err == nil {
 		inMsg = &retContent.NewProxy
 		remoteAddr, err = ctl.RegisterProxy(inMsg)
@@ -401,15 +386,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("new proxy [%s] type [%s] error: %v", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, err)
 		resp.Error = util.GenerateResponseErrorString(fmt.Sprintf("new proxy [%s] error", inMsg.ProxyName),
-			err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.serverCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient))
+			err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient))
 	} else {
 		resp.RemoteAddr = remoteAddr
 		xl.Infof("new proxy [%s] type [%s] success", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType)
-		clientID := ctl.loginMsg.ClientID
+		clientID := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.ClientID
 		if clientID == "" {
-			clientID = ctl.loginMsg.RunID
+			clientID = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID
 		}
-		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.loginMsg.User, clientID)
+		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
 	}
 	_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(resp)
 }
@@ -419,22 +404,18 @@ func (ctl *Control) handlePing(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.Ping)
 
 	content := &plugin.PingContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
+		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
 		Ping: *inMsg,
 	}
-	retContent, err := ctl.pluginManager.Ping(content)
+	retContent, err := ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.Ping(content)
 	if err == nil {
 		inMsg = &retContent.Ping
-		err = ctl.authVerifier.VerifyPing(inMsg)
+		err = ctl.sessionCtx.AuthVerifier.VerifyPing(inMsg)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("received invalid ping: %v", err)
 		_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.Pong{
-			Error: util.GenerateResponseErrorString("invalid ping", err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.serverCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient)),
+			Error: util.GenerateResponseErrorString("invalid ping", err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient)),
 		})
 		return
 	}
@@ -445,17 +426,17 @@ func (ctl *Control) handlePing(m msg.Message) {
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleVisitor(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleVisitor)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleVisitor(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter, ctl.loginMsg.User)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleVisitor(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleClient(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleClient)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleClient(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleClient(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleReport(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleReport)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleReport(inMsg)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleReport(inMsg)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleCloseProxy(m msg.Message) {
@@ -468,15 +449,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleCloseProxy(m msg.Message) {
 func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 	var pxyConf v1.ProxyConfigurer
 	// Load configures from NewProxy message and validate.
-	pxyConf, err = config.NewProxyConfigurerFromMsg(pxyMsg, ctl.serverCfg)
+	pxyConf, err = config.NewProxyConfigurerFromMsg(pxyMsg, ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// User info
 	userInfo := plugin.UserInfo{
-		User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-		Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
+		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
+		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
 		RunID: ctl.runID,
 	}
 
@@ -484,22 +465,22 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 	// In fact, it creates different proxies based on the proxy type. We just call run() here.
 	pxy, err := proxy.NewProxy(ctl.ctx, &proxy.Options{
 		UserInfo:           userInfo,
-		LoginMsg:           ctl.loginMsg,
+		LoginMsg:           ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg,
 		PoolCount:          ctl.poolCount,
-		ResourceController: ctl.rc,
+		ResourceController: ctl.sessionCtx.RC,
 		GetWorkConnFn:      ctl.GetWorkConn,
 		Configurer:         pxyConf,
-		ServerCfg:          ctl.serverCfg,
-		EncryptionKey:      ctl.encryptionKey,
+		ServerCfg:          ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg,
+		EncryptionKey:      ctl.sessionCtx.EncryptionKey,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return remoteAddr, err
 	}
 
 	// Check ports used number in each client
-	if ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
 		ctl.mu.Lock()
-		if ctl.portsUsedNum+pxy.GetUsedPortsNum() > int(ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient) {
+		if ctl.portsUsedNum+pxy.GetUsedPortsNum() > int(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient) {
 			ctl.mu.Unlock()
 			err = fmt.Errorf("exceed the max_ports_per_client")
 			return
@@ -516,7 +497,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 		}()
 	}
 
-	if ctl.pxyManager.Exist(pxyMsg.ProxyName) {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Exist(pxyMsg.ProxyName) {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("proxy [%s] already exists", pxyMsg.ProxyName)
 		return
 	}
@@ -531,7 +512,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 		}
 	}()
 
-	err = ctl.pxyManager.Add(pxyMsg.ProxyName, pxy)
+	err = ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Add(pxyMsg.ProxyName, pxy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -550,28 +531,12 @@ func (ctl *Control) CloseProxy(closeMsg *msg.CloseProxy) (err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
 		ctl.portsUsedNum -= pxy.GetUsedPortsNum()
 	}
-	pxy.Close()
-	ctl.pxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
 	delete(ctl.proxies, closeMsg.ProxyName)
 	ctl.mu.Unlock()
 
-	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
-
-	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
-		CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
-			ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
-		},
-	}
-	go func() {
-		_ = ctl.pluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
-	}()
+	ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
 	return
 }

server/proxy/http.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.HTTPProxyConfig{}), NewHTTPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.HTTPProxyConfig](), NewHTTPProxy)
 }
 
 type HTTPProxy struct {
@@ -75,16 +75,13 @@ func (pxy *HTTPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	addrs := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, domain := range pxy.cfg.CustomDomains {
-		if domain == "" {
-			continue
-		}
+	domains := pxy.buildDomains(pxy.cfg.CustomDomains, pxy.cfg.SubDomain)
 
+	addrs := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, domain := range domains {
 		routeConfig.Domain = domain
 		for _, location := range locations {
 			routeConfig.Location = location
-
 			tmpRouteConfig := routeConfig
 
 			// handle group
@@ -93,12 +90,10 @@ func (pxy *HTTPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return
 				}
-
 				pxy.closeFuncs = append(pxy.closeFuncs, func() {
 					pxy.rc.HTTPGroupCtl.UnRegister(pxy.name, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group, tmpRouteConfig)
 				})
 			} else {
-				// no group
 				err = pxy.rc.HTTPReverseProxy.Register(routeConfig)
 				if err != nil {
 					return
@@ -112,39 +107,6 @@ func (pxy *HTTPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 				routeConfig.Domain, routeConfig.Location, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group, pxy.cfg.RouteByHTTPUser)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if pxy.cfg.SubDomain != "" {
-		routeConfig.Domain = pxy.cfg.SubDomain + "." + pxy.serverCfg.SubDomainHost
-		for _, location := range locations {
-			routeConfig.Location = location
-
-			tmpRouteConfig := routeConfig
-
-			// handle group
-			if pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group != "" {
-				err = pxy.rc.HTTPGroupCtl.Register(pxy.name, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.GroupKey, routeConfig)
-				if err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-
-				pxy.closeFuncs = append(pxy.closeFuncs, func() {
-					pxy.rc.HTTPGroupCtl.UnRegister(pxy.name, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group, tmpRouteConfig)
-				})
-			} else {
-				err = pxy.rc.HTTPReverseProxy.Register(routeConfig)
-				if err != nil {
-					return
-				}
-				pxy.closeFuncs = append(pxy.closeFuncs, func() {
-					pxy.rc.HTTPReverseProxy.UnRegister(tmpRouteConfig)
-				})
-			}
-			addrs = append(addrs, util.CanonicalAddr(tmpRouteConfig.Domain, pxy.serverCfg.VhostHTTPPort))
-
-			xl.Infof("http proxy listen for host [%s] location [%s] group [%s], routeByHTTPUser [%s]",
-				routeConfig.Domain, routeConfig.Location, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group, pxy.cfg.RouteByHTTPUser)
-		}
-	}
 	remoteAddr = strings.Join(addrs, ",")
 	return
 }

server/proxy/https.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.HTTPSProxyConfig{}), NewHTTPSProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.HTTPSProxyConfig](), NewHTTPSProxy)
 }
 
 type HTTPSProxy struct {
@@ -53,23 +53,10 @@ func (pxy *HTTPSProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 			pxy.Close()
 		}
 	}()
+	domains := pxy.buildDomains(pxy.cfg.CustomDomains, pxy.cfg.SubDomain)
+
 	addrs := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, domain := range pxy.cfg.CustomDomains {
-		if domain == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		l, err := pxy.listenForDomain(routeConfig, domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		pxy.listeners = append(pxy.listeners, l)
-		addrs = append(addrs, util.CanonicalAddr(domain, pxy.serverCfg.VhostHTTPSPort))
-		xl.Infof("https proxy listen for host [%s] group [%s]", domain, pxy.cfg.LoadBalancer.Group)
-	}
-
-	if pxy.cfg.SubDomain != "" {
-		domain := pxy.cfg.SubDomain + "." + pxy.serverCfg.SubDomainHost
+	for _, domain := range domains {
 		l, err := pxy.listenForDomain(routeConfig, domain)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err

server/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) GetWorkConnFromPool(src, dst net.Addr) (workConn net.Conn,
 			dstAddr, dstPortStr, _ = net.SplitHostPort(dst.String())
 			dstPort, _ = strconv.ParseUint(dstPortStr, 10, 16)
 		}
-		err := msg.WriteMsg(workConn, &msg.StartWorkConn{
+		err = msg.WriteMsg(workConn, &msg.StartWorkConn{
 			ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
 			SrcAddr:   srcAddr,
 			SrcPort:   uint16(srcPort),
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) GetWorkConnFromPool(src, dst net.Addr) (workConn net.Conn,
 		if err != nil {
 			xl.Warnf("failed to send message to work connection from pool: %v, times: %d", err, i)
 			workConn.Close()
+			workConn = nil
 		} else {
 			break
 		}
@@ -173,6 +174,36 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) GetWorkConnFromPool(src, dst net.Addr) (workConn net.Conn,
 	return
 }
 
+// startVisitorListener sets up a VisitorManager listener for visitor-based proxies (STCP, SUDP).
+func (pxy *BaseProxy) startVisitorListener(secretKey string, allowUsers []string, proxyType string) error {
+	// if allowUsers is empty, only allow same user from proxy
+	if len(allowUsers) == 0 {
+		allowUsers = []string{pxy.GetUserInfo().User}
+	}
+	listener, err := pxy.rc.VisitorManager.Listen(pxy.GetName(), secretKey, allowUsers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pxy.listeners = append(pxy.listeners, listener)
+	pxy.xl.Infof("%s proxy custom listen success", proxyType)
+	pxy.startCommonTCPListenersHandler()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildDomains constructs a list of domains from custom domains and subdomain configuration.
+func (pxy *BaseProxy) buildDomains(customDomains []string, subDomain string) []string {
+	domains := make([]string, 0, len(customDomains)+1)
+	for _, d := range customDomains {
+		if d != "" {
+			domains = append(domains, d)
+		}
+	}
+	if subDomain != "" {
+		domains = append(domains, subDomain+"."+pxy.serverCfg.SubDomainHost)
+	}
+	return domains
+}
+
 // startCommonTCPListenersHandler start a goroutine handler for each listener.
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) startCommonTCPListenersHandler() {
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(pxy.ctx)

server/proxy/stcp.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.STCPProxyConfig{}), NewSTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.STCPProxyConfig](), NewSTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type STCPProxy struct {
@@ -41,21 +41,7 @@ func NewSTCPProxy(baseProxy *BaseProxy) Proxy {
 }
 
 func (pxy *STCPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
-	xl := pxy.xl
-	allowUsers := pxy.cfg.AllowUsers
-	// if allowUsers is empty, only allow same user from proxy
-	if len(allowUsers) == 0 {
-		allowUsers = []string{pxy.GetUserInfo().User}
-	}
-	listener, errRet := pxy.rc.VisitorManager.Listen(pxy.GetName(), pxy.cfg.Secretkey, allowUsers)
-	if errRet != nil {
-		err = errRet
-		return
-	}
-	pxy.listeners = append(pxy.listeners, listener)
-	xl.Infof("stcp proxy custom listen success")
-
-	pxy.startCommonTCPListenersHandler()
+	err = pxy.startVisitorListener(pxy.cfg.Secretkey, pxy.cfg.AllowUsers, "stcp")
 	return
 }
 

server/proxy/sudp.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.SUDPProxyConfig{}), NewSUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.SUDPProxyConfig](), NewSUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type SUDPProxy struct {
@@ -41,21 +41,7 @@ func NewSUDPProxy(baseProxy *BaseProxy) Proxy {
 }
 
 func (pxy *SUDPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
-	xl := pxy.xl
-	allowUsers := pxy.cfg.AllowUsers
-	// if allowUsers is empty, only allow same user from proxy
-	if len(allowUsers) == 0 {
-		allowUsers = []string{pxy.GetUserInfo().User}
-	}
-	listener, errRet := pxy.rc.VisitorManager.Listen(pxy.GetName(), pxy.cfg.Secretkey, allowUsers)
-	if errRet != nil {
-		err = errRet
-		return
-	}
-	pxy.listeners = append(pxy.listeners, listener)
-	xl.Infof("sudp proxy custom listen success")
-
-	pxy.startCommonTCPListenersHandler()
+	err = pxy.startVisitorListener(pxy.cfg.Secretkey, pxy.cfg.AllowUsers, "sudp")
 	return
 }
 

server/proxy/tcp.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.TCPProxyConfig{}), NewTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.TCPProxyConfig](), NewTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type TCPProxy struct {

server/proxy/tcpmux.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig{}), NewTCPMuxProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig](), NewTCPMuxProxy)
 }
 
 type TCPMuxProxy struct {
@@ -72,26 +72,16 @@ func (pxy *TCPMuxProxy) httpConnectListen(
 }
 
 func (pxy *TCPMuxProxy) httpConnectRun() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
+	domains := pxy.buildDomains(pxy.cfg.CustomDomains, pxy.cfg.SubDomain)
+
 	addrs := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, domain := range pxy.cfg.CustomDomains {
-		if domain == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
+	for _, domain := range domains {
 		addrs, err = pxy.httpConnectListen(domain, pxy.cfg.RouteByHTTPUser, pxy.cfg.HTTPUser, pxy.cfg.HTTPPassword, addrs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
 	}
 
-	if pxy.cfg.SubDomain != "" {
-		addrs, err = pxy.httpConnectListen(pxy.cfg.SubDomain+"."+pxy.serverCfg.SubDomainHost,
-			pxy.cfg.RouteByHTTPUser, pxy.cfg.HTTPUser, pxy.cfg.HTTPPassword, addrs)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-	}
-
 	pxy.startCommonTCPListenersHandler()
 	remoteAddr = strings.Join(addrs, ",")
 	return remoteAddr, err

server/proxy/udp.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.UDPProxyConfig{}), NewUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.UDPProxyConfig](), NewUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type UDPProxy struct {

server/proxy/xtcp.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.XTCPProxyConfig{}), NewXTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.XTCPProxyConfig](), NewXTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type XTCPProxy struct {

server/service.go

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create vhost tcpMuxer error, %v", err)
 		}
-		log.Infof("tcpmux httpconnect multiplexer listen on %s, passthough: %v", address, cfg.TCPMuxPassthrough)
+		log.Infof("tcpmux httpconnect multiplexer listen on %s, passthrough: %v", address, cfg.TCPMuxPassthrough)
 	}
 
 	// Init all plugins
@@ -604,8 +604,18 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(ctlConn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login, inter
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// TODO(fatedier): use SessionContext
-	ctl, err := NewControl(ctx, svr.rc, svr.pxyManager, svr.pluginManager, authVerifier, svr.auth.EncryptionKey(), ctlConn, !internal, loginMsg, svr.cfg)
+	ctl, err := NewControl(ctx, &SessionContext{
+		RC:             svr.rc,
+		PxyManager:     svr.pxyManager,
+		PluginManager:  svr.pluginManager,
+		AuthVerifier:   authVerifier,
+		EncryptionKey:  svr.auth.EncryptionKey(),
+		Conn:           ctlConn,
+		ConnEncrypted:  !internal,
+		LoginMsg:       loginMsg,
+		ServerCfg:      svr.cfg,
+		ClientRegistry: svr.clientRegistry,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("create new controller error: %v", err)
 		// don't return detailed errors to client
@@ -626,7 +636,6 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(ctlConn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login, inter
 		ctl.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("client_id [%s] for user [%s] is already online", loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.User)
 	}
-	ctl.clientRegistry = svr.clientRegistry
 
 	ctl.Start()
 
@@ -652,9 +661,9 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterWorkConn(workConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn)
 	// server plugin hook
 	content := &plugin.NewWorkConnContent{
 		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
+			User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
+			Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
+			RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
 		},
 		NewWorkConn: *newMsg,
 	}
@@ -662,7 +671,7 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterWorkConn(workConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn)
 	if err == nil {
 		newMsg = &retContent.NewWorkConn
 		// Check auth.
-		err = ctl.authVerifier.VerifyNewWorkConn(newMsg)
+		err = ctl.sessionCtx.AuthVerifier.VerifyNewWorkConn(newMsg)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("invalid NewWorkConn with run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
@@ -683,7 +692,7 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterVisitorConn(visitorConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewVis
 		if !exist {
 			return fmt.Errorf("no client control found for run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
 		}
-		visitorUser = ctl.loginMsg.User
+		visitorUser = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User
 	}
 	return svr.rc.VisitorManager.NewConn(newMsg.ProxyName, visitorConn, newMsg.Timestamp, newMsg.SignKey,
 		newMsg.UseEncryption, newMsg.UseCompression, visitorUser)

test/e2e/framework/process.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package framework
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
@@ -20,9 +21,7 @@ func (f *Framework) RunProcesses(serverTemplates []string, clientTemplates []str
 	ExpectNoError(err)
 	ExpectTrue(len(templates) > 0)
 
-	for name, port := range ports {
-		f.usedPorts[name] = port
-	}
+	maps.Copy(f.usedPorts, ports)
 
 	currentServerProcesses := make([]*process.Process, 0, len(serverTemplates))
 	for i := range serverTemplates {

test/e2e/legacy/basic/basic.go

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose a %s echo server", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-				clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+				var clientConf strings.Builder
+				clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -78,10 +79,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			vhost_http_port = %d
 			`, vhostHTTPPort)
 
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -147,13 +149,13 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = test.proxyName + ".example.com"
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 						Explain(test.proxyName + "-" + domain).
@@ -185,7 +187,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			`, vhostHTTPSPort)
 
 			localPort := f.AllocPort()
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
 				[%s]
@@ -229,10 +232,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = test.proxyName + ".example.com"
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			tlsConfig, err := transport.NewServerTLSConfig("", "", "")
 			framework.ExpectNoError(err)
@@ -244,7 +247,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", localServer)
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 						Explain(test.proxyName + "-" + domain).
@@ -282,9 +285,12 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose echo server with %s", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-				clientServerConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1"
-				clientVisitorConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1"
-				clientUser2VisitorConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user2"
+				var clientServerConf strings.Builder
+				clientServerConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1")
+				var clientVisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientVisitorConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1")
+				var clientUser2VisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user2")
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -400,20 +406,20 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientServerConf += getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientServerConf.WriteString(getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					config := getProxyVisitorConf(
 						test.proxyName, test.bindPortName, test.visitorSK, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.visitorExtraConfig,
 					) + "\n"
 					if test.deployUser2Client {
-						clientUser2VisitorConf += config
+						clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					} else {
-						clientVisitorConf += config
+						clientVisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					}
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf, clientVisitorConf, clientUser2VisitorConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf.String(), clientVisitorConf.String(), clientUser2VisitorConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					timeout := time.Second
@@ -440,7 +446,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("TCPMUX", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Type tcpmux", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			tcpmuxHTTPConnectPortName := port.GenName("TCPMUX")
 			serverConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -483,14 +490,14 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 
 				localServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(f.AllocPort()), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte(test.proxyName)))
 				f.RunServer(port.GenName(test.proxyName), localServer)
 			}
 
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			// Request without HTTP connect should get error
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).

test/e2e/legacy/basic/server.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Server Manager]", func() {
 		tcpPortName := port.GenName("TCP", port.WithRangePorts(10000, 11000))
 		udpPortName := port.GenName("UDP", port.WithRangePorts(12000, 13000))
 		clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
-			[tcp-allowded-in-range]
+			[tcp-allowed-in-range]
 			type = tcp
 			local_port = {{ .%s }}
 			remote_port = {{ .%s }}

test/e2e/legacy/features/group.go

@@ -48,12 +48,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					return true
 				})
 		}
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-			wait.Add(1)
-			go func() {
-				defer wait.Done()
+		for range 10 {
+			wait.Go(func() {
 				expectFn()
-			}()
+			})
 		}
 
 		wait.Wait()
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).Port(remotePort).Ensure(func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					switch string(resp.Content) {
 					case "foo":
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			// check foo and bar is ok
 			results := []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			// close bar server, check foo is ok
 			barServer.Close()
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
 			}
 
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 			results = []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true

test/e2e/legacy/plugin/client.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
 
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("UnixDomainSocket", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Expose a unix domain socket echo server", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, portName string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -65,10 +67,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(f.PortByName(test.portName)).Ensure()

test/e2e/pkg/port/port.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (pa *Allocator) GetByName(portName string) int {
 	pa.mu.Lock()
 	defer pa.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+	for range 20 {
 		port := pa.getByRange(builder.rangePortFrom, builder.rangePortTo)
 		if port == 0 {
 			return 0

test/e2e/pkg/ssh/client.go

@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ func (c *TunnelClient) serveListener() {
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		go c.hanldeConn(conn)
+		go c.handleConn(conn)
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *TunnelClient) hanldeConn(conn net.Conn) {
+func (c *TunnelClient) handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
 	defer conn.Close()
 	local, err := net.Dial("tcp", c.localAddr)
 	if err != nil {

test/e2e/v1/basic/basic.go

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose a %s echo server", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-				clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+				var clientConf strings.Builder
+				clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			vhostHTTPPort = %d
 			`, vhostHTTPPort)
 
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = fmt.Sprintf(`["%s"]`, test.proxyName+".example.com")
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					domain = strings.TrimLeft(domain, "[\"")
 					domain = strings.TrimRight(domain, "]\"")
@@ -189,7 +191,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			`, vhostHTTPSPort)
 
 			localPort := f.AllocPort()
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
 				[[proxies]]
@@ -234,10 +237,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = fmt.Sprintf(`["%s"]`, test.proxyName+".example.com")
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			tlsConfig, err := transport.NewServerTLSConfig("", "", "")
 			framework.ExpectNoError(err)
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", localServer)
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					domain = strings.TrimLeft(domain, "[\"")
 					domain = strings.TrimRight(domain, "]\"")
@@ -289,9 +292,12 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose echo server with %s", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-				clientServerConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\""
-				clientVisitorConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\""
-				clientUser2VisitorConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user2\""
+				var clientServerConf strings.Builder
+				clientServerConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\"")
+				var clientVisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientVisitorConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\"")
+				var clientUser2VisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user2\"")
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -407,20 +413,20 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientServerConf += getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientServerConf.WriteString(getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					config := getProxyVisitorConf(
 						test.proxyName, test.bindPortName, test.visitorSK, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.visitorExtraConfig,
 					) + "\n"
 					if test.deployUser2Client {
-						clientUser2VisitorConf += config
+						clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					} else {
-						clientVisitorConf += config
+						clientVisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					}
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf, clientVisitorConf, clientUser2VisitorConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf.String(), clientVisitorConf.String(), clientUser2VisitorConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					timeout := time.Second
@@ -447,7 +453,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("TCPMUX", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Type tcpmux", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			tcpmuxHTTPConnectPortName := port.GenName("TCPMUX")
 			serverConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -491,14 +498,14 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 
 				localServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(f.AllocPort()), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte(test.proxyName)))
 				f.RunServer(port.GenName(test.proxyName), localServer)
 			}
 
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			// Request without HTTP connect should get error
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).

test/e2e/v1/basic/server.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Server Manager]", func() {
 		udpPortName := port.GenName("UDP", port.WithRangePorts(12000, 13000))
 		clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
 			[[proxies]]
-			name = "tcp-allowded-in-range"
+			name = "tcp-allowed-in-range"
 			type = "tcp"
 			localPort = {{ .%s }}
 			remotePort = {{ .%s }}

test/e2e/v1/features/group.go

@@ -50,12 +50,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					return true
 				})
 		}
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-			wait.Add(1)
-			go func() {
-				defer wait.Done()
+		for range 10 {
+			wait.Go(func() {
 				expectFn()
-			}()
+			})
 		}
 
 		wait.Wait()
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).Port(remotePort).Ensure(func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					switch string(resp.Content) {
 					case "foo":
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 					Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).
 					Port(vhostHTTPSPort).
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			// check foo and bar is ok
 			results := []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			// close bar server, check foo is ok
 			barServer.Close()
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
 			}
 
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 			results = []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true

test/e2e/v1/plugin/client.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("UnixDomainSocket", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Expose a unix domain socket echo server", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, portName string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -69,10 +71,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(f.PortByName(test.portName)).Ensure()