Merge pull request #5568 from fatedier/dev

Release v0.71.1

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-version: 2
+version: 2.1
 jobs:
   go-version-latest:
     docker:
-    - image: cimg/go:1.25-node
+    - image: cimg/go:1.26-node
     resource_class: large
     steps:
     - checkout
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ jobs:
           make env fmt
           git diff --exit-code
           make build
-    - run: make alltest
+    - run:
+        name: Run all tests
+        command: make alltest
 
 workflows:
-  version: 2
   build_and_test:
     jobs:
     - go-version-latest

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.25'
+        go-version: '1.26'
         cache: false
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       with:
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ jobs:
       uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
       with:
         # Optional: version of golangci-lint to use in form of v1.2 or v1.2.3 or `latest` to use the latest version
-        version: v2.11
+        version: v2.12.2

.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version: '1.25'
+          go-version: '1.26'
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: '22'

README.md

@@ -12,6 +12,26 @@ frp is an open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirel
 
 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=frp" target="_blank">
+    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_rapidproxy.png">
+    <br>
+    <b>High-performance residential and ISP proxies for developers</b>
+  </a>
+  <br>
+  <sub>90M+ residential IPs worldwide. Rotating IPs, sticky sessions, and traffic that never expires.</sub>
+  <br>
+  <sub>From $0.55/GB. Use RAPID10 for 10% off. Try it for free.</sub>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
+    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
+	<br>
+	<b>The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers</b>
+  </a>
+</p>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://github.com/beclab/Olares" target="_blank">
     <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_olares.jpeg">
@@ -32,13 +52,6 @@ an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and
 
 </div>
 
-<p align="center">
-  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
-    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
-	<br>
-	<b>The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers</b>
-  </a>
-</p>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->
 
 ## What is frp?

README_zh.md

@@ -14,6 +14,26 @@ frp 是一个完全开源的项目，我们的开发工作完全依靠赞助者
 
 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://www.rapidproxy.io/?ref=frp" target="_blank">
+    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_rapidproxy.png">
+    <br>
+    <b>High-performance residential and ISP proxies for developers</b>
+  </a>
+  <br>
+  <sub>90M+ residential IPs worldwide. Rotating IPs, sticky sessions, and traffic that never expires.</sub>
+  <br>
+  <sub>From $0.55/GB. Use RAPID10 for 10% off. Try it for free.</sub>
+</p>
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
+    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
+	<br>
+	<b>The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers</b>
+  </a>
+</p>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://github.com/beclab/Olares" target="_blank">
     <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_olares.jpeg">
@@ -34,13 +54,6 @@ an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and
 
 </div>
 
-<p align="center">
-  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
-    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
-	<br>
-	<b>The complete IDE crafted for professional Go developers</b>
-  </a>
-</p>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->
 
 ## 为什么使用 frp ？

Release.md

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-## Features
+## Improvements
 
-* UDP packet payloads for ordinary UDP proxies and SUDP now use a dedicated binary codec when frpc and frps successfully negotiate the capability under wire protocol v2, using a more compact wire representation. Wire protocol v1 remains JSON; wire protocol v2 falls back to JSON `UDPPacket` when the peer does not support or did not negotiate the capability.
+* Building frp from source now requires Go 1.26.0 or later.
 
 ## Fixes
 
-* Fixed a server panic and remote denial of service caused by a client sending a negative `pool_count`. Negative values are now rejected before work-connection pool resources are allocated.
-* Fixed `frpc verify` ignoring configured `featureGates`, which caused VirtualNet configurations to be rejected even when the feature was enabled.
-* Fixed a case-insensitive validation bypass that allowed `customDomains` under the configured `subDomainHost` to be registered using mixed-case domain names.
+* Updated dependencies to fix SSH tunnel gateway channel deadlocks and panics caused by malformed challenges from NTLM-authenticated HTTP proxies.
+* Fixed VirtualNet routing issues during reconnection and shutdown, and excessive retries after repeated connection failures.
+* Health checks now reset the failure count after success, so `healthCheck.maxFailed` applies to consecutive failures.
+* Fixed control connections getting stuck after message write failures, which could block reconnection.
+* Fixed incorrect daily traffic statistics around daylight-saving transitions and skipped local midnights.
+* Fixed early-data loss in HTTP virtual-host CONNECT tunnels. Requests with a positive content length or transfer encoding now return HTTP 400.
+* Fixed work connections remaining open when server-side bandwidth limiting is enabled for TCP, HTTP, and UDP proxies.

client/connector.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	libnet "github.com/fatedier/golib/net"
-	fmux "github.com/hashicorp/yamux"
+	fmux "github.com/fatedier/yamux"
 	quic "github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/samber/lo"
 

client/health/health.go

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ import (
 
 var ErrHealthCheckType = errors.New("error health check type")
 
+func newHealthTimer(interval time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func()) {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(interval)
+	return timer.C, func() { timer.Stop() }
+}
+
 type Monitor struct {
 	checkType      string
 	interval       time.Duration
@@ -49,6 +54,9 @@ type Monitor struct {
 
 	ctx    context.Context
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	doneCh chan struct{}
+
+	timerFactory func(time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func())
 }
 
 func NewMonitor(ctx context.Context, cfg v1.HealthCheckConfig, addr string,
@@ -91,6 +99,8 @@ func NewMonitor(ctx context.Context, cfg v1.HealthCheckConfig, addr string,
 		statusFailedFn: statusFailedFn,
 		ctx:            newctx,
 		cancel:         cancel,
+		doneCh:         make(chan struct{}),
+		timerFactory:   newHealthTimer,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -102,39 +112,66 @@ func (monitor *Monitor) Stop() {
 	monitor.cancel()
 }
 
+// Done is closed when the worker launched by Start has exited.
+func (monitor *Monitor) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return monitor.doneCh
+}
+
 func (monitor *Monitor) checkWorker() {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(monitor.ctx)
+	defer close(monitor.doneCh)
+
 	for {
+		if monitor.ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
 		doCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(monitor.ctx, time.Now().Add(monitor.timeout))
 		err := monitor.doCheck(doCtx)
+		cancel()
 
 		// check if this monitor has been closed
-		select {
-		case <-monitor.ctx.Done():
-			cancel()
+		if monitor.ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return
-		default:
-			cancel()
 		}
+		monitor.handleCheckResult(err)
 
-		if err == nil {
-			xl.Tracef("do one health check success")
-			if !monitor.statusOK && monitor.statusNormalFn != nil {
-				xl.Infof("health check status change to success")
-				monitor.statusOK = true
-				monitor.statusNormalFn()
-			}
-		} else {
-			xl.Warnf("do one health check failed: %v", err)
-			monitor.failedTimes++
-			if monitor.statusOK && int(monitor.failedTimes) >= monitor.maxFailedTimes && monitor.statusFailedFn != nil {
-				xl.Warnf("health check status change to failed")
-				monitor.statusOK = false
-				monitor.statusFailedFn()
-			}
+		if !monitor.waitForNextCheck() {
+			return
 		}
+	}
+}
 
-		time.Sleep(monitor.interval)
+func (monitor *Monitor) handleCheckResult(err error) {
+	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(monitor.ctx)
+	if err == nil {
+		xl.Tracef("do one health check success")
+		monitor.failedTimes = 0
+		if !monitor.statusOK && monitor.statusNormalFn != nil {
+			xl.Infof("health check status change to success")
+			monitor.statusOK = true
+			monitor.statusNormalFn()
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	xl.Warnf("do one health check failed: %v", err)
+	monitor.failedTimes++
+	if monitor.statusOK && int(monitor.failedTimes) >= monitor.maxFailedTimes && monitor.statusFailedFn != nil {
+		xl.Warnf("health check status change to failed")
+		monitor.statusOK = false
+		monitor.statusFailedFn()
+	}
+}
+
+func (monitor *Monitor) waitForNextCheck() bool {
+	timerC, stopTimer := monitor.timerFactory(monitor.interval)
+	defer stopTimer()
+
+	select {
+	case <-monitor.ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-timerC:
+		return monitor.ctx.Err() == nil
 	}
 }
 

client/health/health_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package health
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+)
+
+type tcpHealthBackend struct {
+	listener net.Listener
+	accepted chan struct{}
+	done     chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newTCPHealthBackend(t *testing.T, addr string, accepted chan struct{}) *tcpHealthBackend {
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	backend := &tcpHealthBackend{
+		listener: listener,
+		accepted: accepted,
+		done:     make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	go func() {
+		defer close(backend.done)
+		for {
+			conn, err := backend.listener.Accept()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			_ = conn.Close()
+			select {
+			case backend.accepted <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return backend
+}
+
+func (backend *tcpHealthBackend) Close() {
+	_ = backend.listener.Close()
+	<-backend.done
+}
+
+func TestMonitorConsecutiveFailureWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		setup func(*testing.T, func(), func()) (*Monitor, func(bool))
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "HTTP",
+			setup: func(t *testing.T, normalFn, failedFn func()) (*Monitor, func(bool)) {
+				var healthy atomic.Bool
+				healthy.Store(true)
+				server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+					if !healthy.Load() {
+						w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+					}
+				}))
+				t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+				monitor := NewMonitor(
+					context.Background(),
+					v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+						Type:            "http",
+						Path:            "/health",
+						TimeoutSeconds:  1,
+						IntervalSeconds: 1,
+						MaxFailed:       3,
+					},
+					strings.TrimPrefix(server.URL, "http://"),
+					normalFn,
+					failedFn,
+				)
+				return monitor, healthy.Store
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TCP",
+			setup: func(t *testing.T, normalFn, failedFn func()) (*Monitor, func(bool)) {
+				listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				t.Cleanup(func() { _ = listener.Close() })
+				go func() {
+					for {
+						conn, err := listener.Accept()
+						if err != nil {
+							return
+						}
+						_ = conn.Close()
+					}
+				}()
+
+				monitor := NewMonitor(
+					context.Background(),
+					v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+						Type:            "tcp",
+						TimeoutSeconds:  1,
+						IntervalSeconds: 1,
+						MaxFailed:       3,
+					},
+					listener.Addr().String(),
+					normalFn,
+					failedFn,
+				)
+				healthyAddr := monitor.addr
+				return monitor, func(healthy bool) {
+					if healthy {
+						monitor.addr = healthyAddr
+					} else {
+						monitor.addr = "127.0.0.1:0"
+					}
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var events []string
+			monitor, setHealthy := test.setup(
+				t,
+				func() { events = append(events, "normal") },
+				func() { events = append(events, "failed") },
+			)
+			t.Cleanup(monitor.Stop)
+
+			runCheck := func(healthy bool) {
+				t.Helper()
+				setHealthy(healthy)
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(monitor.ctx, time.Second)
+				err := monitor.doCheck(ctx)
+				cancel()
+				if healthy {
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+				} else {
+					require.Error(t, err)
+				}
+				monitor.handleCheckResult(err)
+			}
+
+			runCheck(true)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Zero(t, monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal"}, events)
+
+			runCheck(false)
+			runCheck(false)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(2), monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal"}, events)
+
+			runCheck(true)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Zero(t, monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal"}, events)
+
+			runCheck(false)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(1), monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal"}, events)
+
+			runCheck(false)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(2), monitor.failedTimes)
+
+			runCheck(false)
+			require.False(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Equal(t, uint64(3), monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal", "failed"}, events)
+
+			runCheck(true)
+			require.True(t, monitor.statusOK)
+			require.Zero(t, monitor.failedTimes)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"normal", "failed", "normal"}, events)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type workerStatus struct {
+	failedTimes uint64
+	statusOK    bool
+}
+
+type workerInterval struct {
+	status workerStatus
+	timer  chan time.Time
+}
+
+func observeWorkerIntervals(monitor *Monitor) <-chan workerInterval {
+	intervals := make(chan workerInterval, 1)
+	monitor.timerFactory = func(time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func()) {
+		timer := make(chan time.Time, 1)
+		// The worker takes this snapshot after handleCheckResult. Sending it
+		// publishes the state to the test; no test goroutine reads live fields.
+		interval := workerInterval{
+			status: workerStatus{failedTimes: monitor.failedTimes, statusOK: monitor.statusOK},
+			timer:  timer,
+		}
+		select {
+		case intervals <- interval:
+		case <-monitor.ctx.Done():
+		}
+		return timer, func() {}
+	}
+	return intervals
+}
+
+func awaitWorkerInterval(t *testing.T, intervals <-chan workerInterval, want workerStatus) chan time.Time {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case interval := <-intervals:
+		require.Equal(t, want, interval.status)
+		return interval.timer
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("health worker did not reach the interval barrier")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func stopMonitorWorker(t *testing.T, monitor *Monitor) {
+	t.Helper()
+	monitor.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-monitor.Done():
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Error("health worker did not exit after Stop")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMonitorWorkerProcessesResults(t *testing.T) {
+	requestReady := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	responses := make(chan int)
+	requestCanceled := make(chan struct{})
+	var cancelOnce sync.Once
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		select {
+		case requestReady <- struct{}{}:
+		case <-r.Context().Done():
+			return
+		}
+		select {
+		case code := <-responses:
+			w.WriteHeader(code)
+		case <-r.Context().Done():
+			cancelOnce.Do(func() { close(requestCanceled) })
+		}
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+	events := make(chan string, 3)
+	monitor := NewMonitor(
+		context.Background(),
+		v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+			Type:           "http",
+			Path:           "/health",
+			TimeoutSeconds: 5,
+			MaxFailed:      3,
+		},
+		strings.TrimPrefix(server.URL, "http://"),
+		func() { events <- "normal" },
+		func() { events <- "failed" },
+	)
+	intervals := observeWorkerIntervals(monitor)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor) })
+
+	awaitRequest := func() {
+		t.Helper()
+		select {
+		case <-requestReady:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("health check request did not start")
+		}
+	}
+	awaitEvent := func(want string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		select {
+		case got := <-events:
+			require.Equal(t, want, got)
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("health check callback %q was not called", want)
+		}
+	}
+	checkResult := func(code int, want workerStatus, event string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		awaitRequest()
+		select {
+		case responses <- code:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("health check handler did not accept the response")
+		}
+		timer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, want)
+		if event != "" {
+			awaitEvent(event)
+		}
+		// The worker has finished this result and cannot emit another
+		// callback until the test releases the next check.
+		select {
+		case got := <-events:
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected health check callback %q", got)
+		default:
+		}
+		timer <- time.Now()
+	}
+
+	monitor.Start()
+	checkResult(http.StatusOK, workerStatus{statusOK: true}, "normal")
+	checkResult(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, workerStatus{failedTimes: 1, statusOK: true}, "")
+	checkResult(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, workerStatus{failedTimes: 2, statusOK: true}, "")
+	checkResult(http.StatusOK, workerStatus{statusOK: true}, "")
+	checkResult(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, workerStatus{failedTimes: 1, statusOK: true}, "")
+	checkResult(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, workerStatus{failedTimes: 2, statusOK: true}, "")
+	checkResult(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, workerStatus{failedTimes: 3}, "failed")
+	checkResult(http.StatusOK, workerStatus{statusOK: true}, "normal")
+
+	awaitRequest()
+	stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor)
+	select {
+	case <-requestCanceled:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("health check request context was not canceled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMonitorTCPWorkerProcessesResults(t *testing.T) {
+	initialAccepted := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	initialBackend := newTCPHealthBackend(t, "127.0.0.1:0", initialAccepted)
+	addr := initialBackend.listener.Addr().String()
+	recoveryAccepted := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+
+	normalCallbacks := make(chan workerStatus, 2)
+	failedCallbacks := make(chan workerStatus, 2)
+	var monitor *Monitor
+	monitor = NewMonitor(
+		context.Background(),
+		v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+			Type:           "tcp",
+			TimeoutSeconds: 1,
+			MaxFailed:      3,
+		},
+		addr,
+		func() {
+			normalCallbacks <- workerStatus{failedTimes: monitor.failedTimes, statusOK: monitor.statusOK}
+		},
+		func() {
+			failedCallbacks <- workerStatus{failedTimes: monitor.failedTimes, statusOK: monitor.statusOK}
+		},
+	)
+	intervals := observeWorkerIntervals(monitor)
+	recoveryBackend := (*tcpHealthBackend)(nil)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor)
+		initialBackend.Close()
+		if recoveryBackend != nil {
+			recoveryBackend.Close()
+		}
+	})
+
+	awaitStatus := func(ch <-chan workerStatus, want workerStatus, message string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		select {
+		case got := <-ch:
+			require.Equal(t, want, got)
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal(message)
+		}
+	}
+
+	monitor.Start()
+	select {
+	case <-initialAccepted:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TCP health check did not reach the initial backend")
+	}
+	awaitStatus(normalCallbacks, workerStatus{failedTimes: 0, statusOK: true}, "TCP worker did not report the initial success")
+
+	initialTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{statusOK: true})
+	initialBackend.Close()
+	initialTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	firstFailureTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{failedTimes: 1, statusOK: true})
+	firstFailureTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	secondFailureTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{failedTimes: 2, statusOK: true})
+	secondFailureTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	awaitStatus(failedCallbacks, workerStatus{failedTimes: 3, statusOK: false}, "TCP worker did not report the third failed health check")
+	thirdFailureTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{failedTimes: 3})
+
+	recoveryBackend = newTCPHealthBackend(t, addr, recoveryAccepted)
+	thirdFailureTimer <- time.Now()
+	select {
+	case <-recoveryAccepted:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TCP health check did not reach the recovery backend")
+	}
+	awaitStatus(normalCallbacks, workerStatus{failedTimes: 0, statusOK: true}, "TCP worker did not report recovery")
+
+	recoveryTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{statusOK: true})
+	recoveryBackend.Close()
+	recoveryTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	firstRecoveryFailureTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{failedTimes: 1, statusOK: true})
+	firstRecoveryFailureTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	secondRecoveryFailureTimer := awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{failedTimes: 2, statusOK: true})
+	secondRecoveryFailureTimer <- time.Now()
+
+	awaitStatus(failedCallbacks, workerStatus{failedTimes: 3, statusOK: false}, "TCP worker did not report the third failed health check after recovery")
+	stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor)
+}
+
+func TestMonitorMaxFailedOne(t *testing.T) {
+	var events []string
+	monitor := NewMonitor(
+		context.Background(),
+		v1.HealthCheckConfig{Type: "tcp", MaxFailed: 1},
+		"",
+		func() { events = append(events, "normal") },
+		func() { events = append(events, "failed") },
+	)
+	t.Cleanup(monitor.Stop)
+
+	checkErr := errors.New("health check failed")
+	monitor.handleCheckResult(nil)
+	monitor.handleCheckResult(checkErr)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"normal", "failed"}, events)
+	require.False(t, monitor.statusOK)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), monitor.failedTimes)
+
+	monitor.handleCheckResult(checkErr)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"normal", "failed"}, events)
+
+	monitor.handleCheckResult(nil)
+	monitor.handleCheckResult(checkErr)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"normal", "failed", "normal", "failed"}, events)
+}
+
+func TestMonitorStopCancelsWork(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("in-flight check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		requestStarted := make(chan struct{})
+		requestCanceled := make(chan struct{})
+		server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			close(requestStarted)
+			<-r.Context().Done()
+			close(requestCanceled)
+		}))
+		t.Cleanup(server.Close)
+
+		monitor := NewMonitor(
+			context.Background(),
+			v1.HealthCheckConfig{Type: "http", Path: "/health"},
+			strings.TrimPrefix(server.URL, "http://"),
+			func() {},
+			func() {},
+		)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor) })
+		monitor.Start()
+
+		select {
+		case <-requestStarted:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("health check request did not start")
+		}
+		stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor)
+		select {
+		case <-requestCanceled:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("health check request context was not canceled")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("interval wait", func(t *testing.T) {
+		monitor := NewMonitor(context.Background(), v1.HealthCheckConfig{Type: "tcp"}, "", nil, nil)
+		intervals := observeWorkerIntervals(monitor)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor) })
+		monitor.Start()
+
+		// A real worker has completed its first check and installed a timer
+		// that will never fire. Stop must release the wait and exit the loop.
+		awaitWorkerInterval(t, intervals, workerStatus{})
+		stopMonitorWorker(t, monitor)
+	})
+}
+
+type gatedErrContext struct {
+	context.Context
+	errCalled  chan struct{}
+	releaseErr chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (ctx *gatedErrContext) Err() error {
+	select {
+	case ctx.errCalled <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	<-ctx.releaseErr
+	return ctx.Context.Err()
+}
+
+func TestMonitorTimerCancellationAfterTimerFires(t *testing.T) {
+	baseCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx := &gatedErrContext{
+		Context:    baseCtx,
+		errCalled:  make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		releaseErr: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	monitor := NewMonitor(
+		context.Background(),
+		v1.HealthCheckConfig{Type: "tcp"},
+		"",
+		nil,
+		nil,
+	)
+	monitor.ctx = ctx
+	monitor.cancel = cancel
+
+	timerReady := make(chan time.Time, 1)
+	timerReady <- time.Now()
+	var timerStopped atomic.Bool
+	monitor.timerFactory = func(time.Duration) (<-chan time.Time, func()) {
+		return timerReady, func() { timerStopped.Store(true) }
+	}
+
+	waitResult := make(chan bool, 1)
+	go func() {
+		waitResult <- monitor.waitForNextCheck()
+	}()
+
+	// ctx.Done is not ready when select runs, so receiving timerReady is the
+	// only possible branch. Err signals after that receive and blocks until the
+	// test cancels the context, deterministically exercising the cancellation
+	// re-check in the timer branch.
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.errCalled:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timer branch did not re-check the monitor context")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	close(ctx.releaseErr)
+
+	select {
+	case shouldContinue := <-waitResult:
+		require.False(t, shouldContinue)
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timer wait did not observe context cancellation")
+	}
+	require.True(t, timerStopped.Load())
+}

client/proxy/proxy_wrapper.go

@@ -267,8 +267,9 @@ func (pw *Wrapper) InWorkConn(workConn net.Conn, m *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 	xl := pw.xl
 	pw.mu.RLock()
 	pxy := pw.pxy
+	running := pw.Phase == ProxyPhaseRunning
 	pw.mu.RUnlock()
-	if pxy != nil && pw.Phase == ProxyPhaseRunning {
+	if pxy != nil && running {
 		xl.Debugf("start a new work connection, localAddr: %s remoteAddr: %s", workConn.LocalAddr().String(), workConn.RemoteAddr().String())
 		go pxy.InWorkConn(workConn, m)
 	} else {

client/proxy/proxy_wrapper_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//go:build !frps
+
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
+)
+
+type closingWorkProxy struct {
+	Proxy
+	accepted atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func (p *closingWorkProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
+	p.accepted.Add(1)
+	_ = conn.Close()
+}
+
+func assertWrapperWorkConnClosed(t *testing.T, pw *Wrapper) {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn, peer := net.Pipe()
+	defer conn.Close()
+	defer peer.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, peer.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second)))
+	pw.InWorkConn(conn, &msg.StartWorkConn{})
+	_, err := peer.Read(make([]byte, 1))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF)
+}
+
+func TestWrapperInWorkConnPhaseSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	pxy := &closingWorkProxy{}
+	pw := &Wrapper{pxy: pxy, xl: xlog.New()}
+	for _, phase := range []string{ProxyPhaseNew, ProxyPhaseWaitStart, ProxyPhaseStartErr, ProxyPhaseCheckFailed, ProxyPhaseClosed} {
+		pw.Phase = phase
+		assertWrapperWorkConnClosed(t, pw)
+	}
+	require.Zero(t, pxy.accepted.Load(), "inactive proxy received a work connection")
+	pw.Phase = ProxyPhaseRunning
+	pw.pxy = nil
+	assertWrapperWorkConnClosed(t, pw)
+	pw.pxy = pxy
+	assertWrapperWorkConnClosed(t, pw)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), pxy.accepted.Load())
+
+	start, done := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		<-start
+		for range 20000 {
+			pw.mu.Lock()
+			pw.Phase = ProxyPhaseRunning
+			pw.mu.Unlock()
+			pw.mu.Lock()
+			pw.Phase = ProxyPhaseClosed
+			pw.mu.Unlock()
+		}
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	close(start)
+	for range 10000 {
+		assertWrapperWorkConnClosed(t, pw)
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("phase writer did not finish")
+	}
+}

client/proxy/xtcp.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
 
-	fmux "github.com/hashicorp/yamux"
+	fmux "github.com/fatedier/yamux"
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"

client/service.go

@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ type Service struct {
 	ctx context.Context
 	// call cancel to stop service
 	cancel context.CancelCauseFunc
+	// Protect cancel publication and shutdown before the first Run.
+	lifecycleMu sync.Mutex
+	closed      bool
 
 	connectorCreator func(context.Context, *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector
 	handleWorkConnCb func(*v1.ProxyBaseConfig, net.Conn, *msg.StartWorkConn) bool
@@ -225,8 +228,20 @@ func NewService(options ServiceOptions) (*Service, error) {
 
 func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(ctx)
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	if svr.closed {
+		svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+		cancel(nil)
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
 	svr.ctx = xlog.NewContext(ctx, xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx))
 	svr.cancel = cancel
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	defer cancel(nil)
+	defer svr.stop()
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// set custom DNSServer
 	if svr.common.DNSServer != "" {
@@ -237,7 +252,6 @@ func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		vnetController := svr.vnetController
 		if err := svr.vnetController.Init(); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("init virtual network controller error: %v", err)
-			svr.stop()
 			return err
 		}
 		go func() {
@@ -263,19 +277,25 @@ func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if svr.ctl == nil {
 		cancelCause := cancelErr{}
 		_ = errors.As(context.Cause(svr.ctx), &cancelCause)
-		svr.stop()
 		return fmt.Errorf("login to the server failed: %v. With loginFailExit enabled, no additional retries will be attempted", cancelCause.Err)
 	}
 
 	go svr.keepControllerWorking()
 
 	<-svr.ctx.Done()
-	svr.stop()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (svr *Service) keepControllerWorking() {
-	<-svr.ctl.Done()
+	// ctl is swapped under ctlMu in loopLoginUntilSuccess / stop; take a
+	// snapshot before waiting so stop's nil write does not race this read.
+	svr.ctlMu.RLock()
+	ctl := svr.ctl
+	svr.ctlMu.RUnlock()
+	if ctl == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	<-ctl.Done()
 
 	// There is a situation where the login is successful but due to certain reasons,
 	// the control immediately exits. It is necessary to limit the frequency of reconnection in this case.
@@ -285,8 +305,11 @@ func (svr *Service) keepControllerWorking() {
 		// loopLoginUntilSuccess is another layer of loop that will continuously attempt to
 		// login to the server until successful.
 		svr.loopLoginUntilSuccess(20*time.Second, false)
-		if svr.ctl != nil {
-			<-svr.ctl.Done()
+		svr.ctlMu.RLock()
+		ctl := svr.ctl
+		svr.ctlMu.RUnlock()
+		if ctl != nil {
+			<-ctl.Done()
 			return false, errors.New("control is closed and try another loop")
 		}
 		// If the control is nil, it means that the login failed and the service is also closed.
@@ -377,7 +400,7 @@ func (svr *Service) UpdateAllConfigurer(proxyCfgs []v1.ProxyConfigurer, visitorC
 	svr.ctlMu.RUnlock()
 
 	if ctl != nil {
-		return svr.ctl.UpdateAllConfigurer(proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs)
+		return ctl.UpdateAllConfigurer(proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -417,7 +440,20 @@ func (svr *Service) Close() {
 
 func (svr *Service) GracefulClose(d time.Duration) {
 	svr.gracefulShutdownDuration.Store(int64(d))
-	svr.cancel(nil)
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	if svr.closed {
+		svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	svr.closed = true
+	cancel := svr.cancel
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if cancel != nil {
+		// Once Run has claimed startup, it also owns cleanup.
+		cancel(nil)
+	} else {
+		svr.stop()
+	}
 }
 
 func (svr *Service) stop() {

client/service_lifecycle_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/source"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1/validation"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+)
+
+func newLifecycleTestService(t *testing.T, creator func(context.Context, *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector) (*Service, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	svr, err := NewService(ServiceOptions{
+		Common: &v1.ClientCommonConfig{
+			LoginFailExit: new(false),
+			WebServer:     v1.WebServerConfig{Addr: "127.0.0.1", Port: getFreeTCPPort(t)},
+		},
+		ConfigSourceAggregator: source.NewAggregator(source.NewConfigSource()),
+		ConnectorCreator:       creator,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = validation.NewConfigValidator(nil).ValidateClientCommonConfig(svr.common)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	address := svr.webServer.Address()
+	assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, false)
+	return svr, address
+}
+
+func assertLifecycleAdminPort(t *testing.T, address string, released bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", address)
+	if ln != nil {
+		_ = ln.Close()
+	}
+	if released {
+		require.NoError(t, err, "admin listener was not released")
+	} else {
+		require.Error(t, err, "admin listener was not bound")
+	}
+}
+
+func waitLifecycleSignal(t *testing.T, done <-chan struct{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("service lifecycle operation did not finish")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceRunAfterEarlyShutdown(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"close before Run", "parent already cancelled"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var attempts atomic.Int64
+			svr, address := newLifecycleTestService(t, func(context.Context, *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector {
+				attempts.Add(1)
+				return &failingConnector{err: net.ErrClosed}
+			})
+			// Detect startup's global DNS side effect without making DNS requests.
+			resolver := net.DefaultResolver
+			t.Cleanup(func() { net.DefaultResolver = resolver })
+			svr.common.DNSServer = "127.0.0.1:53"
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			if mode == "close before Run" {
+				svr.Close()
+				assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, true)
+			} else {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			done := make(chan struct{})
+			var runErr error
+			go func() {
+				runErr = svr.Run(ctx)
+				close(done)
+			}()
+			waitLifecycleSignal(t, done)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, runErr, context.Canceled)
+			require.Zero(t, attempts.Load(), "closed service attempted login")
+			require.Same(t, resolver, net.DefaultResolver, "closed service changed DNS")
+			assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, true)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceStartupShutdownLeavesCleanupToRun(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"Close", "parent cancellation"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			entered, resume := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+			svr, address := newLifecycleTestService(t, func(ctx context.Context, _ *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector {
+				close(entered)
+				<-resume
+				return &failingConnector{err: ctx.Err()}
+			})
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			defer close(resume)
+			runDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() { _ = svr.Run(ctx); close(runDone) }()
+			waitLifecycleSignal(t, entered)
+			closeDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				if mode == "Close" {
+					svr.Close()
+				} else {
+					cancel()
+				}
+				close(closeDone)
+			}()
+			waitLifecycleSignal(t, closeDone)
+			select {
+			case <-runDone:
+				t.Fatal("Run exited while startup still owned its resources")
+			default:
+			}
+			assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, false)
+			resume <- struct{}{}
+			waitLifecycleSignal(t, runDone)
+			assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, true)
+			require.ErrorIs(t, svr.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceShutdownAfterLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"Close", "parent cancellation"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			clientConn, serverConn := net.Pipe()
+			defer clientConn.Close()
+			defer serverConn.Close()
+			connector := &testConnector{conn: clientConn}
+			svr, address := newLifecycleTestService(t, func(context.Context, *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector {
+				return connector
+			})
+			defer svr.Close()
+			peerDone := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				rw := msg.NewV1ReadWriter(serverConn)
+				var login msg.Login
+				if err := rw.ReadMsgInto(&login); err != nil {
+					peerDone <- err
+					return
+				}
+				if err := rw.WriteMsg(&msg.LoginResp{RunID: "lifecycle-test"}); err != nil {
+					peerDone <- err
+					return
+				}
+				_, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, serverConn)
+				peerDone <- err
+			}()
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			runDone := make(chan struct{})
+			var runErr error
+			go func() { runErr = svr.Run(ctx); close(runDone) }()
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				svr.ctlMu.RLock()
+				defer svr.ctlMu.RUnlock()
+				return svr.ctl != nil
+			}, 3*time.Second, time.Millisecond, "login did not establish control")
+			if mode == "Close" {
+				svr.Close()
+			} else {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			waitLifecycleSignal(t, runDone)
+			require.NoError(t, runErr)
+			require.True(t, connector.closed.Load())
+			select {
+			case err := <-peerDone:
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("control connection was not released")
+			}
+			assertLifecycleAdminPort(t, address, true)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/service_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/samber/lo"
-
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/source"
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 )
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ func TestRunStopsStartedComponentsOnInitialLoginFailure(t *testing.T) {
 
 	svr, err := NewService(ServiceOptions{
 		Common: &v1.ClientCommonConfig{
-			LoginFailExit: lo.ToPtr(true),
+			LoginFailExit: new(true),
 			WebServer: v1.WebServerConfig{
 				Addr: "127.0.0.1",
 				Port: port,

client/visitor/xtcp.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
-	fmux "github.com/hashicorp/yamux"
+	fmux "github.com/fatedier/yamux"
 	quic "github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
 

dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frpc

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RUN npm install
 WORKDIR /web/frpc
 RUN npm run build
 
-FROM golang:1.25 AS building
+FROM golang:1.26 AS building
 
 COPY . /building
 COPY --from=web-builder /web/frpc/dist /building/web/frpc/dist

dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frps

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RUN npm install
 WORKDIR /web/frps
 RUN npm run build
 
-FROM golang:1.25 AS building
+FROM golang:1.26 AS building
 
 COPY . /building
 COPY --from=web-builder /web/frps/dist /building/web/frps/dist

go.mod

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 module github.com/fatedier/frp
 
-go 1.25.0
+go 1.26.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0
 	github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.2
+	github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.2.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/yamux v0.1.1
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4
 	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.17.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
 	github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.56.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.57.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ require (
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/tjfoc/gmsm v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.48.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
@@ -73,6 +73,3 @@ require (
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 // indirect
 )
-
-// TODO(fatedier): Temporary use the modified version, update to the official version after merging into the official repository.
-replace github.com/hashicorp/yamux => github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6

go.sum

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 h1:DjFo6YtWzNqNvQdrwEyr/e4nhU3vRiwenz5QX7sFz+A=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0/go.mod h1:NYqdhxd/8aAct/s4qSYZEerdPuH1liG2/X9DiVTbhpk=
+github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1 h1:l+FM/EEMb0U9QZE7mKNEDw5Mu3mFiaa2GKOoTSsNDPw=
+github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.1/go.mod h1:NYqdhxd/8aAct/s4qSYZEerdPuH1liG2/X9DiVTbhpk=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5 h1:0CwZNZbxp69SHPdPJAN/hZIm0C4OItdklCFmMRWYpio=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1m
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.2 h1:02n2Dg7KJ7rR7p7n4/6hBUjaLQf2J7EiHYZQsgGTvww=
 github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.2/go.mod h1:ArUGvPg2cOw/py2RAuBt46nNZH2VQ5Z70p109MAZpJw=
-github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6 h1:u92UUy6FURPmNsMBUuongRWC0rBqN6gd01Dzu+D21NE=
-github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6/go.mod h1:c5/tk6G0dSpXGzJN7Wk1OEie8grdSJAmeawId9Zvd34=
+github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.2.0 h1:H+2A9iBVh7aJlEOc1Ws1FXWOaecBf2nRv9zpFMPUWg8=
+github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.2.0/go.mod h1:d4FtRDrC9sHvRpiDL6J5EnfjLhqzZZplHe5yToSn2Ac=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 h1:moDMcTHmvE6Groj34emNPLs/qtYXRVcd6S7NHbHz3kA=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2/go.mod h1:wLlUxC2vVTPTaE3UD51E0BGOAElKrILxhVSDYQLld5o=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201012173705-84dcc777aaee/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.56.0 h1:GUh5Ii4J5jtcseSMiRqr1jXCNHoxjeV9Fmekc2oLy6Y=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.56.0/go.mod h1:OMW5y6CY9l38uPLmxU6l6pwcXp1obtLo3e6gT7gQR2I=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190213061140-3a22650c66bd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73r
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201010224723-4f7140c49acb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 h1:Rw8j/hFzGvJUZwNBXnAtf5sVDVt+65SK2C7IxCxZt5o=
-golang.org/x/net v0.56.0/go.mod h1:D3Ku6r+V6JROoZK144D2XfMHFcMq/0zSfLelVTCFKec=
+golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 h1:K5+3DljvIuDG9/Jv9rvyMywYNFCQ9RSUY6OOTTkT+tE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.57.0/go.mod h1:KpXc8iv+r3XplLAG/f7Jsf9RPszJzdR0f58q9vGOuEU=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
 golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 h1:Ub2Z6/xjgF1WrYQz2nuITOEegKFtiIy+rieRJ5lHZKs=
-golang.org/x/text v0.40.0/go.mod h1:hpnzDAfGV753zIKo+wk3u1bVKCGPbrnF7+7LBF/UHVY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 h1:3usCWA8tQn0L8+hFJQNgzpWbd89begxN66o1Ojdn5L4=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGm
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190524140312-2c0ae7006135/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 h1:7Kn5x/d1svx/PzryTsqeoZN4TZwqeH5pGWjefhLi/1Q=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0/go.mod h1:dFHnyTvFWY212G+h7ZY4Vsp/K3U4/7W9TyVaAul8uCA=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.48.0 h1:3+hClM1aLL5mjMKm5ovokw9epgRXPuu2tILgismM6RE=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.48.0/go.mod h1:08xX0orndb/F7jJxGDicx061tyd5pcMto75YMAXr6lk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=

pkg/config/legacy/conversion.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ package legacy
 import (
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/samber/lo"
-
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/types"
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 )
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ func Convert_ClientCommonConf_To_v1(conf *ClientCommonConf) *v1.ClientCommonConf
 	out.Transport.ConnectServerLocalIP = conf.ConnectServerLocalIP
 	out.Transport.ProxyURL = conf.HTTPProxy
 	out.Transport.PoolCount = conf.PoolCount
-	out.Transport.TCPMux = lo.ToPtr(conf.TCPMux)
+	out.Transport.TCPMux = new(conf.TCPMux)
 	out.Transport.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval = conf.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval
 	out.Transport.Protocol = conf.Protocol
 	out.Transport.HeartbeatInterval = conf.HeartbeatInterval
@@ -57,8 +55,8 @@ func Convert_ClientCommonConf_To_v1(conf *ClientCommonConf) *v1.ClientCommonConf
 	out.Transport.QUIC.KeepalivePeriod = conf.QUICKeepalivePeriod
 	out.Transport.QUIC.MaxIdleTimeout = conf.QUICMaxIdleTimeout
 	out.Transport.QUIC.MaxIncomingStreams = conf.QUICMaxIncomingStreams
-	out.Transport.TLS.Enable = lo.ToPtr(conf.TLSEnable)
-	out.Transport.TLS.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte = lo.ToPtr(conf.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte)
+	out.Transport.TLS.Enable = new(conf.TLSEnable)
+	out.Transport.TLS.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte = new(conf.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte)
 	out.Transport.TLS.CertFile = conf.TLSCertFile
 	out.Transport.TLS.KeyFile = conf.TLSKeyFile
 	out.Transport.TLS.TrustedCaFile = conf.TLSTrustedCaFile
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ func Convert_ClientCommonConf_To_v1(conf *ClientCommonConf) *v1.ClientCommonConf
 	out.WebServer.PprofEnable = conf.PprofEnable
 
 	out.DNSServer = conf.DNSServer
-	out.LoginFailExit = lo.ToPtr(conf.LoginFailExit)
+	out.LoginFailExit = new(conf.LoginFailExit)
 	out.Start = conf.Start
 	out.UDPPacketSize = conf.UDPPacketSize
 	out.Metadatas = conf.Metas
@@ -134,14 +132,14 @@ func Convert_ServerCommonConf_To_v1(conf *ServerCommonConf) *v1.ServerConfig {
 	out.Log.MaxDays = conf.LogMaxDays
 	out.Log.DisablePrintColor = conf.DisableLogColor
 
-	out.DetailedErrorsToClient = lo.ToPtr(conf.DetailedErrorsToClient)
+	out.DetailedErrorsToClient = new(conf.DetailedErrorsToClient)
 	out.SubDomainHost = conf.SubDomainHost
 	out.Custom404Page = conf.Custom404Page
 	out.UserConnTimeout = conf.UserConnTimeout
 	out.UDPPacketSize = conf.UDPPacketSize
 	out.NatHoleAnalysisDataReserveHours = conf.NatHoleAnalysisDataReserveHours
 
-	out.Transport.TCPMux = lo.ToPtr(conf.TCPMux)
+	out.Transport.TCPMux = new(conf.TCPMux)
 	out.Transport.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval = conf.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval
 	out.Transport.TCPKeepAlive = conf.TCPKeepAlive
 	out.Transport.MaxPoolCount = conf.MaxPoolCount

pkg/config/v1/client.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ type ClientCommonConfig struct {
 func (c *ClientCommonConfig) Complete() error {
 	c.ServerAddr = util.EmptyOr(c.ServerAddr, "0.0.0.0")
 	c.ServerPort = util.EmptyOr(c.ServerPort, 7000)
-	c.LoginFailExit = util.EmptyOr(c.LoginFailExit, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	c.LoginFailExit = util.EmptyOr(c.LoginFailExit, new(true))
 	c.NatHoleSTUNServer = util.EmptyOr(c.NatHoleSTUNServer, "stun.easyvoip.com:3478")
 
 	if err := c.Auth.Complete(); err != nil {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (c *ClientTransportConfig) Complete() {
 	c.DialServerKeepAlive = util.EmptyOr(c.DialServerKeepAlive, 7200)
 	c.ProxyURL = util.EmptyOr(c.ProxyURL, os.Getenv("http_proxy"))
 	c.PoolCount = util.EmptyOr(c.PoolCount, 1)
-	c.TCPMux = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMux, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	c.TCPMux = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMux, new(true))
 	c.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval, 30)
 	if lo.FromPtr(c.TCPMux) {
 		// If TCPMux is enabled, heartbeat of application layer is unnecessary because we can rely on heartbeat in tcpmux.
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ type TLSClientConfig struct {
 }
 
 func (c *TLSClientConfig) Complete() {
-	c.Enable = util.EmptyOr(c.Enable, lo.ToPtr(true))
-	c.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte = util.EmptyOr(c.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	c.Enable = util.EmptyOr(c.Enable, new(true))
+	c.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte = util.EmptyOr(c.DisableCustomTLSFirstByte, new(true))
 }
 
 type AuthClientConfig struct {

pkg/config/v1/proxy_plugin.go

@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ package v1
 import (
 	"reflect"
 
-	"github.com/samber/lo"
-
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/jsonx"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 )
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions struct {
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions) Complete() {
-	o.EnableHTTP2 = util.EmptyOr(o.EnableHTTP2, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	o.EnableHTTP2 = util.EmptyOr(o.EnableHTTP2, new(true))
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions struct {
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions) Complete() {
-	o.EnableHTTP2 = util.EmptyOr(o.EnableHTTP2, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	o.EnableHTTP2 = util.EmptyOr(o.EnableHTTP2, new(true))
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {

pkg/config/v1/server.go

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func (c *ServerConfig) Complete() error {
 	}
 
 	c.VhostHTTPTimeout = util.EmptyOr(c.VhostHTTPTimeout, 60)
-	c.DetailedErrorsToClient = util.EmptyOr(c.DetailedErrorsToClient, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	c.DetailedErrorsToClient = util.EmptyOr(c.DetailedErrorsToClient, new(true))
 	c.UserConnTimeout = util.EmptyOr(c.UserConnTimeout, 10)
 	c.UDPPacketSize = util.EmptyOr(c.UDPPacketSize, 1500)
 	c.NatHoleAnalysisDataReserveHours = util.EmptyOr(c.NatHoleAnalysisDataReserveHours, 7*24)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ type ServerTransportConfig struct {
 }
 
 func (c *ServerTransportConfig) Complete() {
-	c.TCPMux = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMux, lo.ToPtr(true))
+	c.TCPMux = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMux, new(true))
 	c.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPMuxKeepaliveInterval, 30)
 	c.TCPKeepAlive = util.EmptyOr(c.TCPKeepAlive, 7200)
 	c.MaxPoolCount = util.EmptyOr(c.MaxPoolCount, 5)

pkg/msg/handler.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
 )
@@ -111,14 +113,22 @@ type Dispatcher struct {
 
 	sendCh      chan Message
 	doneCh      chan struct{}
+	stopCh      chan struct{}
+	stopOnce    sync.Once
 	msgHandlers map[reflect.Type]func(Message)
 }
 
+// NewDispatcher uses SetReadDeadline, when supported, and Close, when rw
+// implements io.Closer, to interrupt ReadMsg after a write failure. Without a
+// working read deadline, Close or the caller must arrange for ReadMsg to return.
+// These methods must return in bounded time and must not wait for Done: Done
+// closes only after ReadMsg, any synchronous handler, and stop have returned.
 func NewDispatcher(rw ReadWriter) *Dispatcher {
 	return &Dispatcher{
 		rw:          rw,
 		sendCh:      make(chan Message, 100),
 		doneCh:      make(chan struct{}),
+		stopCh:      make(chan struct{}),
 		msgHandlers: make(map[reflect.Type]func(Message)),
 	}
 }
@@ -129,37 +139,78 @@ func (d *Dispatcher) Run() {
 	go d.readLoop()
 }
 
+// stop rejects new sends and interrupts ReadMsg when supported by rw. Done remains
+// owned by readLoop so the control owner cannot clean up while a handler is running.
+func (d *Dispatcher) stop() {
+	d.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(d.stopCh)
+		if conn, ok := d.rw.(interface{ SetReadDeadline(time.Time) error }); ok {
+			_ = conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now())
+		}
+		if closer, ok := d.rw.(io.Closer); ok {
+			_ = closer.Close()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func (d *Dispatcher) sendLoop() {
 	for {
 		select {
-		case <-d.doneCh:
+		case <-d.stopCh:
 			return
 		case m := <-d.sendCh:
-			_ = d.rw.WriteMsg(m)
+			if err := d.rw.WriteMsg(m); err != nil {
+				d.stop()
+				return
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func (d *Dispatcher) readLoop() {
+	defer close(d.doneCh)
+	defer d.stop()
 	for {
 		m, err := d.rw.ReadMsg()
 		if err != nil {
-			close(d.doneCh)
 			return
 		}
 
+		select {
+		case <-d.stopCh:
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
 		if handler, ok := d.msgHandlers[reflect.TypeOf(m)]; ok {
 			handler(m)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// Send queues m for writing. A nil error does not guarantee delivery.
 func (d *Dispatcher) Send(m Message) error {
 	select {
-	case <-d.doneCh:
+	case <-d.stopCh:
+		return io.EOF
+	default:
+	}
+	return d.enqueue(m)
+}
+
+func (d *Dispatcher) enqueue(m Message) error {
+	select {
+	case <-d.stopCh:
 		return io.EOF
 	case d.sendCh <- m:
-		return nil
+		// Both cases can be ready if shutdown races with enqueueing. Do not
+		// report success when shutdown is already observable after the send.
+		select {
+		case <-d.stopCh:
+			return io.EOF
+		default:
+			return nil
+		}
 	}
 }
 

pkg/msg/handler_shutdown_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Preserve the original exported constructor function type.
+var _ func(ReadWriter) *Dispatcher = NewDispatcher
+
+func TestDispatcherEnqueueRejectsStoppedDispatcher(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newRegressionControl(t)
+	d := NewDispatcher(c)
+	d.stop()
+
+	// Model shutdown after Send's initial check: the stop and buffered send
+	// cases are both ready. A send selected here must still return EOF.
+	if err := d.enqueue(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		t.Fatalf("enqueue racing with shutdown: %v, want EOF", err)
+	}
+	// This single call checks that a stopped dispatcher's enqueue returns EOF; it
+	// does not guarantee exercising the send case and post-enqueue check on every run.
+	if len(d.sendCh) > 0 {
+		t.Log("selected the send case; post-enqueue check returned EOF")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherAcceptsReadWriterWithoutClose(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("codec factory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		d := NewDispatcher(NewV1ReadWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}))
+		d.Run()
+		regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "non-closable codec EOF")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("write failure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := newRegressionControl(t)
+		regressionWarm(t, c)
+		// Hide Close to model an existing caller implementing only ReadWriter.
+		d := NewDispatcher(struct{ ReadWriter }{c})
+		d.Run()
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			c.transport.close()
+			regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "externally interrupted reader")
+		})
+
+		c.transport.arm()
+		if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := regressionReceiveWrite(t, c); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+			t.Fatalf("injected write failure: %v", err)
+		}
+		regressionAwait(t, d.stopCh, "write failure stops sends")
+		if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			t.Fatalf("Send after write failure: %v, want EOF", err)
+		}
+		if c.closeCalls.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("dispatcher closed a connection hidden by ReadWriter")
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-d.Done():
+			t.Fatal("Done closed before the non-closable reader returned")
+		default:
+		}
+	})
+}

pkg/msg/handler_write_error_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
+	"time"
+
+	libcrypto "github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
+)
+
+var (
+	errRegressionWriteTimeout = errors.New("injected recoverable connection write timeout")
+	regressionKey             = []byte("isolated-public-test-key")
+)
+
+// regressionTransport fails exactly one Write, then accepts later writes. This
+// models an individual mux stream write timing out while its session survives.
+type regressionTransport struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	buffer   bytes.Buffer
+	calls    int
+	failures int
+	failNext bool
+	closed   chan struct{}
+	once     sync.Once
+}
+
+func (w *regressionTransport) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	w.calls++
+	if w.failNext {
+		w.failNext = false
+		w.failures++
+		return 0, errRegressionWriteTimeout
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-w.closed:
+		return 0, io.ErrClosedPipe
+	default:
+	}
+	return w.buffer.Write(p)
+}
+
+func (w *regressionTransport) arm() {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	w.failNext = true
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (w *regressionTransport) snapshot() (calls, failures, size int) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	return w.calls, w.failures, w.buffer.Len()
+}
+
+func (w *regressionTransport) close() {
+	w.once.Do(func() { close(w.closed) })
+}
+
+// regressionControl uses the production FRP message encoder and production
+// golib crypto.Writer. Only the final transport and incoming messages are fake.
+type regressionControl struct {
+	w           *libcrypto.Writer
+	transport   *regressionTransport
+	writes      chan error
+	incoming    chan Message
+	beforeRead  func() error
+	beforeWrite func()
+	closeCalls  atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func newRegressionControl(t *testing.T) *regressionControl {
+	t.Helper()
+	transport := &regressionTransport{closed: make(chan struct{})}
+	w, err := libcrypto.NewWriter(transport, regressionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return &regressionControl{
+		w: w, transport: transport, writes: make(chan error, 100), incoming: make(chan Message, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *regressionControl) ReadMsg() (Message, error) {
+	if c.beforeRead != nil {
+		if err := c.beforeRead(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	select {
+	case m := <-c.incoming:
+		return m, nil
+	case <-c.transport.closed:
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *regressionControl) ReadMsgInto(Message) error {
+	_, err := c.ReadMsg()
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *regressionControl) WriteMsg(m Message) error {
+	if c.beforeWrite != nil {
+		c.beforeWrite()
+	}
+	err := WriteMsg(c.w, m)
+	c.writes <- err
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *regressionControl) Close() error {
+	c.closeCalls.Add(1)
+	c.transport.close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func regressionReceiveWrite(t *testing.T, c *regressionControl) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case err := <-c.writes:
+		return err
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("dispatcher did not attempt WriteMsg")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func regressionAwait(t *testing.T, ch <-chan struct{}, what string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %s", what)
+	}
+}
+
+func regressionWarm(t *testing.T, c *regressionControl) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := c.WriteMsg(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	<-c.writes
+	c.transport.mu.Lock()
+	raw := append([]byte(nil), c.transport.buffer.Bytes()...)
+	c.transport.mu.Unlock()
+	m, err := ReadMsg(libcrypto.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(raw), regressionKey))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("encrypted control roundtrip: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := m.(*ReqWorkConn); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded %T", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestControlCryptoWriterKeepsErrorAfterTransportRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newRegressionControl(t)
+	regressionWarm(t, c)
+	defer c.transport.close()
+	c.transport.arm()
+	if err := c.WriteMsg(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+		t.Fatalf("want timeout, got %v", err)
+	}
+	<-c.writes
+	beforeCalls, failures, beforeBytes := c.transport.snapshot()
+	for range 5 {
+		if err := c.WriteMsg(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+			t.Fatalf("sticky error missing: %v", err)
+		}
+		<-c.writes
+	}
+	afterCalls, _, afterBytes := c.transport.snapshot()
+	if beforeCalls != afterCalls || beforeBytes != afterBytes || failures != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected retry: calls %d -> %d, failures %d, bytes %d -> %d",
+			beforeCalls, afterCalls, failures, beforeBytes, afterBytes)
+	}
+	if n, err := c.transport.Write([]byte("healthy underlying transport")); err != nil || n == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("underlying transport did not recover: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Log("one recoverable write error permanently invalidates this crypto writer; recovered underlying transport is never retried")
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherWriteErrorClosesControlAndFreshSessionWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newRegressionControl(t)
+	regressionWarm(t, c)
+	defer c.transport.close()
+	d := NewDispatcher(c)
+	d.Run()
+	c.transport.arm()
+	if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := regressionReceiveWrite(t, c); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	regressionAwait(t, c.transport.closed, "failed control connection close")
+	regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "failed dispatcher completion")
+	if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		t.Fatalf("Send after completed shutdown: %v", err)
+	}
+	if c.closeCalls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("connection closed %d times", c.closeCalls.Load())
+	}
+
+	fresh := newRegressionControl(t)
+	defer fresh.transport.close()
+	d2 := NewDispatcher(fresh)
+	d2.Run()
+	for range 5 {
+		if err := d2.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := regressionReceiveWrite(t, fresh); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("fresh session write failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	fresh.transport.mu.Lock()
+	raw := append([]byte(nil), fresh.transport.buffer.Bytes()...)
+	fresh.transport.mu.Unlock()
+	r := libcrypto.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(raw), regressionKey)
+	for i := range 5 {
+		m, err := ReadMsg(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("new stream decode %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if _, ok := m.(*ReqWorkConn); !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("decoded %T", m)
+		}
+	}
+	fresh.transport.close()
+	regressionAwait(t, d2.Done(), "new-session cleanup")
+	t.Log("write error closes failed control; new session sends and decrypts five valid ReqWorkConn messages")
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherWriteErrorWaitsForSynchronousHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := newRegressionControl(t)
+		regressionWarm(t, c)
+		defer c.transport.close()
+		d := NewDispatcher(c)
+		entered, release := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+		var releaseOnce sync.Once
+		defer releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+		d.RegisterHandler(&ReqWorkConn{}, func(Message) {
+			close(entered)
+			<-release
+		})
+		d.Run()
+		c.incoming <- &ReqWorkConn{}
+		regressionAwait(t, entered, "synchronous handler entry")
+		c.transport.arm()
+		if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := regressionReceiveWrite(t, c); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		regressionAwait(t, c.transport.closed, "write failure closes control during handler")
+		if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			t.Fatalf("Send after stop while handler is active: %v", err)
+		}
+		// Let the writer finish stopping while the handler remains blocked.
+		synctest.Wait()
+		select {
+		case <-d.Done():
+			t.Fatal("Done closed before synchronous handler returned; owner cleanup could race proxy registration")
+		default:
+		}
+		releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+		regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "completion after handler returned")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherWriteErrorUnblocksSenderWithFullQueue(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := newRegressionControl(t)
+		regressionWarm(t, c)
+		defer c.transport.close()
+		entered, release := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+		var releaseOnce sync.Once
+		defer releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+		c.beforeWrite = func() { close(entered); <-release }
+		c.transport.arm()
+		d := NewDispatcher(c)
+		if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Run()
+		regressionAwait(t, entered, "blocked transport write")
+		for i := 0; i < cap(d.sendCh); i++ {
+			if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+		sent := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() { sent <- d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}) }()
+		// Wait until the sender has reached its full-queue channel wait.
+		synctest.Wait()
+		select {
+		case err := <-sent:
+			t.Fatalf("Send did not block on full queue: %v", err)
+		default:
+		}
+		releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+		select {
+		case err := <-sent:
+			if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				t.Fatalf("blocked Send after write failure: %v", err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("write failure did not unblock full-queue sender")
+		}
+		regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "full-queue dispatcher cleanup")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherConcurrentReadWriteFailureClosesOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newRegressionControl(t)
+	regressionWarm(t, c)
+	defer c.transport.close()
+	readEntered, writeEntered := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	defer releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+	c.beforeRead = func() error {
+		close(readEntered)
+		<-release
+		return io.EOF
+	}
+	c.beforeWrite = func() {
+		close(writeEntered)
+		<-release
+	}
+	d := NewDispatcher(c)
+	c.transport.arm()
+	if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	readExited, writeExited := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(readExited)
+		d.readLoop()
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer close(writeExited)
+		d.sendLoop()
+	}()
+	regressionAwait(t, readEntered, "read path before injected failure")
+	regressionAwait(t, writeEntered, "write path before injected failure")
+	releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+	regressionAwait(t, readExited, "failed read loop exit")
+	regressionAwait(t, writeExited, "failed write loop exit")
+	regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "concurrent read/write shutdown")
+	if err := regressionReceiveWrite(t, c); !errors.Is(err, errRegressionWriteTimeout) {
+		t.Fatalf("concurrent WriteMsg failure: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, failures, _ := c.transport.snapshot(); failures != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("injected transport failed %d times", failures)
+	}
+	if c.closeCalls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("connection closed %d times", c.closeCalls.Load())
+	}
+}

pkg/msg/handler_yamux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	fmux "github.com/fatedier/yamux"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
+)
+
+// Delay one real TCP write without injecting an error. The stream's write
+// failure must come from yamux's ConnectionWriteTimeout.
+type delayedTCPConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	armed   atomic.Bool
+	entered chan struct{}
+	release chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (c *delayedTCPConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if c.armed.Swap(false) {
+		close(c.entered)
+		<-c.release
+	}
+	return c.Conn.Write(p)
+}
+
+type observedYamuxConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	writes      chan error
+	readEntered chan struct{}
+	readOnce    sync.Once
+	closed      chan struct{}
+	closeCalls  atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (c *observedYamuxConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	c.readOnce.Do(func() { close(c.readEntered) })
+	return c.Conn.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (c *observedYamuxConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n, err := c.Conn.Write(p)
+	c.writes <- err
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (c *observedYamuxConn) Close() error {
+	c.closeCalls.Add(1)
+	err := c.Conn.Close()
+	close(c.closed)
+	return err
+}
+
+func newLoopbackYamuxPair(t *testing.T) (*fmux.Session, *fmux.Session, *delayedTCPConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+	clientTCP, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { clientTCP.Close() })
+	serverTCP, err := listener.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { serverTCP.Close() })
+	gate := &delayedTCPConn{Conn: clientTCP, entered: make(chan struct{}), release: make(chan struct{})}
+	config := fmux.DefaultConfig()
+	config.ConnectionWriteTimeout = 80 * time.Millisecond
+	config.LogOutput = io.Discard
+	client, err := fmux.Client(gate, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { client.Close() })
+	server, err := fmux.Server(serverTCP, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { server.Close() })
+	return client, server, gate
+}
+
+func loopbackCryptoConn(t *testing.T, conn net.Conn, protocol string, role netpkg.AEADCryptoRole) *Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+	var rw io.ReadWriter
+	var err error
+	if protocol == wire.ProtocolV2 {
+		rw, err = netpkg.NewAEADCryptoReadWriter(
+			conn, regressionKey, role, wire.AEADAlgorithmAES256GCM, []byte("isolated-test-transcript"))
+	} else {
+		rw, err = netpkg.NewCryptoReadWriter(conn, regressionKey)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return NewConn(conn, NewReadWriter(rw, protocol))
+}
+
+func loopbackControlPair(t *testing.T, client, server *fmux.Session, protocol string) (*Conn, *Conn, *observedYamuxConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	local, err := client.OpenStream()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remote, err := server.AcceptStream()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	observed := &observedYamuxConn{
+		Conn: local, writes: make(chan error, 16), readEntered: make(chan struct{}), closed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	return loopbackCryptoConn(t, observed, protocol, netpkg.AEADCryptoRoleClient),
+		loopbackCryptoConn(t, remote, protocol, netpkg.AEADCryptoRoleServer), observed
+}
+
+func loopbackReadReq(t *testing.T, conn *Conn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
+	m, err := conn.ReadMsg()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := m.(*ReqWorkConn); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded %T, want ReqWorkConn", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDispatcherYamuxWriteTimeoutInterruptsRead(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, protocol := range []string{wire.ProtocolV1, wire.ProtocolV2} {
+		t.Run(protocol, func(t *testing.T) {
+			client, server, gate := newLoopbackYamuxPair(t)
+			var releaseOnce sync.Once
+			defer releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(gate.release) })
+			control, peer, observed := loopbackControlPair(t, client, server, protocol)
+			if err := control.WriteMsg(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			loopbackReadReq(t, peer)
+			// Warm-up has completed, including all crypto header writes.
+			for len(observed.writes) > 0 {
+				<-observed.writes
+			}
+			d := NewDispatcher(control)
+			readExited := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				defer close(readExited)
+				d.readLoop()
+			}()
+			regressionAwait(t, observed.readEntered, "control reader entry")
+			gate.armed.Store(true)
+			// Queue before starting the writer so this Send cannot race its failure.
+			if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			go d.sendLoop()
+			regressionAwait(t, gate.entered, "TCP write delay barrier")
+			select {
+			case err := <-observed.writes:
+				if !errors.Is(err, fmux.ErrConnectionWriteTimeout) {
+					t.Fatalf("stream write error: %v, want yamux connection write timeout", err)
+				}
+				t.Logf("production yamux write failed: %v", err)
+			case <-time.After(time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("yamux write did not time out")
+			}
+			regressionAwait(t, d.stopCh, "write failure stops sends")
+			if err := d.Send(&ReqWorkConn{}); !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				t.Fatalf("Send after stop: %v, want EOF", err)
+			}
+			releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(gate.release) })
+			regressionAwait(t, observed.closed, "control Close returns")
+			// peer never closes its write half: local yamux Close alone cannot
+			// interrupt Read. Neither a peer FIN nor session cleanup may help.
+			regressionAwait(t, d.Done(), "Done without peer FIN")
+			regressionAwait(t, readExited, "control readLoop exit without peer FIN")
+			if observed.closeCalls.Load() != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("control closed %d times, want once", observed.closeCalls.Load())
+			}
+			if client.IsClosed() || server.IsClosed() {
+				t.Fatal("yamux session unexpectedly closed")
+			}
+			fresh, freshPeer, freshObserved := loopbackControlPair(t, client, server, protocol)
+			for range 5 {
+				if err := fresh.WriteMsg(&ReqWorkConn{}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				loopbackReadReq(t, freshPeer)
+				for len(freshObserved.writes) > 0 {
+					<-freshObserved.writes
+				}
+			}
+			t.Log("Done/readLoop exited without peer FIN; Close once; same yamux session decrypted five fresh messages")
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/plugin/visitor/virtual_net.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -33,10 +34,16 @@ func init() {
 	Register(v1.VisitorPluginVirtualNet, NewVirtualNetPlugin)
 }
 
+type clientRouteController interface {
+	RegisterClientRoute(context.Context, string, []net.IPNet, io.ReadWriteCloser)
+	UnregisterClientRoute(string, io.Writer) bool
+}
+
 type VirtualNetPlugin struct {
 	pluginCtx PluginContext
 
-	routes []net.IPNet
+	routeController clientRouteController
+	routes          []net.IPNet
 
 	mu             sync.Mutex
 	controllerConn net.Conn
@@ -48,6 +55,11 @@ type VirtualNetPlugin struct {
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+const (
+	virtualNetReconnectBaseDelay = 60 * time.Second
+	virtualNetReconnectMaxDelay  = 300 * time.Second
+)
+
 func NewVirtualNetPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.VisitorPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
 	opts := options.(*v1.VirtualNetVisitorPluginOptions)
 
@@ -55,6 +67,9 @@ func NewVirtualNetPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.VisitorPluginOption
 		pluginCtx: pluginCtx,
 		routes:    make([]net.IPNet, 0),
 	}
+	if pluginCtx.VnetController != nil {
+		p.routeController = pluginCtx.VnetController
+	}
 
 	p.ctx, p.cancel = context.WithCancel(pluginCtx.Ctx)
 
@@ -85,7 +100,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) Name() string {
 
 func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) Start() {
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(p.pluginCtx.Ctx)
-	if p.pluginCtx.VnetController == nil {
+	if p.routeController == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -111,16 +126,17 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 		select {
 		case <-p.ctx.Done():
 			xl.Infof("VirtualNetPlugin run loop for visitor [%s] stopping (context cancelled before pipe creation).", p.pluginCtx.Name)
-			p.cleanupControllerConn(xl)
+			p.cleanupCurrentControllerConn(xl)
 			return
 		default:
 		}
 
 		controllerConn, pluginConn := net.Pipe()
-
-		p.mu.Lock()
-		p.controllerConn = controllerConn
-		p.mu.Unlock()
+		xl.Infof("attempting to register client route for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
+		if !p.registerControllerConn(controllerConn, pluginConn) {
+			xl.Infof("VirtualNetPlugin run loop for visitor [%s] stopping (context cancelled before route registration).", p.pluginCtx.Name)
+			return
+		}
 
 		// Wrap with CloseNotifyConn which supports both close notification and error recording
 		var closeErr error
@@ -129,8 +145,6 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 			close(currentCloseSignal) // Signal the run loop on close.
 		})
 
-		xl.Infof("attempting to register client route for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
-		p.pluginCtx.VnetController.RegisterClientRoute(p.ctx, p.pluginCtx.Name, p.routes, controllerConn)
 		xl.Infof("successfully registered client route for visitor [%s]. Starting connection handler with CloseNotifyConn.", p.pluginCtx.Name)
 
 		// Pass the CloseNotifyConn to the visitor for handling.
@@ -141,7 +155,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 		select {
 		case <-p.ctx.Done():
 			xl.Infof("VirtualNetPlugin run loop stopping for visitor [%s] (context cancelled while waiting).", p.pluginCtx.Name)
-			p.cleanupControllerConn(xl)
+			p.cleanupControllerConn(xl, controllerConn)
 			return
 		case <-currentCloseSignal:
 			// Determine reconnect delay based on error with exponential backoff
@@ -152,8 +166,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 					p.pluginCtx.Name, p.consecutiveErrors, closeErr)
 
 				// Exponential backoff: 60s, 120s, 240s, 300s (capped)
-				baseDelay := 60 * time.Second
-				reconnectDelay = min(baseDelay*time.Duration(1<<uint(p.consecutiveErrors-1)), 300*time.Second)
+				reconnectDelay = virtualNetReconnectDelay(p.consecutiveErrors)
 			} else {
 				// Reset consecutive errors on successful connection
 				if p.consecutiveErrors > 0 {
@@ -167,7 +180,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 			}
 
 			// The visitor closed the plugin side. Close the controller side.
-			p.cleanupControllerConn(xl)
+			p.cleanupControllerConn(xl, controllerConn)
 
 			xl.Infof("waiting %v before attempting reconnection for visitor [%s]...", reconnectDelay, p.pluginCtx.Name)
 			select {
@@ -182,16 +195,66 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 	}
 }
 
-// cleanupControllerConn closes the current controllerConn (if it exists) under lock.
-func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) cleanupControllerConn(xl *xlog.Logger) {
+// registerControllerConn publishes and registers controllerConn atomically with
+// respect to Close. A canceled plugin cannot register a new route.
+func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) registerControllerConn(controllerConn, pluginConn net.Conn) bool {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	if p.ctx.Err() != nil || p.routeController == nil {
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+		_ = controllerConn.Close()
+		_ = pluginConn.Close()
+		return false
+	}
+
+	p.controllerConn = controllerConn
+	p.routeController.RegisterClientRoute(p.ctx, p.pluginCtx.Name, p.routes, controllerConn)
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+	return true
+}
+
+// virtualNetReconnectDelay returns a bounded reconnect delay without allowing
+// the exponential shift to overflow for large consecutive error counts.
+func virtualNetReconnectDelay(consecutiveErrors int) time.Duration {
+	if consecutiveErrors <= 1 {
+		return virtualNetReconnectBaseDelay
+	}
+	if consecutiveErrors >= 4 {
+		return virtualNetReconnectMaxDelay
+	}
+	return virtualNetReconnectBaseDelay * time.Duration(1<<uint(consecutiveErrors-1))
+}
+
+// cleanupControllerConn unregisters and closes one connection round without
+// affecting a replacement route owned by another connection.
+func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) cleanupControllerConn(xl *xlog.Logger, controllerConn net.Conn) {
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-	if p.controllerConn != nil {
-		xl.Debugf("cleaning up controllerConn for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
-		p.controllerConn.Close()
-		p.controllerConn = nil
+	p.cleanupControllerConnLocked(xl, controllerConn)
+}
+
+func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) cleanupCurrentControllerConn(xl *xlog.Logger) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	p.cleanupControllerConnLocked(xl, p.controllerConn)
+}
+
+// cleanupControllerConnLocked must be called with p.mu held.
+func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) cleanupControllerConnLocked(xl *xlog.Logger, controllerConn net.Conn) {
+	if controllerConn == nil {
+		p.closeSignal = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	if p.routeController != nil &&
+		p.routeController.UnregisterClientRoute(p.pluginCtx.Name, controllerConn) {
+		xl.Infof("unregistered client route for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
+	}
+	xl.Debugf("cleaning up controllerConn for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
+	_ = controllerConn.Close()
+	if p.controllerConn == controllerConn {
+		p.controllerConn = nil
+		p.closeSignal = nil
 	}
-	p.closeSignal = nil
 }
 
 // Close initiates the plugin shutdown.
@@ -202,15 +265,9 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) Close() error {
 	// Signal the run loop goroutine to stop.
 	p.cancel()
 
-	// Unregister the route from the controller.
-	if p.pluginCtx.VnetController != nil {
-		p.pluginCtx.VnetController.UnregisterClientRoute(p.pluginCtx.Name)
-		xl.Infof("unregistered client route for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
-	}
-
-	// Explicitly close the controller side of the pipe.
-	// This ensures the pipe is broken even if the run loop is stuck or the visitor hasn't closed its end.
-	p.cleanupControllerConn(xl)
+	// Unregister and close the current connection while holding the same lock
+	// used to check cancellation and register a route in run.
+	p.cleanupCurrentControllerConn(xl)
 	xl.Infof("finished cleaning up connections during close for visitor [%s]", p.pluginCtx.Name)
 
 	return nil

pkg/plugin/visitor/virtual_net_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !frps
+
+package visitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
+)
+
+const testVirtualNetVisitorName = "vnet-visitor"
+
+type fakeClientRouteController struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+
+	routes map[string]io.Writer
+
+	beforeRegister  func()
+	registerCalls   int
+	unregisterCalls int
+}
+
+func newFakeClientRouteController() *fakeClientRouteController {
+	return &fakeClientRouteController{
+		routes: make(map[string]io.Writer),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *fakeClientRouteController) RegisterClientRoute(
+	_ context.Context,
+	name string,
+	_ []net.IPNet,
+	conn io.ReadWriteCloser,
+) {
+	if c.beforeRegister != nil {
+		c.beforeRegister()
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.registerCalls++
+	c.routes[name] = conn
+}
+
+func (c *fakeClientRouteController) UnregisterClientRoute(name string, conn io.Writer) bool {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.unregisterCalls++
+	owner, ok := c.routes[name]
+	if !ok || owner != conn {
+		return false
+	}
+	delete(c.routes, name)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *fakeClientRouteController) owner() io.Writer {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.routes[testVirtualNetVisitorName]
+}
+
+func (c *fakeClientRouteController) callCounts() (register, unregister int) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.registerCalls, c.unregisterCalls
+}
+
+type trackedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	closed atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func (c *trackedConn) Close() error {
+	c.closed.Store(true)
+	return c.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+func newTrackedPipe(t *testing.T) (*trackedConn, *trackedConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	left, right := net.Pipe()
+	trackedLeft := &trackedConn{Conn: left}
+	trackedRight := &trackedConn{Conn: right}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = trackedLeft.Close()
+		_ = trackedRight.Close()
+	})
+	return trackedLeft, trackedRight
+}
+
+func newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t *testing.T, controller *fakeClientRouteController) *VirtualNetPlugin {
+	t.Helper()
+	pluginCtx := context.Background()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(pluginCtx)
+	p := &VirtualNetPlugin{
+		pluginCtx: PluginContext{
+			Name: testVirtualNetVisitorName,
+			Ctx:  pluginCtx,
+		},
+		routeController: controller,
+		routes: []net.IPNet{{
+			IP:   net.ParseIP("10.1.0.1"),
+			Mask: net.CIDRMask(32, 32),
+		}},
+		ctx:    ctx,
+		cancel: cancel,
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = p.Close()
+	})
+	return p
+}
+
+func waitResult[T any](t *testing.T, ch <-chan T) T {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case result := <-ch:
+		return result
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for concurrent operation")
+		var zero T
+		return zero
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVirtualNetReconnectDelay verifies the documented exponential backoff and
+// ensures large error counts remain capped instead of overflowing to zero.
+func TestVirtualNetReconnectDelay(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name              string
+		consecutiveErrors int
+		want              time.Duration
+	}{
+		{name: "first error", consecutiveErrors: 1, want: 60 * time.Second},
+		{name: "second error", consecutiveErrors: 2, want: 120 * time.Second},
+		{name: "third error", consecutiveErrors: 3, want: 240 * time.Second},
+		{name: "fourth error", consecutiveErrors: 4, want: 300 * time.Second},
+		{name: "shift width boundary", consecutiveErrors: 64, want: 300 * time.Second},
+		{name: "observed retry storm", consecutiveErrors: 329769, want: 300 * time.Second},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, virtualNetReconnectDelay(tt.consecutiveErrors))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVirtualNetPluginCloseBeforeRegisterDoesNotReplaceNewRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeClientRouteController()
+	oldPlugin := newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t, controller)
+	newPlugin := newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t, controller)
+	oldControllerConn, oldPluginConn := newTrackedPipe(t)
+	newControllerConn, newPluginConn := newTrackedPipe(t)
+
+	allowOldRegister := make(chan struct{})
+	oldRegisterResult := make(chan bool, 1)
+	go func() {
+		<-allowOldRegister
+		oldRegisterResult <- oldPlugin.registerControllerConn(oldControllerConn, oldPluginConn)
+	}()
+
+	require.NoError(t, oldPlugin.Close())
+	require.True(t, newPlugin.registerControllerConn(newControllerConn, newPluginConn))
+	close(allowOldRegister)
+
+	require.False(t, waitResult(t, oldRegisterResult))
+	require.Same(t, newControllerConn, controller.owner())
+	registerCalls, _ := controller.callCounts()
+	require.Equal(t, 1, registerCalls)
+	require.True(t, oldControllerConn.closed.Load())
+	require.True(t, oldPluginConn.closed.Load())
+}
+
+func TestVirtualNetPluginRegisterBeforeCloseIsCleanedUp(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeClientRouteController()
+	p := newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t, controller)
+	controllerConn, pluginConn := newTrackedPipe(t)
+	registerEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	var registerEnteredOnce sync.Once
+	controller.beforeRegister = func() {
+		registerEnteredOnce.Do(func() {
+			close(registerEntered)
+		})
+		<-p.ctx.Done()
+	}
+
+	registerResult := make(chan bool, 1)
+	go func() {
+		registerResult <- p.registerControllerConn(controllerConn, pluginConn)
+	}()
+	waitResult(t, registerEntered)
+
+	closeResult := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		closeResult <- p.Close()
+	}()
+
+	require.NoError(t, waitResult(t, closeResult))
+	require.True(t, waitResult(t, registerResult))
+	require.Nil(t, controller.owner())
+	registerCalls, unregisterCalls := controller.callCounts()
+	require.Equal(t, 1, registerCalls)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, unregisterCalls)
+	require.True(t, controllerConn.closed.Load())
+}
+
+func TestVirtualNetPluginOldConnectionCleanupKeepsReplacementRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeClientRouteController()
+	oldPlugin := newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t, controller)
+	newPlugin := newTestVirtualNetPlugin(t, controller)
+	oldControllerConn, oldPluginConn := newTrackedPipe(t)
+	newControllerConn, newPluginConn := newTrackedPipe(t)
+
+	require.True(t, oldPlugin.registerControllerConn(oldControllerConn, oldPluginConn))
+	require.True(t, newPlugin.registerControllerConn(newControllerConn, newPluginConn))
+	require.Same(t, newControllerConn, controller.owner())
+
+	oldPlugin.cleanupControllerConn(xlog.FromContextSafe(oldPlugin.ctx), oldControllerConn)
+
+	require.Same(t, newControllerConn, controller.owner())
+	require.True(t, oldControllerConn.closed.Load())
+}

pkg/util/metric/date_counter.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func newStandardDateCounterWithClock(reserveDays int64, clk clock.PassiveClock)
 		reserveDays:    reserveDays,
 		counts:         make([]int64, reserveDays),
 		clock:          clk,
-		lastUpdateDate: startOfDay(clk.Now()),
+		lastUpdateDate: calendarDate(clk.Now()),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (c *StandardDateCounter) Clear() {
 // rotate
 // Must hold the lock before calling this function.
 func (c *StandardDateCounter) rotate(now time.Time) {
-	now = startOfDay(now)
+	now = calendarDate(now)
 	days := int(now.Sub(c.lastUpdateDate).Hours() / 24)
 	reserveDays := int(c.reserveDays)
 
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ func (c *StandardDateCounter) rotate(now time.Time) {
 	c.lastUpdateDate = now
 }
 
-// startOfDay returns midnight in t's location.
-func startOfDay(t time.Time) time.Time {
-	return time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, t.Location())
+// calendarDate represents t's local date as midnight UTC for day arithmetic.
+// This avoids variable day lengths and nonexistent local midnights during DST.
+func calendarDate(t time.Time) time.Time {
+	return time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 }

pkg/util/metric/date_counter_test.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestDateCounter(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDateCounterRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	loc := time.FixedZone("test", 8*60*60)
-	lastUpdateDate := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc)
+	lastUpdateDate := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name               string
@@ -55,19 +55,19 @@ func TestDateCounterRotate(t *testing.T) {
 			name:               "one day",
 			now:                time.Date(2026, time.May, 9, 12, 30, 0, 0, loc),
 			want:               []int64{0, 10, 7},
-			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "two days",
 			now:                time.Date(2026, time.May, 10, 12, 30, 0, 0, loc),
 			want:               []int64{0, 0, 10},
-			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "all reserved days elapsed",
 			now:                time.Date(2026, time.May, 11, 12, 30, 0, 0, loc),
 			want:               []int64{0, 0, 0},
-			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			wantLastUpdateDate: time.Date(2026, time.May, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -132,3 +132,63 @@ func TestDateCounterConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
 }
+
+func TestDateCounterCalendarDaysAcrossDST(t *testing.T) {
+	loc, err := time.LoadLocation("America/New_York")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	midnightLoc, err := time.LoadLocation("America/Sao_Paulo")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		start time.Time
+		end   time.Time
+		want  []int64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "spring next day",
+			start: time.Date(2026, time.March, 8, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			end:   time.Date(2026, time.March, 9, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 10, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "spring two days",
+			start: time.Date(2026, time.March, 8, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			end:   time.Date(2026, time.March, 10, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 0, 10},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "spring retention expiry",
+			start: time.Date(2026, time.March, 8, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			end:   time.Date(2026, time.March, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 0, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "fall next day",
+			start: time.Date(2026, time.November, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			end:   time.Date(2026, time.November, 2, 12, 0, 0, 0, loc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 10, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "skipped midnight",
+			start: time.Date(2018, time.November, 3, 12, 0, 0, 0, midnightLoc),
+			end:   time.Date(2018, time.November, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, midnightLoc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 10, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "day after skipped midnight",
+			start: time.Date(2018, time.November, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, midnightLoc),
+			end:   time.Date(2018, time.November, 5, 12, 0, 0, 0, midnightLoc),
+			want:  []int64{0, 10, 0},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			clk := clocktesting.NewFakeClock(tt.start)
+			dc := newStandardDateCounterWithClock(3, clk)
+			dc.Inc(10)
+			clk.SetTime(tt.end)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want[0], dc.TodayCount())
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, dc.GetLastDaysCount(3))
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/util/net/websocket.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
@@ -18,8 +19,11 @@ const (
 type WebsocketListener struct {
 	ln       net.Listener
 	acceptCh chan net.Conn
+	done     chan struct{}
 
 	server *http.Server
+
+	closeOnce sync.Once
 }
 
 // NewWebsocketListener to handle websocket connections
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ func NewWebsocketListener(ln net.Listener) (wl *WebsocketListener) {
 	wl = &WebsocketListener{
 		ln:       ln,
 		acceptCh: make(chan net.Conn),
+		done:     make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 
 	muxer := http.NewServeMux()
@@ -41,7 +46,14 @@ func NewWebsocketListener(ln net.Listener) (wl *WebsocketListener) {
 		conn := WrapCloseNotifyConn(c, func(_ error) {
 			close(notifyCh)
 		})
-		wl.acceptCh <- conn
+		select {
+		case <-wl.done:
+			conn.Close()
+			return
+		case wl.acceptCh <- conn:
+			// A ready handoff may win when Close races with it. Once delivered,
+			// the connection is owned by the caller of Accept.
+		}
 		<-notifyCh
 	}))
 
@@ -58,14 +70,21 @@ func NewWebsocketListener(ln net.Listener) (wl *WebsocketListener) {
 }
 
 func (p *WebsocketListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
-	c, ok := <-p.acceptCh
-	if !ok {
+	select {
+	case <-p.done:
 		return nil, ErrWebsocketListenerClosed
+	default:
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-p.done:
+		return nil, ErrWebsocketListenerClosed
+	case c := <-p.acceptCh:
+		return c, nil
 	}
-	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (p *WebsocketListener) Close() error {
+	p.closeOnce.Do(func() { close(p.done) })
 	return p.server.Close()
 }
 

pkg/util/net/websocket_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package net
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/synctest"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
+)
+
+type closeStubListener struct {
+	closed chan struct{}
+	once   sync.Once
+	err    error
+}
+
+func (l *closeStubListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	<-l.closed
+	return nil, net.ErrClosed
+}
+
+func (l *closeStubListener) Close() error {
+	l.once.Do(func() { close(l.closed) })
+	return l.err
+}
+
+func (l *closeStubListener) Addr() net.Addr {
+	return &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)}
+}
+
+func TestWebsocketListenerAcceptUnblocksOnClose(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		wl := NewWebsocketListener(&closeStubListener{closed: make(chan struct{})})
+		t.Cleanup(func() { wl.Close() })
+		errCh := make(chan error, 3)
+		for range 3 {
+			go func() {
+				c, err := wl.Accept()
+				if c != nil {
+					t.Error("Accept returned a connection without a sender")
+				}
+				errCh <- err
+			}()
+		}
+		synctest.Wait() // All Accept calls are blocked before Close.
+		require.Empty(t, errCh)
+
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		for range 3 {
+			wg.Go(func() {
+				if err := wl.Close(); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Close: %v", err)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+		synctest.Wait()
+		require.Len(t, errCh, 3)
+		for range 3 {
+			require.ErrorIs(t, <-errCh, ErrWebsocketListenerClosed)
+		}
+		c, err := wl.Accept()
+		require.Nil(t, c)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrWebsocketListenerClosed)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestWebsocketListenerCloseError(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		closeErr := errors.New("listener close failed")
+		wl := NewWebsocketListener(&closeStubListener{closed: make(chan struct{}), err: closeErr})
+		synctest.Wait() // Let Serve register its listener before Close.
+		require.ErrorIs(t, wl.Close(), closeErr)
+		require.NoError(t, wl.Close())
+	})
+}
+
+type websocketPipeHijacker struct {
+	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
+	conn net.Conn
+	rw   *bufio.ReadWriter
+}
+
+func (h *websocketPipeHijacker) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	return h.conn, h.rw, nil
+}
+
+func newWebsocketPipe(t *testing.T) (*WebsocketListener, *websocket.Conn, net.Conn, <-chan struct{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+	wl := NewWebsocketListener(&closeStubListener{closed: make(chan struct{})})
+	serverConn, clientConn := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		wl.Close()
+		serverConn.Close()
+		clientConn.Close()
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, serverConn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second)))
+	require.NoError(t, clientConn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second)))
+	handlerDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(handlerDone)
+		rw := bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(serverConn), bufio.NewWriter(serverConn))
+		req, err := http.ReadRequest(rw.Reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("ReadRequest: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		wl.server.Handler.ServeHTTP(&websocketPipeHijacker{httptest.NewRecorder(), serverConn, rw}, req)
+	}()
+	cfg, err := websocket.NewConfig("ws://localhost"+FrpWebsocketPath, "http://localhost")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peer, err := websocket.NewClient(cfg, clientConn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return wl, peer, serverConn, handlerDone
+}
+
+func TestWebsocketListenerUnacceptedConnectionClose(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		wl, peer, raw, handlerDone := newWebsocketPipe(t)
+		peerErr := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			_, err := peer.Read(make([]byte, 1))
+			peerErr <- err
+		}()
+		// No Accept consumer exists. Do not Wait here: it would synchronize
+		// the handler's send with Close and hide the baseline send/close race.
+		require.NoError(t, wl.Close())
+		require.ErrorIs(t, <-peerErr, io.EOF)
+		<-handlerDone
+		_, err := raw.Read(make([]byte, 1))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.ErrClosedPipe)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestWebsocketListenerAcceptedConnectionOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	synctest.Test(t, func(t *testing.T) {
+		wl, peer, raw, handlerDone := newWebsocketPipe(t)
+		owner, err := wl.Accept()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			raw.Close()
+			owner.Close()
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, wl.Close())
+
+		payload := []byte{0, 255, 128, 42}
+		reply := []byte("reply")
+		gotReply := make([]byte, len(reply))
+		peerErr := make(chan error, 2)
+		go func() {
+			if _, err := peer.Write(payload); err != nil {
+				peerErr <- err
+				return
+			}
+			_, err := io.ReadFull(peer, gotReply)
+			peerErr <- err
+			_, err = peer.Read(make([]byte, 1))
+			peerErr <- err
+		}()
+		got := make([]byte, len(payload))
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(owner, got)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, payload, got)
+		_, err = owner.Write(reply)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, <-peerErr)
+		require.Equal(t, reply, gotReply)
+		require.NoError(t, owner.Close())
+		require.NoError(t, owner.Close())
+		require.ErrorIs(t, <-peerErr, io.EOF)
+		<-handlerDone
+		_, err = raw.Read(make([]byte, 1))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.ErrClosedPipe)
+	})
+}

pkg/util/version/version.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 package version
 
-var version = "0.71.0"
+var version = "0.71.1"
 
 func Full() string {
 	return version

pkg/util/vhost/http.go

@@ -206,13 +206,29 @@ func checkRouteAuthByRequest(req *http.Request, rc *RouteConfig) bool {
 }
 
 func (rp *HTTPReverseProxy) connectHandler(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	if req.ContentLength > 0 || len(req.TransferEncoding) > 0 {
+		http.Error(rw, http.StatusText(http.StatusBadRequest), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
 	hj, ok := rw.(http.Hijacker)
 	if !ok {
 		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
-	client, _, err := hj.Hijack()
+	// Forward only CONNECT headers; the original Body must not be used after Hijack.
+	outreq := req.Clone(req.Context())
+	outreq.Body = nil
+	outreq.GetBody = nil
+	outreq.ContentLength = 0
+	outreq.TransferEncoding = nil
+	outreq.Trailer = nil
+	outreq.Header.Del("Content-Length")
+	outreq.Header.Del("Transfer-Encoding")
+	outreq.Header.Del("Trailer")
+
+	client, buffered, err := hj.Hijack()
 	if err != nil {
 		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
@@ -224,8 +240,12 @@ func (rp *HTTPReverseProxy) connectHandler(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Req
 		client.Close()
 		return
 	}
-	_ = req.Write(remote)
-	go libio.Join(remote, client)
+	if err := outreq.Write(remote); err != nil {
+		_ = remote.Close()
+		_ = client.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	go libio.Join(remote, libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(buffered.Reader, client, client.Close))
 }
 
 func getRequestRouteUser(req *http.Request) string {

pkg/util/vhost/http_test.go

@@ -3,17 +3,266 @@ package vhost
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
+	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
 )
 
+func TestHTTPConnectTunnel(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name      string
+		framing   string
+		pipelined bool
+	}{
+		{name: "plain"},
+		{name: "plain-early", pipelined: true},
+		{name: "cl0", framing: "Content-Length: 0\r\n"},
+		{name: "cl0-early", framing: "Content-Length: 0\r\n", pipelined: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			remote, backend := net.Pipe()
+			defer remote.Close()
+			defer backend.Close()
+			require.NoError(t, backend.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5*time.Second)))
+
+			rp := NewHTTPReverseProxy(HTTPReverseProxyOptions{}, NewRouters())
+			require.NoError(t, rp.Register(RouteConfig{
+				Domain:   "target.example.com",
+				Username: "alice",
+				Password: "secret",
+				CreateConnFn: func(string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return remote, nil
+				},
+			}))
+			listener := netpkg.NewInternalListener()
+			server := &http.Server{Handler: rp, ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+			serveErr := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				serveErr <- server.Serve(listener)
+			}()
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(t, server.Close())
+				require.ErrorIs(t, <-serveErr, http.ErrServerClosed)
+			}()
+
+			client, incoming := net.Pipe()
+			defer client.Close()
+			defer incoming.Close()
+			require.NoError(t, client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5*time.Second)))
+			require.NoError(t, listener.PutConn(incoming))
+
+			proxyAuth := httppkg.BasicAuth("alice", "secret")
+			request := "CONNECT target.example.com:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: target.example.com:443\r\n" +
+				"X-Connect-Test: tunnel\r\nProxy-Authorization: " + proxyAuth + "\r\n" + tc.framing + "\r\n"
+			if tc.pipelined {
+				// One pipe write puts the tunnel data in net/http's request buffer.
+				request += "early data"
+			}
+			_, err := io.WriteString(client, request)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			backendReader := bufio.NewReader(backend)
+			req, err := http.ReadRequest(backendReader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer req.Body.Close()
+			require.Equal(t, http.MethodConnect, req.Method)
+			require.Equal(t, "target.example.com:443", req.Host)
+			require.Equal(t, "target.example.com:443", req.URL.Host)
+			require.Equal(t, "tunnel", req.Header.Get("X-Connect-Test"))
+			require.Equal(t, proxyAuth, req.Header.Get("Proxy-Authorization"))
+			require.Zero(t, req.ContentLength)
+			require.Empty(t, req.TransferEncoding)
+			if tc.pipelined {
+				data := make([]byte, len("early data"))
+				_, err = io.ReadFull(backendReader, data)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "early data", string(data))
+			}
+
+			writeErr := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				_, err := io.WriteString(backend, "HTTP/1.1 200 Connection Established\r\n\r\nreply")
+				writeErr <- err
+			}()
+			clientReader := bufio.NewReader(client)
+			response, err := http.ReadResponse(clientReader, req)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer response.Body.Close()
+			require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, response.StatusCode)
+			reply := make([]byte, len("reply"))
+			_, err = io.ReadFull(clientReader, reply)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "reply", string(reply))
+			require.NoError(t, <-writeErr)
+
+			_, err = io.WriteString(client, "later data")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			data := make([]byte, len("later data"))
+			_, err = io.ReadFull(backendReader, data)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, "later data", string(data))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHTTPConnectRejectsContent(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		framing string
+		body    string
+	}{
+		{name: "content-length", framing: "Content-Length: 1\r\n", body: "X"},
+		{name: "chunked", framing: "Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n", body: "1\r\nX\r\n0\r\n\r\n"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			backendCalls := 0
+			rp := NewHTTPReverseProxy(HTTPReverseProxyOptions{}, NewRouters())
+			require.NoError(t, rp.Register(RouteConfig{
+				Domain: "target.example.com",
+				CreateConnFn: func(string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					backendCalls++
+					return nil, io.ErrClosedPipe
+				},
+			}))
+			req, err := http.ReadRequest(bufio.NewReader(strings.NewReader(
+				"CONNECT target.example.com:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: target.example.com:443\r\n" + tc.framing + "\r\n" + tc.body)))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer req.Body.Close()
+			rw := &connectTestResponseWriter{ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder()}
+
+			rp.ServeHTTP(rw, req)
+
+			require.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rw.Code)
+			require.Zero(t, rw.hijackCalls, "reject content before Hijack")
+			require.Zero(t, backendCalls, "reject content before creating a backend")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHTTPConnectHeaderWriteFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, originalBody := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("originalBody=%v", originalBody), func(t *testing.T) {
+			client, incoming := net.Pipe()
+			defer client.Close()
+			defer incoming.Close()
+			remote, backend := net.Pipe()
+			defer remote.Close()
+			defer backend.Close()
+			clientConn := &connectTestConn{Conn: incoming}
+			remoteConn := &connectTestConn{Conn: remote, failWrites: true}
+			rp := NewHTTPReverseProxy(HTTPReverseProxyOptions{}, NewRouters())
+			require.NoError(t, rp.Register(RouteConfig{
+				Domain: "target.example.com",
+				CreateConnFn: func(string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return remoteConn, nil
+				},
+			}))
+			req := rp.injectRequestInfoToCtx(httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodConnect, "target.example.com:443", nil))
+			require.Equal(t, "target.example.com:443", req.Host)
+			body := &connectTestBody{}
+			if originalBody {
+				req.Body = body
+			}
+			requestBody := req.Body
+			getBodyCalls := 0
+			req.GetBody = func() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+				getBodyCalls++
+				return body, nil
+			}
+			req.Header.Set("Content-Length", "0")
+			req.Header.Set("Trailer", "X-Connect-Trailer")
+			req.Trailer = http.Header{"X-Connect-Trailer": {"value"}}
+			originalHeader, originalTrailer := req.Header.Clone(), req.Trailer.Clone()
+			rw := &connectTestResponseWriter{
+				ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder(),
+				conn:             clientConn,
+				buffered:         bufio.NewReadWriter(bufio.NewReader(clientConn), bufio.NewWriter(clientConn)),
+			}
+
+			rp.connectHandler(rw, req)
+
+			require.Equal(t, 1, rw.hijackCalls)
+			require.Zero(t, body.reads, "do not read the original Body after Hijack")
+			require.Zero(t, body.closes, "do not close the original Body after Hijack")
+			require.Positive(t, remoteConn.writes.Load(), "exercise CONNECT header write failure")
+			require.True(t, remoteConn.closed.Load(), "close backend on CONNECT header write failure")
+			require.True(t, clientConn.closed.Load(), "close client on CONNECT header write failure")
+			require.Zero(t, remoteConn.reads.Load(), "do not start Join after header write failure")
+			require.Zero(t, clientConn.reads.Load(), "do not start Join after header write failure")
+			require.Zero(t, getBodyCalls)
+			require.Equal(t, requestBody, req.Body)
+			require.NotNil(t, req.GetBody)
+			require.Equal(t, originalHeader, req.Header)
+			require.Equal(t, originalTrailer, req.Trailer)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type connectTestResponseWriter struct {
+	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
+	conn        net.Conn
+	buffered    *bufio.ReadWriter
+	hijackCalls int
+}
+
+func (rw *connectTestResponseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
+	rw.hijackCalls++
+	if rw.conn == nil {
+		return nil, nil, io.ErrClosedPipe
+	}
+	return rw.conn, rw.buffered, nil
+}
+
+type connectTestConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	failWrites bool
+	closed     atomic.Bool
+	reads      atomic.Int32
+	writes     atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (c *connectTestConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	c.reads.Add(1)
+	return c.Conn.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (c *connectTestConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	c.writes.Add(1)
+	if c.failWrites {
+		return 0, io.ErrClosedPipe
+	}
+	return c.Conn.Write(p)
+}
+
+func (c *connectTestConn) Close() error {
+	c.closed.Store(true)
+	return c.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+type connectTestBody struct {
+	reads  int
+	closes int
+}
+
+func (b *connectTestBody) Read([]byte) (int, error) {
+	b.reads++
+	return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+}
+
+func (b *connectTestBody) Close() error {
+	b.closes++
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestHTTPServerProtocols(t *testing.T) {
 	rp := NewHTTPReverseProxy(HTTPReverseProxyOptions{}, NewRouters())
 	protocols := new(http.Protocols)

pkg/vnet/controller.go

@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@ func (c *Controller) RegisterClientRoute(ctx context.Context, name string, route
 	go c.readLoopClient(ctx, conn)
 }
 
-// UnregisterClientRoute Remove client route from routing table
-func (c *Controller) UnregisterClientRoute(name string) {
-	c.clientRouter.delRoute(name)
+// UnregisterClientRoute removes a client route only when it is still owned by conn.
+func (c *Controller) UnregisterClientRoute(name string, conn io.Writer) bool {
+	return c.clientRouter.delRoute(name, conn)
 }
 
 // StartServerConnReadLoop starts the read loop for a server connection
@@ -304,10 +304,15 @@ func (r *clientRouter) findConn(dst net.IP) (io.Writer, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route found for destination %s", dst)
 }
 
-func (r *clientRouter) delRoute(name string) {
+func (r *clientRouter) delRoute(name string, conn io.Writer) bool {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	re, ok := r.routes[name]
+	if !ok || re.conn != conn {
+		return false
+	}
 	delete(r.routes, name)
+	return true
 }
 
 func (r *clientRouter) removeConnRoute(conn io.Writer) {

pkg/vnet/controller_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package vnet
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+)
+
+// TestClientRouterDeleteRouteRequiresMatchingConnection verifies that a stale
+// visitor cannot remove a replacement route registered under the same name.
+func TestClientRouterDeleteRouteRequiresMatchingConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+	controller := NewController(v1.VirtualNetConfig{})
+
+	_, route, err := net.ParseCIDR("10.1.0.1/32")
+	require.NoError(err)
+
+	oldConn, oldPeer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = oldConn.Close()
+		_ = oldPeer.Close()
+	})
+	replacementConn, replacementPeer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = replacementConn.Close()
+		_ = replacementPeer.Close()
+	})
+
+	controller.clientRouter.addRoute("vnet-visitor", []net.IPNet{*route}, oldConn)
+	controller.clientRouter.addRoute("vnet-visitor", []net.IPNet{*route}, replacementConn)
+
+	require.False(controller.UnregisterClientRoute("vnet-visitor", oldConn))
+	got, err := controller.clientRouter.findConn(net.ParseIP("10.1.0.1"))
+	require.NoError(err)
+	require.Same(replacementConn, got)
+
+	// The read loop for an old connection can exit after a replacement route
+	// has already been registered. Its deferred cleanup must keep the new owner.
+	controller.clientRouter.removeConnRoute(oldConn)
+	got, err = controller.clientRouter.findConn(net.ParseIP("10.1.0.1"))
+	require.NoError(err)
+	require.Same(replacementConn, got)
+
+	require.True(controller.UnregisterClientRoute("vnet-visitor", replacementConn))
+	_, err = controller.clientRouter.findConn(net.ParseIP("10.1.0.1"))
+	require.Error(err)
+}

server/http/controller_v2_test.go

@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "tcp remote port",
 			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
 				Type: "tcp",
-				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: new(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "6000",
 			want: true,
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "udp remote port",
 			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "udp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
 				Type: "udp",
-				UDP:  &model.V2UDPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(7000)},
+				UDP:  &model.V2UDPProxySpec{RemotePort: new(7000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "7000",
 			want: true,
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "remote port does not match colon form",
 			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
 				Type: "tcp",
-				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: new(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    ":6000",
 			want: false,
@@ -767,10 +767,6 @@ func TestLegacyAPIResponsesRemainBare(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func v2TestIntPtr(value int) *int {
-	return &value
-}
-
 func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 	t.Helper()
 

server/proxy/http.go

@@ -139,9 +139,7 @@ func (pxy *HTTPProxy) GetRealConn(remoteAddr string) (workConn net.Conn, err err
 	}
 
 	if pxy.GetLimiter() != nil {
-		rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), func() error {
-			return rwc.Close()
-		})
+		rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), rwc.Close)
 	}
 
 	workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, tmpConn)

server/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -308,9 +308,7 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) handleUserTCPConnection(userConn net.Conn) {
 	}
 
 	if pxy.GetLimiter() != nil {
-		local = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(local, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(local, pxy.GetLimiter()), func() error {
-			return local.Close()
-		})
+		local = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(local, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(local, pxy.GetLimiter()), local.Close)
 	}
 
 	xl.Debugf("join connections, workConn(l[%s] r[%s]) userConn(l[%s] r[%s])", workConn.LocalAddr().String(),

server/proxy/udp.go

@@ -217,9 +217,7 @@ func (pxy *UDPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 			}
 
 			if pxy.GetLimiter() != nil {
-				rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), func() error {
-					return rwc.Close()
-				})
+				rwc = libio.WrapReadWriteCloser(limit.NewReader(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), limit.NewWriter(rwc, pxy.GetLimiter()), rwc.Close)
 			}
 
 			pxy.workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, workConn)

server/service.go

@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/net/mux"
-	fmux "github.com/hashicorp/yamux"
+	fmux "github.com/fatedier/yamux"
 	quic "github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
 	"github.com/samber/lo"
 
@@ -120,6 +121,9 @@ type Service struct {
 
 	// web server for dashboard UI and apis
 	webServer *httppkg.Server
+	// HTTP vhost resources are started and owned by NewService.
+	httpVhostServer   *http.Server
+	httpVhostListener net.Listener
 
 	sshTunnelGateway *ssh.Gateway
 
@@ -133,7 +137,10 @@ type Service struct {
 	// service context
 	ctx context.Context
 	// call cancel to stop service
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	cancel      context.CancelFunc
+	lifecycleMu sync.Mutex
+	closed      bool
+	closeOnce   sync.Once
 }
 
 func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
@@ -319,6 +326,8 @@ func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("create vhost http listener error, %v", err)
 			}
 		}
+		svr.httpVhostServer = server
+		svr.httpVhostListener = l
 		go func() {
 			_ = server.Serve(l)
 		}()
@@ -365,8 +374,22 @@ func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
 
 func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	if svr.closed {
+		svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+		cancel()
+		return
+	}
 	svr.ctx = ctx
 	svr.cancel = cancel
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	defer svr.Close()
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// Cancellation must unblock the synchronous main listener's Accept.
+	stopClose := context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { _ = svr.Close() })
+	defer stopClose()
 
 	// run dashboard web server.
 	if svr.webServer != nil {
@@ -400,13 +423,21 @@ func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 	svr.HandleListener(svr.listener, false)
 
 	<-svr.ctx.Done()
-	// service context may not be canceled by svr.Close(), we should call it here to release resources
-	if svr.listener != nil {
-		svr.Close()
-	}
 }
 
 func (svr *Service) Close() error {
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	svr.closed = true
+	cancel := svr.cancel
+	svr.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if cancel != nil {
+		cancel()
+	}
+	svr.closeOnce.Do(svr.closeResources)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (svr *Service) closeResources() {
 	if svr.kcpListener != nil {
 		svr.kcpListener.Close()
 	}
@@ -428,16 +459,17 @@ func (svr *Service) Close() error {
 	if svr.webServer != nil {
 		svr.webServer.Close()
 	}
+	if svr.httpVhostServer != nil {
+		svr.httpVhostServer.Close()
+		// Close even if Serve has not registered its listener yet.
+		svr.httpVhostListener.Close()
+	}
 	if svr.sshTunnelGateway != nil {
 		svr.sshTunnelGateway.Close()
 	}
 	svr.rc.Close()
 	svr.muxer.Close()
 	svr.ctlManager.Close()
-	if svr.cancel != nil {
-		svr.cancel()
-	}
-	return nil
 }
 
 func (svr *Service) handleConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, internal bool) {

server/service_lifecycle_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1/validation"
+)
+
+type lifecycleListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	accepted, closeEntered, closeResume chan struct{}
+	acceptOnce, closeOnce               sync.Once
+	accepts, closes                     atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func (l *lifecycleListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	l.accepts.Add(1)
+	l.acceptOnce.Do(func() { close(l.accepted) })
+	return l.Listener.Accept()
+}
+
+func (l *lifecycleListener) Close() error {
+	l.closes.Add(1)
+	err := l.Listener.Close()
+	if l.closeEntered != nil {
+		l.closeOnce.Do(func() { close(l.closeEntered) })
+		<-l.closeResume
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func freeLifecycleTCPPort(t *testing.T) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer l.Close()
+	return l.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+}
+
+func newLifecycleTestService(t *testing.T, web bool) (*Service, *lifecycleListener, []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := &v1.ServerConfig{
+		BindAddr: "127.0.0.1", ProxyBindAddr: "127.0.0.1",
+	}
+	if web {
+		cfg.WebServer = v1.WebServerConfig{Addr: "127.0.0.1", Port: freeLifecycleTCPPort(t)}
+		cfg.VhostHTTPPort = freeLifecycleTCPPort(t)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.Complete())
+	cfg.BindPort = 0
+	_, err := validation.NewConfigValidator(nil).ValidateServerConfig(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	svr, err := NewService(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	l := &lifecycleListener{Listener: svr.listener, accepted: make(chan struct{})}
+	svr.listener = l
+	addresses := []string{l.Addr().String()}
+	if web {
+		addresses = append(addresses, svr.webServer.Address())
+		addresses = append(addresses, net.JoinHostPort(cfg.ProxyBindAddr, fmt.Sprint(cfg.VhostHTTPPort)))
+	}
+	assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, false)
+	return svr, l, addresses
+}
+
+func assertLifecyclePorts(t *testing.T, addresses []string, released bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, address := range addresses {
+		ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", address)
+		if ln != nil {
+			_ = ln.Close()
+		}
+		if released {
+			require.NoError(t, err, "listener %s was not released", address)
+		} else {
+			require.Error(t, err, "listener %s was not bound", address)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceRunAfterEarlyShutdown(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"close before Run", "close before Run with web", "parent already cancelled"} {
+		t.Run(mode, func(t *testing.T) {
+			svr, listener, addresses := newLifecycleTestService(t, mode == "close before Run with web")
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			defer svr.Close()
+			if mode != "parent already cancelled" {
+				require.NoError(t, svr.Close())
+				assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, true)
+			} else {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			done := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() { svr.Run(ctx); close(done) }()
+			waitForSignal(t, done, "Run after early shutdown")
+			require.Zero(t, listener.accepts.Load(), "closed service started accepting")
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), listener.closes.Load())
+			assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, true)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceCloseMarksClosedBeforeCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, listener, addresses := newLifecycleTestService(t, false)
+	listener.closeEntered, listener.closeResume = make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release := func() { releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(listener.closeResume) }) }
+	defer release()
+	closeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { _ = svr.Close(); close(closeDone) }()
+	waitForSignal(t, listener.closeEntered, "Close cleanup barrier")
+	runDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { svr.Run(context.Background()); close(runDone) }()
+	waitForSignal(t, runDone, "Run to observe closed before cleanup finishes")
+	require.Zero(t, listener.accepts.Load(), "Run started during cleanup")
+	assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, false)
+	release()
+	waitForSignal(t, closeDone, "Close cleanup to finish")
+	assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, true)
+}
+
+func TestServiceParentCancellationAndCloseShareCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	svr, listener, addresses := newLifecycleTestService(t, false)
+	listener.closeEntered, listener.closeResume = make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release := func() { releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(listener.closeResume) }) }
+	defer release()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	runDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { svr.Run(ctx); close(runDone) }()
+	waitForSignal(t, listener.accepted, "main listener Accept")
+	cancel()
+	waitForSignal(t, listener.closeEntered, "parent cancellation to close main listener")
+	closeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { _ = svr.Close(); close(closeDone) }()
+	release()
+	waitForSignal(t, closeDone, "external Close to finish")
+	waitForSignal(t, runDone, "Run cleanup to finish")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), listener.closes.Load(), "cleanup ran more than once")
+	assertLifecyclePorts(t, addresses, true)
+}

test/e2e/compatibility/compatibility_test.go

@@ -192,19 +192,52 @@ transport.wireProtocol = "v2"
 	})
 })
 
-var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Compatibility: BinaryUDPPacket]", func() {
+var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Compatibility: UDPDefault]", func() {
+	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework()
+
+	ginkgo.It("current frps exchanges UDP with baseline frpc using the default wire protocol", func() {
+		portName := port.GenName("CompatDefaultUDPBaselineFRPC")
+		f.RunProcessesWithBinaries(
+			compatCtx.CurrentFRPSPath,
+			compatCtx.BaselineFRPCPath,
+			consts.DefaultServerConfig,
+			[]string{udpClientConfig(portName, "")},
+		)
+		framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Protocol("udp").PortName(portName).Ensure()
+	})
+
+	ginkgo.It("baseline frps exchanges UDP with current frpc defaulting to v1", func() {
+		portName := port.GenName("CompatDefaultUDPBaselineFRPS")
+		f.RunProcessesWithBinaries(
+			compatCtx.BaselineFRPSPath,
+			compatCtx.CurrentFRPCPath,
+			consts.DefaultServerConfig,
+			[]string{udpClientConfig(portName, "")},
+		)
+		framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Protocol("udp").PortName(portName).Ensure()
+	})
+})
+
+var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Compatibility: UDPWireV2]", func() {
 	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework()
 
 	ginkgo.BeforeEach(func() {
-		supportsV2, knownVersion := baselineSupportsControlWireProtocolV2(compatCtx.BaselineVersion)
-		if !knownVersion || !supportsV2 {
-			ginkgo.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("baseline version %q does not have known wire protocol v2 support", compatCtx.BaselineVersion))
+		supportsV2, knownVersion := baselineSupportsUDPWireProtocolV2(compatCtx.BaselineVersion)
+		if !knownVersion {
+			ginkgo.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("baseline version %q has unknown ordinary UDP wire v2 framing support", compatCtx.BaselineVersion))
+		}
+		if !supportsV2 {
+			// v0.69.0 supports control v2 but still uses legacy ordinary UDP framing.
+			// Mixing that early v2 implementation with the v0.69.1 framing was not supported.
+			ginkgo.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("baseline %q predates ordinary UDP wire v2 framing (v0.69.1); default UDP is tested separately",
+				compatCtx.BaselineVersion))
 		}
 	})
 
-	ginkgo.It("current frps falls back to JSON for baseline frpc", func() {
-		portName := port.GenName("CompatBinaryUDPBaselineFRPC")
-		clientConf := udpClientConfig("udp", portName, `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"`)
+	// The negotiated payload codec may be JSON or binary-v1; both use v2 framing.
+	ginkgo.It("current frps exchanges v2-framed UDP with baseline frpc", func() {
+		portName := port.GenName("CompatV2UDPBaselineFRPC")
+		clientConf := udpClientConfig(portName, `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"`)
 		f.RunProcessesWithBinaries(
 			compatCtx.CurrentFRPSPath,
 			compatCtx.BaselineFRPCPath,
@@ -214,9 +247,9 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Compatibility: BinaryUDPPacket]", func() {
 		framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Protocol("udp").PortName(portName).Ensure()
 	})
 
-	ginkgo.It("current frpc falls back to JSON for baseline frps", func() {
-		portName := port.GenName("CompatBinaryUDPBaselineFRPS")
-		clientConf := udpClientConfig("udp", portName, `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"`)
+	ginkgo.It("current frpc exchanges v2-framed UDP with baseline frps", func() {
+		portName := port.GenName("CompatV2UDPBaselineFRPS")
+		clientConf := udpClientConfig(portName, `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"`)
 		f.RunProcessesWithBinaries(
 			compatCtx.BaselineFRPSPath,
 			compatCtx.CurrentFRPCPath,
@@ -243,7 +276,7 @@ remotePort = {{ .%s }}
 `, consts.PortServerName, extra, proxyName, framework.TCPEchoServerPort, remotePortName)
 }
 
-func udpClientConfig(proxyName string, remotePortName string, extra string) string {
+func udpClientConfig(remotePortName string, extra string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`
 serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
 serverPort = {{ .%s }}
@@ -252,11 +285,11 @@ log.level = "trace"
 %s
 
 [[proxies]]
-name = "%s"
+name = "udp"
 type = "udp"
 localPort = {{ .%s }}
 remotePort = {{ .%s }}
-`, consts.PortServerName, extra, proxyName, framework.UDPEchoServerPort, remotePortName)
+`, consts.PortServerName, extra, framework.UDPEchoServerPort, remotePortName)
 }
 
 func expectProcessExit(p *process.Process, timeout time.Duration) {
@@ -268,6 +301,14 @@ func expectProcessExit(p *process.Process, timeout time.Duration) {
 }
 
 func baselineSupportsControlWireProtocolV2(version string) (supports bool, known bool) {
+	return baselineVersionAtLeast(version, [3]int{0, 69, 0})
+}
+
+func baselineSupportsUDPWireProtocolV2(version string) (supports bool, known bool) {
+	return baselineVersionAtLeast(version, [3]int{0, 69, 1})
+}
+
+func baselineVersionAtLeast(version string, minimum [3]int) (supports bool, known bool) {
 	version = strings.TrimPrefix(version, "v")
 	parts := strings.Split(version, ".")
 	if len(parts) != 3 {
@@ -287,7 +328,39 @@ func baselineSupportsControlWireProtocolV2(version string) (supports bool, known
 		return false, false
 	}
 
-	return compareSemanticVersion(major, minor, patch, 0, 69, 0) >= 0, true
+	return compareSemanticVersion(major, minor, patch, minimum[0], minimum[1], minimum[2]) >= 0, true
+}
+
+func TestBaselineWireProtocolSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		version   string
+		known     bool
+		controlV2 bool
+		udpV2     bool
+	}{
+		{version: "0.61.0", known: true},
+		{version: "0.68.1", known: true},
+		{version: "0.69.0", known: true, controlV2: true},
+		{version: "v0.69.0", known: true, controlV2: true},
+		{version: "0.69.1", known: true, controlV2: true, udpV2: true},
+		{version: "v0.69.1", known: true, controlV2: true, udpV2: true},
+		{version: "0.70.0", known: true, controlV2: true, udpV2: true},
+		{version: "0.71.0", known: true, controlV2: true, udpV2: true},
+		{version: "1.0.0", known: true, controlV2: true, udpV2: true},
+		{version: "custom"},
+		{version: "0.69"},
+		{version: "0.69.x"},
+		{version: "0.69.1-rc.1"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.version, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if supports, known := baselineSupportsControlWireProtocolV2(tc.version); supports != tc.controlV2 || known != tc.known {
+				t.Errorf("control v2 support = (%v, %v), want (%v, %v)", supports, known, tc.controlV2, tc.known)
+			}
+			if supports, known := baselineSupportsUDPWireProtocolV2(tc.version); supports != tc.udpV2 || known != tc.known {
+				t.Errorf("UDP v2 framing support = (%v, %v), want (%v, %v)", supports, known, tc.udpV2, tc.known)
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func compareSemanticVersion(major, minor, patch int, baseMajor, baseMinor, basePatch int) int {

test/e2e/v1/features/bandwidth_limit.go

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ package features
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -105,4 +108,82 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Bandwidth Limit]", func() {
 
 		framework.ExpectTrue(duration.Seconds() > 8, "100Kb with 10KB limit, want > 8 seconds, but got %s", duration.String())
 	})
+
+	ginkgo.It("Server Bandwidth Limit closes work connection when user disconnects", func() {
+		newFunc := func() *plugin.Request {
+			var r plugin.Request
+			r.Content = &plugin.NewProxyContent{}
+			return &r
+		}
+		pluginPort := f.AllocPort()
+		handler := func(req *plugin.Request) *plugin.Response {
+			var ret plugin.Response
+			content := req.Content.(*plugin.NewProxyContent)
+			content.BandwidthLimit = "10MB"
+			content.BandwidthLimitMode = "server"
+			ret.Content = content
+			return &ret
+		}
+		pluginServer := pluginpkg.NewHTTPPluginServer(pluginPort, newFunc, handler, nil)
+
+		f.RunServer("", pluginServer)
+
+		serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig + fmt.Sprintf(`
+		[[httpPlugins]]
+		name = "test"
+		addr = "127.0.0.1:%d"
+		path = "/handler"
+		ops = ["NewProxy"]
+		`, pluginPort)
+		clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+
+		// The local server echoes the first message, then stays idle until the
+		// connection from frpc is closed.
+		localClosed := make(chan struct{})
+		localPort := f.AllocPort()
+		localServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(localPort),
+			streamserver.WithCustomHandler(func(c net.Conn) {
+				defer c.Close()
+				buf := make([]byte, 1024)
+				n, err := c.Read(buf)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				if _, err := c.Write(buf[:n]); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, c)
+				close(localClosed)
+			}))
+		f.RunServer("", localServer)
+
+		remotePort := f.AllocPort()
+		clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
+			[[proxies]]
+			name = "tcp"
+			type = "tcp"
+			localPort = %d
+			remotePort = %d
+			`, localPort, remotePort)
+
+		f.RunProcesses(serverConf, []string{clientConf})
+
+		conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", strconv.Itoa(remotePort)))
+		framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+		_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+		_, err = conn.Write([]byte("ping"))
+		framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+		buf := make([]byte, 4)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(conn, buf)
+		framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+		framework.ExpectEqual(string(buf), "ping")
+
+		conn.Close()
+
+		select {
+		case <-localClosed:
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			framework.Failf("local connection is not closed after user connection is closed")
+		}
+	})
 })

test/e2e/v1/features/group.go

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 package features
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+	"github.com/onsi/gomega"
 
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/sdk/client"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/transport"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/framework"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/framework/consts"
@@ -17,6 +23,80 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/pkg/request"
 )
 
+func waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient *client.Client, proxyName, want string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	var lastStatus string
+	var lastErr error
+	for {
+		status, err := proxyClient.GetProxyStatus(ctx, proxyName)
+		if err == nil {
+			lastErr = nil
+			lastStatus = status.Status
+			if status.Status == want {
+				return nil
+			}
+		} else {
+			lastErr = err
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			if lastErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for proxy %q status %q: last error: %w", proxyName, want, lastErr)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for proxy %q status %q: last status %q", proxyName, want, lastStatus)
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func waitForSignal(signal <-chan struct{}) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(5 * time.Second)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-signal:
+		return nil
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for backend health-check signal")
+	}
+}
+
+// Keep this longer than client/proxy.statusCheckInterval (3s). The wrapper's
+// health notification is deliberately non-blocking, so the E2E assertion must
+// also cover the fallback poll plus scheduling margin while recovery is gated.
+const proxyFallbackObservationWindow = 4 * time.Second
+
+func waitForServerProxyStatus(port int, proxyName, want string, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return waitForLifecycleCondition(timeout, func() error {
+		body, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(port, "/api/proxies/"+url.PathEscape(proxyName))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var status struct {
+			Status string `json:"status"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &status); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if status.Status != want {
+			return fmt.Errorf("frps proxy %q status %q, want %q", proxyName, status.Status, want)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+type httpHealthStage struct {
+	healthy bool
+	signal  chan<- struct{}
+	release <-chan struct{}
+}
+
 var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework()
 
@@ -252,7 +332,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 	ginkgo.Describe("Health Check", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("TCP", func() {
-			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
+			dashboardPort := f.AllocPort()
+			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig + fmt.Sprintf(`
+			webServer.port = %d
+			`, dashboardPort)
 			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
 
 			fooPort := f.AllocPort()
@@ -260,11 +343,17 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", fooServer)
 
 			barPort := f.AllocPort()
-			barServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(barPort), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte("bar")))
+			newBarServer := func() *streamserver.Server {
+				return streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(barPort), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte("bar")))
+			}
+			barServer := newBarServer()
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 
 			remotePort := f.AllocPort()
+			adminPort := f.AllocPort()
 			clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
+			webServer.port = %d
+
 			[[proxies]]
 			name = "foo"
 			type = "tcp"
@@ -284,11 +373,16 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			loadBalancer.groupKey = "123"
 			healthCheck.type = "tcp"
 			healthCheck.intervalSeconds = 1
-			`, fooPort, remotePort, barPort, remotePort)
+			healthCheck.maxFailed = 3
+			`, adminPort, fooPort, remotePort, barPort, remotePort)
 
-			_, clientProcesses := f.RunProcesses(serverConf, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses(serverConf, []string{clientConf})
+			proxyClient := f.APIClientForFrpc(adminPort)
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "foo", "running"))
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "running"))
 
-			// check foo and bar is ok
+			// Both requests traverse frps, the load-balancing group, frpc, and the
+			// corresponding local backend.
 			results := []string{}
 			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
@@ -298,33 +392,38 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			}
 			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 
-			// close bar server, check foo is ok
-			failedCount := clientProcesses[0].CountOutput("[bar] health check failed")
-			barServer.Close()
-			framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcesses[0].WaitForOutput("[bar] health check failed", failedCount+1, 5*time.Second))
-			for range 10 {
-				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
-			}
+			// frps removes the group listener before deleting the proxy from
+			// its manager. Its offline status is the removal barrier; frpc's
+			// local check-failed status alone does not acknowledge that work.
+			for range 2 {
+				framework.ExpectNoError(barServer.Close())
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "check failed"))
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForServerProxyStatus(dashboardPort, "bar", "offline", 5*time.Second))
+				for range 10 {
+					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
+				}
 
-			// resume bar server, check foo and bar is ok
-			successCount := clientProcesses[0].CountOutput("[bar] health check success")
-			f.RunServer("", barServer)
-			framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcesses[0].WaitForOutput("[bar] health check success", successCount+1, 5*time.Second))
-			results = []string{}
-			for range 10 {
-				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
-					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
-					return true
-				})
+				barServer = newBarServer()
+				f.RunServer("", barServer)
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "running"))
+				results = []string{}
+				for range 10 {
+					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
+						results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
+						return true
+					})
+				}
+				framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 			}
-			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 		})
 
 		ginkgo.It("HTTP", func() {
 			vhostPort := f.AllocPort()
+			dashboardPort := f.AllocPort()
 			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig + fmt.Sprintf(`
 			vhostHTTPPort = %d
-			`, vhostPort)
+			webServer.port = %d
+			`, vhostPort, dashboardPort)
 			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
 
 			fooPort := f.AllocPort()
@@ -332,10 +431,41 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", fooServer)
 
 			barPort := f.AllocPort()
-			barServer := newHTTPServer(barPort, "bar")
+			var stageMu sync.RWMutex
+			stage := &httpHealthStage{healthy: true, signal: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
+			barServer := httpserver.New(
+				httpserver.WithBindPort(barPort),
+				httpserver.WithHandler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+					stageMu.RLock()
+					currentStage := stage
+					stageMu.RUnlock()
+
+					if r.URL.Path == "/healthz" {
+						if !currentStage.healthy {
+							w.WriteHeader(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+						}
+						select {
+						case currentStage.signal <- struct{}{}:
+						default:
+						}
+						if currentStage.release != nil {
+							select {
+							case <-currentStage.release:
+							case <-r.Context().Done():
+								return
+							}
+						}
+						return
+					}
+					_, _ = w.Write([]byte("bar"))
+				})),
+			)
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 
+			adminPort := f.AllocPort()
 			clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
+			webServer.port = %d
+
 			[[proxies]]
 			name = "foo"
 			type = "http"
@@ -356,12 +486,17 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			loadBalancer.groupKey = "123"
 			healthCheck.type = "http"
 			healthCheck.intervalSeconds = 1
+			healthCheck.maxFailed = 3
+			healthCheck.timeoutSeconds = 10
 			healthCheck.path = "/healthz"
-			`, fooPort, barPort)
+			`, adminPort, fooPort, barPort)
 
-			_, clientProcesses := f.RunProcesses(serverConf, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses(serverConf, []string{clientConf})
+			proxyClient := f.APIClientForFrpc(adminPort)
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "foo", "running"))
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "running"))
 
-			// send first HTTP request
+			// Ordinary requests traverse the real HTTP proxy path.
 			var contents []string
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(vhostPort).
 				RequestModify(func(r *request.Request) {
@@ -371,8 +506,6 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					contents = append(contents, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
 				})
-
-			// send second HTTP request, should be forwarded to another service
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(vhostPort).
 				RequestModify(func(r *request.Request) {
 					r.HTTP().HTTPHost("example.com")
@@ -381,25 +514,83 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					contents = append(contents, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
 				})
-
 			framework.ExpectContainElements(contents, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 
-			// check foo and bar is ok
+			// Every failed health response is gated by the test. This gives each
+			// stage a request-level barrier and avoids cumulative process logs.
+			runFailureRecovery := func() {
+				failureSignals := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				release := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				stageMu.Lock()
+				stage = &httpHealthStage{healthy: false, signal: failureSignals, release: release}
+				stageMu.Unlock()
+
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForSignal(failureSignals))
+				release <- struct{}{}
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForSignal(failureSignals))
+
+				recoverySignals := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+				recoveryRelease := make(chan struct{})
+				stageMu.Lock()
+				stage = &httpHealthStage{healthy: true, signal: recoverySignals, release: recoveryRelease}
+				stageMu.Unlock()
+				release <- struct{}{}
+
+				// The next request can only start after the worker consumed the
+				// second failed response. Hold this success response until the
+				// assertion finishes, so premature removal cannot be hidden by
+				// recovery. Consistently also gives the proxy worker time to act
+				// on an erroneous failure notification without retrying it away.
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForSignal(recoverySignals))
+				gomega.Consistently(func() string {
+					ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+					defer cancel()
+					status, err := proxyClient.GetProxyStatus(ctx, "bar")
+					if err != nil {
+						return err.Error()
+					}
+					return status.Status
+				}, proxyFallbackObservationWindow, 25*time.Millisecond).Should(gomega.Equal("running"))
+				close(recoveryRelease)
+			}
+			runFailureRecovery()
 			results := doFooBarHTTPRequest(vhostPort, "example.com")
 			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 
-			// close bar server, check foo is ok
-			failedCount := clientProcesses[0].CountOutput("[bar] health check failed")
-			barServer.Close()
-			framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcesses[0].WaitForOutput("[bar] health check failed", failedCount+1, 5*time.Second))
+			// Repeat the two-failure window to verify that recovery cleared the
+			// counter before another failure sequence began.
+			runFailureRecovery()
+			results = doFooBarHTTPRequest(vhostPort, "example.com")
+			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
+
+			// Three failed responses reach MaxFailed and remove bar from the
+			// group; a healthy response then re-registers it.
+			failureSignals := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			release := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			stageMu.Lock()
+			stage = &httpHealthStage{healthy: false, signal: failureSignals, release: release}
+			stageMu.Unlock()
+			for range 3 {
+				framework.ExpectNoError(waitForSignal(failureSignals))
+				release <- struct{}{}
+			}
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "check failed"))
+			// HTTPProxy.Close unregisters the group route before frps reports
+			// offline. Only then assert that fresh data-plane requests use foo.
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForServerProxyStatus(dashboardPort, "bar", "offline", 5*time.Second))
 			results = doFooBarHTTPRequest(vhostPort, "example.com")
 			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo"})
 			framework.ExpectNotContainElements(results, []string{"bar"})
 
-			// resume bar server, check foo and bar is ok
-			successCount := clientProcesses[0].CountOutput("[bar] health check success")
-			f.RunServer("", barServer)
-			framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcesses[0].WaitForOutput("[bar] health check success", successCount+1, 5*time.Second))
+			recoverySignals := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			stageMu.Lock()
+			stage = &httpHealthStage{healthy: true, signal: recoverySignals}
+			stageMu.Unlock()
+			// Release any additional failed request already waiting while the
+			// removal and data-plane assertions were in progress.
+			close(release)
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForSignal(recoverySignals))
+			framework.ExpectNoError(waitForProxyStatus(proxyClient, "bar", "running"))
 			results = doFooBarHTTPRequest(vhostPort, "example.com")
 			framework.ExpectContainElements(results, []string{"foo", "bar"})
 		})