client/visitor: deduplicate visitor connection handshake and wrapping (#5219)

Extract two shared helpers to eliminate duplicated code across STCP,
SUDP, and XTCP visitors:

- dialRawVisitorConn: handles ConnectServer + NewVisitorConn handshake
  (auth, sign key, 10s read deadline, error check)
- wrapVisitorConn: handles encryption + pooled compression wrapping,
  returning a recycleFn for pool resource cleanup

SUDP is upgraded from WithCompression to WithCompressionFromPool,
aligning with the pooled compression used by STCP and XTCP.

.golangci.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ linters:
   - lll
   - makezero
   - misspell
+  - modernize
   - prealloc
   - predeclared
   - revive
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ linters:
       ignore-rules:
       - cancelled
       - marshalled
+    modernize:
+      disable:
+      - omitzero
     unparam:
       check-exported: false
   exclusions:

client/proxy/sudp.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.SUDPProxyConfig{}), NewSUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.SUDPProxyConfig](), NewSUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type SUDPProxy struct {

client/proxy/udp.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.UDPProxyConfig{}), NewUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.UDPProxyConfig](), NewUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type UDPProxy struct {

client/proxy/xtcp.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.XTCPProxyConfig{}), NewXTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.XTCPProxyConfig](), NewXTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type XTCPProxy struct {

client/visitor/stcp.go

@@ -15,18 +15,12 @@
 package visitor
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
-	"time"
 
 	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
 
@@ -61,7 +55,6 @@ func (sv *STCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
 	var tunnelErr error
 	defer func() {
-		// If there was an error and connection supports CloseWithError, use it
 		if tunnelErr != nil {
 			if eConn, ok := userConn.(interface{ CloseWithError(error) error }); ok {
 				_ = eConn.CloseWithError(tunnelErr)
@@ -72,62 +65,21 @@ func (sv *STCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 	}()
 
 	xl.Debugf("get a new stcp user connection")
-	visitorConn, err := sv.helper.ConnectServer()
+	visitorConn, err := sv.dialRawVisitorConn(sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
 	if err != nil {
+		xl.Warnf("dialRawVisitorConn error: %v", err)
 		tunnelErr = err
 		return
 	}
 	defer visitorConn.Close()
 
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	remote, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(visitorConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
-	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(sv.clientCfg.User, sv.cfg.ServerUser, sv.cfg.ServerName)
-	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
-		RunID:          sv.helper.RunID(),
-		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
-		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(sv.cfg.SecretKey, now),
-		Timestamp:      now,
-		UseEncryption:  sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
-		UseCompression: sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
-	}
-	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
 	if err != nil {
-		xl.Warnf("send newVisitorConnMsg to server error: %v", err)
+		xl.Warnf("wrapVisitorConn error: %v", err)
 		tunnelErr = err
 		return
 	}
-
+	defer recycleFn()
-	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
-	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
-	if err != nil {
-		xl.Warnf("get newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
-		tunnelErr = err
-		return
-	}
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
-
-	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
-		xl.Warnf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-		tunnelErr = fmt.Errorf("%s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var remote io.ReadWriteCloser
-	remote = visitorConn
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		remote, err = libio.WithEncryption(remote, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			tunnelErr = err
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		var recycleFn func()
-		remote, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(remote)
-		defer recycleFn()
-	}
 
 	libio.Join(userConn, remote)
 }

client/visitor/sudp.go

@@ -16,21 +16,17 @@ package visitor
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/errors"
-	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/udp"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
 
@@ -76,6 +72,7 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) dispatcher() {
 
 	var (
 		visitorConn net.Conn
+		recycleFn   func()
 		err         error
 
 		firstPacket *msg.UDPPacket
@@ -93,14 +90,17 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) dispatcher() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		visitorConn, err = sv.getNewVisitorConn()
+		visitorConn, recycleFn, err = sv.getNewVisitorConn()
 		if err != nil {
 			xl.Warnf("newVisitorConn to frps error: %v, try to reconnect", err)
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// visitorConn always be closed when worker done.
-		sv.worker(visitorConn, firstPacket)
+		func() {
+			defer recycleFn()
+			sv.worker(visitorConn, firstPacket)
+		}()
 
 		select {
 		case <-sv.checkCloseCh:
@@ -198,57 +198,17 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) worker(workConn net.Conn, firstPacket *msg.UDPPacket) {
 	xl.Infof("sudp worker is closed")
 }
 
-func (sv *SUDPVisitor) getNewVisitorConn() (net.Conn, error) {
+func (sv *SUDPVisitor) getNewVisitorConn() (net.Conn, func(), error) {
-	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
+	rawConn, err := sv.dialRawVisitorConn(sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
-	visitorConn, err := sv.helper.ConnectServer()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc connect frps error: %v", err)
+		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
-
+	rwc, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(rawConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
-	now := time.Now().Unix()
-	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(sv.clientCfg.User, sv.cfg.ServerUser, sv.cfg.ServerName)
-	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
-		RunID:          sv.helper.RunID(),
-		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
-		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(sv.cfg.SecretKey, now),
-		Timestamp:      now,
-		UseEncryption:  sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
-		UseCompression: sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
-	}
-	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
 	if err != nil {
-		visitorConn.Close()
+		rawConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc send newVisitorConnMsg to frps error: %v", err)
+		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
-
+	return netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, rawConn), recycleFn, nil
-	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
-	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
-	if err != nil {
-		visitorConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("frpc read newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
-	}
-	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
-
-	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
-		visitorConn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
-	}
-
-	var remote io.ReadWriteCloser
-	remote = visitorConn
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
-		remote, err = libio.WithEncryption(remote, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
-			visitorConn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		remote = libio.WithCompression(remote)
-	}
-	return netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, visitorConn), nil
 }
 
 func (sv *SUDPVisitor) Close() {

client/visitor/visitor.go

@@ -16,13 +16,21 @@ package visitor
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/naming"
 	plugin "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/plugin/visitor"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/transport"
 	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/vnet"
 )
@@ -142,3 +150,57 @@ func (v *BaseVisitor) Close() {
 		v.plugin.Close()
 	}
 }
+
+func (v *BaseVisitor) dialRawVisitorConn(cfg *v1.VisitorBaseConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
+	visitorConn, err := v.helper.ConnectServer()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to server error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	targetProxyName := naming.BuildTargetServerProxyName(v.clientCfg.User, cfg.ServerUser, cfg.ServerName)
+	newVisitorConnMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
+		RunID:          v.helper.RunID(),
+		ProxyName:      targetProxyName,
+		SignKey:        util.GetAuthKey(cfg.SecretKey, now),
+		Timestamp:      now,
+		UseEncryption:  cfg.Transport.UseEncryption,
+		UseCompression: cfg.Transport.UseCompression,
+	}
+	err = msg.WriteMsg(visitorConn, newVisitorConnMsg)
+	if err != nil {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send newVisitorConnMsg to server error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var newVisitorConnRespMsg msg.NewVisitorConnResp
+	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second))
+	err = msg.ReadMsgInto(visitorConn, &newVisitorConnRespMsg)
+	if err != nil {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read newVisitorConnRespMsg error: %v", err)
+	}
+	_ = visitorConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
+
+	if newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error != "" {
+		visitorConn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start new visitor connection error: %s", newVisitorConnRespMsg.Error)
+	}
+	return visitorConn, nil
+}
+
+func wrapVisitorConn(conn io.ReadWriteCloser, cfg *v1.VisitorBaseConfig) (io.ReadWriteCloser, func(), error) {
+	rwc := conn
+	if cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
+		var err error
+		rwc, err = libio.WithEncryption(rwc, []byte(cfg.SecretKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	recycleFn := func() {}
+	if cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
+		rwc, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(rwc)
+	}
+	return rwc, recycleFn, nil
+}

client/visitor/xtcp.go

@@ -182,21 +182,14 @@ func (sv *XTCPVisitor) handleConn(userConn net.Conn) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var muxConnRWCloser io.ReadWriteCloser = tunnelConn
+	muxConnRWCloser, recycleFn, err := wrapVisitorConn(tunnelConn, sv.cfg.GetBaseConfig())
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseEncryption {
+	if err != nil {
-		muxConnRWCloser, err = libio.WithEncryption(muxConnRWCloser, []byte(sv.cfg.SecretKey))
+		xl.Errorf("%v", err)
-		if err != nil {
+		tunnelConn.Close()
-			xl.Errorf("create encryption stream error: %v", err)
+		tunnelErr = err
-			tunnelConn.Close()
+		return
-			tunnelErr = err
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	if sv.cfg.Transport.UseCompression {
-		var recycleFn func()
-		muxConnRWCloser, recycleFn = libio.WithCompressionFromPool(muxConnRWCloser)
-		defer recycleFn()
 	}
+	defer recycleFn()
 
 	_, _, errs := libio.Join(userConn, muxConnRWCloser)
 	xl.Debugf("join connections closed")

cmd/frpc/sub/nathole.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ var natholeDiscoveryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "discover",
 	Short: "Discover nathole information from stun server",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		// ignore error here, because we can use command line pameters
+		// ignore error here, because we can use command line parameters
 		cfg, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFile, strictConfigMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			cfg = &v1.ClientCommonConfig{}

pkg/config/legacy/proxy.go

@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ const (
 // Proxy
 var (
 	proxyConfTypeMap = map[ProxyType]reflect.Type{
-		ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeOf(TCPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeFor[TCPProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeOf(UDPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeFor[UDPProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeOf(TCPMuxProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeFor[TCPMuxProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeOf(HTTPSProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeFor[HTTPSProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(STCPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[STCPProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(XTCPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[XTCPProxyConf](),
-		ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeOf(SUDPProxyConf{}),
+		ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeFor[SUDPProxyConf](),
 	}
 )
 

pkg/config/legacy/visitor.go

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ const (
 // Visitor
 var (
 	visitorConfTypeMap = map[VisitorType]reflect.Type{
-		VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeOf(STCPVisitorConf{}),
+		VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeFor[STCPVisitorConf](),
-		VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeOf(XTCPVisitorConf{}),
+		VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeFor[XTCPVisitorConf](),
-		VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeOf(SUDPVisitorConf{}),
+		VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeFor[SUDPVisitorConf](),
 	}
 )
 

pkg/config/template.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func parseNumberRangePair(firstRangeStr, secondRangeStr string) ([]NumberPair, e
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("first and second range numbers are not in pairs")
 	}
 	pairs := make([]NumberPair, 0, len(firstRangeNumbers))
-	for i := 0; i < len(firstRangeNumbers); i++ {
+	for i := range firstRangeNumbers {
 		pairs = append(pairs, NumberPair{
 			First:  firstRangeNumbers[i],
 			Second: secondRangeNumbers[i],

pkg/config/types/types.go

@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ func (p PortsRangeSlice) String() string {
 func NewPortsRangeSliceFromString(str string) ([]PortsRange, error) {
 	str = strings.TrimSpace(str)
 	out := []PortsRange{}
-	numRanges := strings.Split(str, ",")
+	numRanges := strings.SplitSeq(str, ",")
-	for _, numRangeStr := range numRanges {
+	for numRangeStr := range numRanges {
 		// 1000-2000 or 2001
 		numArray := strings.Split(numRangeStr, "-")
 		// length: only 1 or 2 is correct

pkg/config/v1/proxy.go

@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ const (
 )
 
 var proxyConfigTypeMap = map[ProxyType]reflect.Type{
-	ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeOf(TCPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeTCP:    reflect.TypeFor[TCPProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeOf(UDPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeUDP:    reflect.TypeFor[UDPProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeHTTP:   reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeOf(HTTPSProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeHTTPS:  reflect.TypeFor[HTTPSProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeOf(TCPMuxProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeTCPMUX: reflect.TypeFor[TCPMuxProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(STCPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeSTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[STCPProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeOf(XTCPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeXTCP:   reflect.TypeFor[XTCPProxyConfig](),
-	ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeOf(SUDPProxyConfig{}),
+	ProxyTypeSUDP:   reflect.TypeFor[SUDPProxyConfig](),
 }
 
 func NewProxyConfigurerByType(proxyType ProxyType) ProxyConfigurer {

pkg/config/v1/proxy_plugin.go

@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ const (
 )
 
 var clientPluginOptionsTypeMap = map[string]reflect.Type{
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:       reflect.TypeOf(HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPProxy:        reflect.TypeOf(HTTPProxyPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTPProxy:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:       reflect.TypeOf(HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:      reflect.TypeOf(HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:      reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTP2HTTP:        reflect.TypeOf(HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTP:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions](),
-	PluginSocks5:           reflect.TypeOf(Socks5PluginOptions{}),
+	PluginSocks5:           reflect.TypeFor[Socks5PluginOptions](),
-	PluginStaticFile:       reflect.TypeOf(StaticFilePluginOptions{}),
+	PluginStaticFile:       reflect.TypeFor[StaticFilePluginOptions](),
-	PluginUnixDomainSocket: reflect.TypeOf(UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginUnixDomainSocket: reflect.TypeFor[UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions](),
-	PluginTLS2Raw:          reflect.TypeOf(TLS2RawPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginTLS2Raw:          reflect.TypeFor[TLS2RawPluginOptions](),
-	PluginVirtualNet:       reflect.TypeOf(VirtualNetPluginOptions{}),
+	PluginVirtualNet:       reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetPluginOptions](),
 }
 
 type ClientPluginOptions interface {

pkg/config/v1/visitor.go

@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ const (
 )
 
 var visitorConfigTypeMap = map[VisitorType]reflect.Type{
-	VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeOf(STCPVisitorConfig{}),
+	VisitorTypeSTCP: reflect.TypeFor[STCPVisitorConfig](),
-	VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeOf(XTCPVisitorConfig{}),
+	VisitorTypeXTCP: reflect.TypeFor[XTCPVisitorConfig](),
-	VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeOf(SUDPVisitorConfig{}),
+	VisitorTypeSUDP: reflect.TypeFor[SUDPVisitorConfig](),
 }
 
 type TypedVisitorConfig struct {

pkg/config/v1/visitor_plugin.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var visitorPluginOptionsTypeMap = map[string]reflect.Type{
-	VisitorPluginVirtualNet: reflect.TypeOf(VirtualNetVisitorPluginOptions{}),
+	VisitorPluginVirtualNet: reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetVisitorPluginOptions](),
 }
 
 type VisitorPluginOptions interface {

pkg/msg/msg.go

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ var msgTypeMap = map[byte]any{
 	TypeNatHoleReport:      NatHoleReport{},
 }
 
-var TypeNameNatHoleResp = reflect.TypeOf(&NatHoleResp{}).Elem().Name()
+var TypeNameNatHoleResp = reflect.TypeFor[NatHoleResp]().Name()
 
 type ClientSpec struct {
 	// Due to the support of VirtualClient, frps needs to know the client type in order to

pkg/nathole/analysis.go

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func getBehaviorScoresByMode(mode int, defaultScore int) []*BehaviorScore {
 func getBehaviorScoresByMode2(mode int, senderScore, receiverScore int) []*BehaviorScore {
 	behaviors := getBehaviorByMode(mode)
 	scores := make([]*BehaviorScore, 0, len(behaviors))
-	for i := 0; i < len(behaviors); i++ {
+	for i := range behaviors {
 		score := receiverScore
 		if behaviors[i].A.Role == DetectRoleSender {
 			score = senderScore

pkg/nathole/nathole.go

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ func sendSidMessageToRandomPorts(
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx)
 	used := sets.New[int]()
 	getUnusedPort := func() int {
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		for range 10 {
 			port := rand.IntN(65535-1024) + 1024
 			if !used.Has(port) {
 				used.Insert(port)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func sendSidMessageToRandomPorts(
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+	for range count {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return

pkg/plugin/visitor/virtual_net.go

@@ -153,10 +153,7 @@ func (p *VirtualNetPlugin) run() {
 
 				// Exponential backoff: 60s, 120s, 240s, 300s (capped)
 				baseDelay := 60 * time.Second
-				reconnectDelay = baseDelay * time.Duration(1<<uint(p.consecutiveErrors-1))
+				reconnectDelay = min(baseDelay*time.Duration(1<<uint(p.consecutiveErrors-1)), 300*time.Second)
-				if reconnectDelay > 300*time.Second {
-					reconnectDelay = 300 * time.Second
-				}
 			} else {
 				// Reset consecutive errors on successful connection
 				if p.consecutiveErrors > 0 {

pkg/policy/featuregate/feature_gate.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package featuregate
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -93,9 +94,7 @@ type featureGate struct {
 // NewFeatureGate creates a new feature gate with the default features
 func NewFeatureGate() MutableFeatureGate {
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range defaultFeatures {
+	maps.Copy(known, defaultFeatures)
-		known[k] = v
-	}
 
 	f := &featureGate{}
 	f.known.Store(known)
@@ -110,13 +109,9 @@ func (f *featureGate) SetFromMap(m map[string]bool) error {
 
 	// Copy existing state
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec) {
+	maps.Copy(known, f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec))
-		known[k] = v
-	}
 	enabled := map[Feature]bool{}
-	for k, v := range f.enabled.Load().(map[Feature]bool) {
+	maps.Copy(enabled, f.enabled.Load().(map[Feature]bool))
-		enabled[k] = v
-	}
 
 	// Apply the new settings
 	for k, v := range m {
@@ -148,9 +143,7 @@ func (f *featureGate) Add(features map[Feature]FeatureSpec) error {
 
 	// Copy existing state
 	known := map[Feature]FeatureSpec{}
-	for k, v := range f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec) {
+	maps.Copy(known, f.known.Load().(map[Feature]FeatureSpec))
-		known[k] = v
-	}
 
 	// Add new features
 	for name, spec := range features {

pkg/util/http/http.go

@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ func ParseBasicAuth(auth string) (username, password string, ok bool) {
 		return
 	}
 	cs := string(c)
-	s := strings.IndexByte(cs, ':')
+	before, after, found := strings.Cut(cs, ":")
-	if s < 0 {
+	if !found {
 		return
 	}
-	return cs[:s], cs[s+1:], true
+	return before, after, true
 }
 
 func BasicAuth(username, passwd string) string {

pkg/util/net/udp.go

@@ -86,11 +86,7 @@ func (c *FakeUDPConn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	c.lastActive = time.Now()
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if len(b) < len(content) {
+	n = min(len(b), len(content))
-		n = len(b)
-	} else {
-		n = len(content)
-	}
 	copy(b, content)
 	return n, nil
 }

pkg/util/util/util.go

@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ func ParseRangeNumbers(rangeStr string) (numbers []int64, err error) {
 	rangeStr = strings.TrimSpace(rangeStr)
 	numbers = make([]int64, 0)
 	// e.g. 1000-2000,2001,2002,3000-4000
-	numRanges := strings.Split(rangeStr, ",")
+	numRanges := strings.SplitSeq(rangeStr, ",")
-	for _, numRangeStr := range numRanges {
+	for numRangeStr := range numRanges {
 		// 1000-2000 or 2001
 		numArray := strings.Split(numRangeStr, "-")
 		// length: only 1 or 2 is correct

server/control.go

@@ -95,20 +95,33 @@ func (cm *ControlManager) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type Control struct {
+// SessionContext encapsulates the input parameters for creating a new Control.
+type SessionContext struct {
 	// all resource managers and controllers
-	rc *controller.ResourceController
+	RC *controller.ResourceController
-
 	// proxy manager
-	pxyManager *proxy.Manager
+	PxyManager *proxy.Manager
-
 	// plugin manager
-	pluginManager *plugin.Manager
+	PluginManager *plugin.Manager
-
 	// verifies authentication based on selected method
-	authVerifier auth.Verifier
+	AuthVerifier auth.Verifier
 	// key used for connection encryption
-	encryptionKey []byte
+	EncryptionKey []byte
+	// control connection
+	Conn net.Conn
+	// indicates whether the connection is encrypted
+	ConnEncrypted bool
+	// login message
+	LoginMsg *msg.Login
+	// server configuration
+	ServerCfg *v1.ServerConfig
+	// client registry
+	ClientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
+}
+
+type Control struct {
+	// session context
+	sessionCtx *SessionContext
 
 	// other components can use this to communicate with client
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter
@@ -117,12 +130,6 @@ type Control struct {
 	// It provides a channel for sending messages, and you can register handlers to process messages based on their respective types.
 	msgDispatcher *msg.Dispatcher
 
-	// login message
-	loginMsg *msg.Login
-
-	// control connection
-	conn net.Conn
-
 	// work connections
 	workConnCh chan net.Conn
 
@@ -145,61 +152,34 @@ type Control struct {
 
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
-	// Server configuration information
-	serverCfg *v1.ServerConfig
-
-	clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
-
 	xl     *xlog.Logger
 	ctx    context.Context
 	doneCh chan struct{}
 }
 
-// TODO(fatedier): Referencing the implementation of frpc, encapsulate the input parameters as SessionContext.
+func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, error) {
-func NewControl(
+	poolCount := min(sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount, int(sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount))
-	ctx context.Context,
-	rc *controller.ResourceController,
-	pxyManager *proxy.Manager,
-	pluginManager *plugin.Manager,
-	authVerifier auth.Verifier,
-	encryptionKey []byte,
-	ctlConn net.Conn,
-	ctlConnEncrypted bool,
-	loginMsg *msg.Login,
-	serverCfg *v1.ServerConfig,
-) (*Control, error) {
-	poolCount := loginMsg.PoolCount
-	if poolCount > int(serverCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount) {
-		poolCount = int(serverCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount)
-	}
 	ctl := &Control{
-		rc:            rc,
+		sessionCtx:   sessionCtx,
-		pxyManager:    pxyManager,
+		workConnCh:   make(chan net.Conn, poolCount+10),
-		pluginManager: pluginManager,
+		proxies:      make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
-		authVerifier:  authVerifier,
+		poolCount:    poolCount,
-		encryptionKey: encryptionKey,
+		portsUsedNum: 0,
-		conn:          ctlConn,
+		runID:        sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
-		loginMsg:      loginMsg,
+		xl:           xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
-		workConnCh:    make(chan net.Conn, poolCount+10),
+		ctx:          ctx,
-		proxies:       make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
+		doneCh:       make(chan struct{}),
-		poolCount:     poolCount,
-		portsUsedNum:  0,
-		runID:         loginMsg.RunID,
-		serverCfg:     serverCfg,
-		xl:            xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		doneCh:        make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now())
 
-	if ctlConnEncrypted {
+	if sessionCtx.ConnEncrypted {
-		cryptoRW, err := netpkg.NewCryptoReadWriter(ctl.conn, ctl.encryptionKey)
+		cryptoRW, err := netpkg.NewCryptoReadWriter(sessionCtx.Conn, sessionCtx.EncryptionKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(cryptoRW)
 	} else {
-		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(ctl.conn)
+		ctl.msgDispatcher = msg.NewDispatcher(sessionCtx.Conn)
 	}
 	ctl.registerMsgHandlers()
 	ctl.msgTransporter = transport.NewMessageTransporter(ctl.msgDispatcher)
@@ -213,7 +193,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Start() {
 		RunID:   ctl.runID,
 		Error:   "",
 	}
-	_ = msg.WriteMsg(ctl.conn, loginRespMsg)
+	_ = msg.WriteMsg(ctl.sessionCtx.Conn, loginRespMsg)
 
 	go func() {
 		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
@@ -225,7 +205,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Start() {
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) Close() error {
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +213,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) Replaced(newCtl *Control) {
 	xl := ctl.xl
 	xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s]", newCtl.runID)
 	ctl.runID = ""
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) RegisterWorkConn(conn net.Conn) error {
@@ -291,7 +271,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) GetWorkConn() (workConn net.Conn, err error) {
 				return
 			}
 
-		case <-time.After(time.Duration(ctl.serverCfg.UserConnTimeout) * time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.UserConnTimeout) * time.Second):
 			err = fmt.Errorf("timeout trying to get work connection")
 			xl.Warnf("%v", err)
 			return
@@ -304,15 +284,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) GetWorkConn() (workConn net.Conn, err error) {
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) heartbeatWorker() {
-	if ctl.serverCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout <= 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout <= 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	xl := ctl.xl
 	go wait.Until(func() {
-		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.serverCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
+		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
 			xl.Warnf("heartbeat timeout")
-			ctl.conn.Close()
+			ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 			return
 		}
 	}, time.Second, ctl.doneCh)
@@ -323,6 +303,30 @@ func (ctl *Control) WaitClosed() {
 	<-ctl.doneCh
 }
 
+func (ctl *Control) loginUserInfo() plugin.UserInfo {
+	return plugin.UserInfo{
+		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
+		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
+		RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+	}
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {
+	pxy.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
+	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
+
+	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
+		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
+		CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
+			ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
+		},
+	}
+	go func() {
+		_ = ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
+	}()
+}
+
 func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	xl := ctl.xl
 
@@ -330,38 +334,23 @@ func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	go ctl.msgDispatcher.Run()
 
 	<-ctl.msgDispatcher.Done()
-	ctl.conn.Close()
+	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
 
 	ctl.mu.Lock()
-	defer ctl.mu.Unlock()
-
 	close(ctl.workConnCh)
 	for workConn := range ctl.workConnCh {
 		workConn.Close()
 	}
+	proxies := ctl.proxies
+	ctl.proxies = make(map[string]proxy.Proxy)
+	ctl.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for _, pxy := range ctl.proxies {
+	for _, pxy := range proxies {
-		pxy.Close()
+		ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
-		ctl.pxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
-		metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
-
-		notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
-			User: plugin.UserInfo{
-				User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-				Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-				RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-			},
-			CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
-				ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
-			},
-		}
-		go func() {
-			_ = ctl.pluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
-		}()
 	}
 
 	metrics.Server.CloseClient()
-	ctl.clientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.ClientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
 	xl.Infof("client exit success")
 	close(ctl.doneCh)
 }
@@ -380,15 +369,11 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NewProxy)
 
 	content := &plugin.NewProxyContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
+		User:     ctl.loginUserInfo(),
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
 		NewProxy: *inMsg,
 	}
 	var remoteAddr string
-	retContent, err := ctl.pluginManager.NewProxy(content)
+	retContent, err := ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.NewProxy(content)
 	if err == nil {
 		inMsg = &retContent.NewProxy
 		remoteAddr, err = ctl.RegisterProxy(inMsg)
@@ -401,15 +386,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("new proxy [%s] type [%s] error: %v", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, err)
 		resp.Error = util.GenerateResponseErrorString(fmt.Sprintf("new proxy [%s] error", inMsg.ProxyName),
-			err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.serverCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient))
+			err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient))
 	} else {
 		resp.RemoteAddr = remoteAddr
 		xl.Infof("new proxy [%s] type [%s] success", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType)
-		clientID := ctl.loginMsg.ClientID
+		clientID := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.ClientID
 		if clientID == "" {
-			clientID = ctl.loginMsg.RunID
+			clientID = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID
 		}
-		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.loginMsg.User, clientID)
+		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
 	}
 	_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(resp)
 }
@@ -419,22 +404,18 @@ func (ctl *Control) handlePing(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.Ping)
 
 	content := &plugin.PingContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
+		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
 		Ping: *inMsg,
 	}
-	retContent, err := ctl.pluginManager.Ping(content)
+	retContent, err := ctl.sessionCtx.PluginManager.Ping(content)
 	if err == nil {
 		inMsg = &retContent.Ping
-		err = ctl.authVerifier.VerifyPing(inMsg)
+		err = ctl.sessionCtx.AuthVerifier.VerifyPing(inMsg)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("received invalid ping: %v", err)
 		_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.Pong{
-			Error: util.GenerateResponseErrorString("invalid ping", err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.serverCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient)),
+			Error: util.GenerateResponseErrorString("invalid ping", err, lo.FromPtr(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.DetailedErrorsToClient)),
 		})
 		return
 	}
@@ -445,17 +426,17 @@ func (ctl *Control) handlePing(m msg.Message) {
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleVisitor(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleVisitor)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleVisitor(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter, ctl.loginMsg.User)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleVisitor(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleClient(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleClient)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleClient(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleClient(inMsg, ctl.msgTransporter)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleNatHoleReport(m msg.Message) {
 	inMsg := m.(*msg.NatHoleReport)
-	ctl.rc.NatHoleController.HandleReport(inMsg)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.RC.NatHoleController.HandleReport(inMsg)
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) handleCloseProxy(m msg.Message) {
@@ -468,15 +449,15 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleCloseProxy(m msg.Message) {
 func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 	var pxyConf v1.ProxyConfigurer
 	// Load configures from NewProxy message and validate.
-	pxyConf, err = config.NewProxyConfigurerFromMsg(pxyMsg, ctl.serverCfg)
+	pxyConf, err = config.NewProxyConfigurerFromMsg(pxyMsg, ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	// User info
 	userInfo := plugin.UserInfo{
-		User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
+		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
-		Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
+		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
 		RunID: ctl.runID,
 	}
 
@@ -484,22 +465,22 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 	// In fact, it creates different proxies based on the proxy type. We just call run() here.
 	pxy, err := proxy.NewProxy(ctl.ctx, &proxy.Options{
 		UserInfo:           userInfo,
-		LoginMsg:           ctl.loginMsg,
+		LoginMsg:           ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg,
 		PoolCount:          ctl.poolCount,
-		ResourceController: ctl.rc,
+		ResourceController: ctl.sessionCtx.RC,
 		GetWorkConnFn:      ctl.GetWorkConn,
 		Configurer:         pxyConf,
-		ServerCfg:          ctl.serverCfg,
+		ServerCfg:          ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg,
-		EncryptionKey:      ctl.encryptionKey,
+		EncryptionKey:      ctl.sessionCtx.EncryptionKey,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return remoteAddr, err
 	}
 
 	// Check ports used number in each client
-	if ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
 		ctl.mu.Lock()
-		if ctl.portsUsedNum+pxy.GetUsedPortsNum() > int(ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient) {
+		if ctl.portsUsedNum+pxy.GetUsedPortsNum() > int(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient) {
 			ctl.mu.Unlock()
 			err = fmt.Errorf("exceed the max_ports_per_client")
 			return
@@ -516,7 +497,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 		}()
 	}
 
-	if ctl.pxyManager.Exist(pxyMsg.ProxyName) {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Exist(pxyMsg.ProxyName) {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("proxy [%s] already exists", pxyMsg.ProxyName)
 		return
 	}
@@ -531,7 +512,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 		}
 	}()
 
-	err = ctl.pxyManager.Add(pxyMsg.ProxyName, pxy)
+	err = ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Add(pxyMsg.ProxyName, pxy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -550,28 +531,12 @@ func (ctl *Control) CloseProxy(closeMsg *msg.CloseProxy) (err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if ctl.serverCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
+	if ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.MaxPortsPerClient > 0 {
 		ctl.portsUsedNum -= pxy.GetUsedPortsNum()
 	}
-	pxy.Close()
-	ctl.pxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
 	delete(ctl.proxies, closeMsg.ProxyName)
 	ctl.mu.Unlock()
 
-	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
+	ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
-
-	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
-		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
-		},
-		CloseProxy: msg.CloseProxy{
-			ProxyName: pxy.GetName(),
-		},
-	}
-	go func() {
-		_ = ctl.pluginManager.CloseProxy(notifyContent)
-	}()
 	return
 }

server/proxy/http.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.HTTPProxyConfig{}), NewHTTPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.HTTPProxyConfig](), NewHTTPProxy)
 }
 
 type HTTPProxy struct {

server/proxy/https.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.HTTPSProxyConfig{}), NewHTTPSProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.HTTPSProxyConfig](), NewHTTPSProxy)
 }
 
 type HTTPSProxy struct {

server/proxy/stcp.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.STCPProxyConfig{}), NewSTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.STCPProxyConfig](), NewSTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type STCPProxy struct {

server/proxy/sudp.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.SUDPProxyConfig{}), NewSUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.SUDPProxyConfig](), NewSUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type SUDPProxy struct {

server/proxy/tcp.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.TCPProxyConfig{}), NewTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.TCPProxyConfig](), NewTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type TCPProxy struct {

server/proxy/tcpmux.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig{}), NewTCPMuxProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig](), NewTCPMuxProxy)
 }
 
 type TCPMuxProxy struct {

server/proxy/udp.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.UDPProxyConfig{}), NewUDPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.UDPProxyConfig](), NewUDPProxy)
 }
 
 type UDPProxy struct {

server/proxy/xtcp.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeOf(&v1.XTCPProxyConfig{}), NewXTCPProxy)
+	RegisterProxyFactory(reflect.TypeFor[*v1.XTCPProxyConfig](), NewXTCPProxy)
 }
 
 type XTCPProxy struct {

server/service.go

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create vhost tcpMuxer error, %v", err)
 		}
-		log.Infof("tcpmux httpconnect multiplexer listen on %s, passthough: %v", address, cfg.TCPMuxPassthrough)
+		log.Infof("tcpmux httpconnect multiplexer listen on %s, passthrough: %v", address, cfg.TCPMuxPassthrough)
 	}
 
 	// Init all plugins
@@ -604,8 +604,18 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(ctlConn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login, inter
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// TODO(fatedier): use SessionContext
+	ctl, err := NewControl(ctx, &SessionContext{
-	ctl, err := NewControl(ctx, svr.rc, svr.pxyManager, svr.pluginManager, authVerifier, svr.auth.EncryptionKey(), ctlConn, !internal, loginMsg, svr.cfg)
+		RC:             svr.rc,
+		PxyManager:     svr.pxyManager,
+		PluginManager:  svr.pluginManager,
+		AuthVerifier:   authVerifier,
+		EncryptionKey:  svr.auth.EncryptionKey(),
+		Conn:           ctlConn,
+		ConnEncrypted:  !internal,
+		LoginMsg:       loginMsg,
+		ServerCfg:      svr.cfg,
+		ClientRegistry: svr.clientRegistry,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("create new controller error: %v", err)
 		// don't return detailed errors to client
@@ -626,7 +636,6 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(ctlConn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login, inter
 		ctl.Close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("client_id [%s] for user [%s] is already online", loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.User)
 	}
-	ctl.clientRegistry = svr.clientRegistry
 
 	ctl.Start()
 
@@ -652,9 +661,9 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterWorkConn(workConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn)
 	// server plugin hook
 	content := &plugin.NewWorkConnContent{
 		User: plugin.UserInfo{
-			User:  ctl.loginMsg.User,
+			User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
-			Metas: ctl.loginMsg.Metas,
+			Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
-			RunID: ctl.loginMsg.RunID,
+			RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
 		},
 		NewWorkConn: *newMsg,
 	}
@@ -662,7 +671,7 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterWorkConn(workConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn)
 	if err == nil {
 		newMsg = &retContent.NewWorkConn
 		// Check auth.
-		err = ctl.authVerifier.VerifyNewWorkConn(newMsg)
+		err = ctl.sessionCtx.AuthVerifier.VerifyNewWorkConn(newMsg)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		xl.Warnf("invalid NewWorkConn with run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
@@ -683,7 +692,7 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterVisitorConn(visitorConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewVis
 		if !exist {
 			return fmt.Errorf("no client control found for run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
 		}
-		visitorUser = ctl.loginMsg.User
+		visitorUser = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User
 	}
 	return svr.rc.VisitorManager.NewConn(newMsg.ProxyName, visitorConn, newMsg.Timestamp, newMsg.SignKey,
 		newMsg.UseEncryption, newMsg.UseCompression, visitorUser)

test/e2e/framework/process.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package framework
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
@@ -20,9 +21,7 @@ func (f *Framework) RunProcesses(serverTemplates []string, clientTemplates []str
 	ExpectNoError(err)
 	ExpectTrue(len(templates) > 0)
 
-	for name, port := range ports {
+	maps.Copy(f.usedPorts, ports)
-		f.usedPorts[name] = port
-	}
 
 	currentServerProcesses := make([]*process.Process, 0, len(serverTemplates))
 	for i := range serverTemplates {

test/e2e/legacy/basic/basic.go

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose a %s echo server", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-				clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+				var clientConf strings.Builder
+				clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -78,10 +79,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			vhost_http_port = %d
 			`, vhostHTTPPort)
 
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -147,13 +149,13 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = test.proxyName + ".example.com"
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 						Explain(test.proxyName + "-" + domain).
@@ -185,7 +187,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			`, vhostHTTPSPort)
 
 			localPort := f.AllocPort()
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
 				[%s]
@@ -229,10 +232,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = test.proxyName + ".example.com"
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			tlsConfig, err := transport.NewServerTLSConfig("", "", "")
 			framework.ExpectNoError(err)
@@ -244,7 +247,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", localServer)
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 						Explain(test.proxyName + "-" + domain).
@@ -282,9 +285,12 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose echo server with %s", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-				clientServerConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1"
+				var clientServerConf strings.Builder
-				clientVisitorConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1"
+				clientServerConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1")
-				clientUser2VisitorConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user2"
+				var clientVisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientVisitorConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user1")
+				var clientUser2VisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = user2")
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -400,20 +406,20 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientServerConf += getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientServerConf.WriteString(getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					config := getProxyVisitorConf(
 						test.proxyName, test.bindPortName, test.visitorSK, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.visitorExtraConfig,
 					) + "\n"
 					if test.deployUser2Client {
-						clientUser2VisitorConf += config
+						clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					} else {
-						clientVisitorConf += config
+						clientVisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					}
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf, clientVisitorConf, clientUser2VisitorConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf.String(), clientVisitorConf.String(), clientUser2VisitorConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					timeout := time.Second
@@ -440,7 +446,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("TCPMUX", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Type tcpmux", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			tcpmuxHTTPConnectPortName := port.GenName("TCPMUX")
 			serverConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -483,14 +490,14 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 
 				localServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(f.AllocPort()), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte(test.proxyName)))
 				f.RunServer(port.GenName(test.proxyName), localServer)
 			}
 
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			// Request without HTTP connect should get error
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).

test/e2e/legacy/basic/server.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Server Manager]", func() {
 		tcpPortName := port.GenName("TCP", port.WithRangePorts(10000, 11000))
 		udpPortName := port.GenName("UDP", port.WithRangePorts(12000, 13000))
 		clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
-			[tcp-allowded-in-range]
+			[tcp-allowed-in-range]
 			type = tcp
 			local_port = {{ .%s }}
 			remote_port = {{ .%s }}

test/e2e/legacy/features/group.go

@@ -48,12 +48,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					return true
 				})
 		}
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		for range 10 {
-			wait.Add(1)
+			wait.Go(func() {
-			go func() {
-				defer wait.Done()
 				expectFn()
-			}()
+			})
 		}
 
 		wait.Wait()
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).Port(remotePort).Ensure(func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					switch string(resp.Content) {
 					case "foo":
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			// check foo and bar is ok
 			results := []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			// close bar server, check foo is ok
 			barServer.Close()
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
 			}
 
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 			results = []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true

test/e2e/legacy/plugin/client.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
 
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("UnixDomainSocket", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Expose a unix domain socket echo server", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.LegacyDefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.LegacyDefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, portName string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -65,10 +67,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(f.PortByName(test.portName)).Ensure()

test/e2e/pkg/port/port.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (pa *Allocator) GetByName(portName string) int {
 	pa.mu.Lock()
 	defer pa.mu.Unlock()
 
-	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+	for range 20 {
 		port := pa.getByRange(builder.rangePortFrom, builder.rangePortTo)
 		if port == 0 {
 			return 0

test/e2e/pkg/ssh/client.go

@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ func (c *TunnelClient) serveListener() {
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		go c.hanldeConn(conn)
+		go c.handleConn(conn)
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *TunnelClient) hanldeConn(conn net.Conn) {
+func (c *TunnelClient) handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
 	defer conn.Close()
 	local, err := net.Dial("tcp", c.localAddr)
 	if err != nil {

test/e2e/v1/basic/basic.go

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose a %s echo server", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-				clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+				var clientConf strings.Builder
+				clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			vhostHTTPPort = %d
 			`, vhostHTTPPort)
 
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = fmt.Sprintf(`["%s"]`, test.proxyName+".example.com")
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					domain = strings.TrimLeft(domain, "[\"")
 					domain = strings.TrimRight(domain, "]\"")
@@ -189,7 +191,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			`, vhostHTTPSPort)
 
 			localPort := f.AllocPort()
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, customDomains string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
 				[[proxies]]
@@ -234,10 +237,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 				if tests[i].customDomains == "" {
 					tests[i].customDomains = fmt.Sprintf(`["%s"]`, test.proxyName+".example.com")
 				}
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, tests[i].customDomains, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			tlsConfig, err := transport.NewServerTLSConfig("", "", "")
 			framework.ExpectNoError(err)
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", localServer)
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				for _, domain := range strings.Split(test.customDomains, ",") {
+				for domain := range strings.SplitSeq(test.customDomains, ",") {
 					domain = strings.TrimSpace(domain)
 					domain = strings.TrimLeft(domain, "[\"")
 					domain = strings.TrimRight(domain, "]\"")
@@ -289,9 +292,12 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 			proxyType := t
 			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("Expose echo server with %s", strings.ToUpper(proxyType)), func() {
 				serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-				clientServerConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\""
+				var clientServerConf strings.Builder
-				clientVisitorConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\""
+				clientServerConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\"")
-				clientUser2VisitorConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user2\""
+				var clientVisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientVisitorConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user1\"")
+				var clientUser2VisitorConf strings.Builder
+				clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig + "\nuser = \"user2\"")
 
 				localPortName := ""
 				protocol := "tcp"
@@ -407,20 +413,20 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 				// build all client config
 				for _, test := range tests {
-					clientServerConf += getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n"
+					clientServerConf.WriteString(getProxyServerConf(test.proxyName, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.proxyExtraConfig) + "\n")
 				}
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					config := getProxyVisitorConf(
 						test.proxyName, test.bindPortName, test.visitorSK, test.commonExtraConfig+"\n"+test.visitorExtraConfig,
 					) + "\n"
 					if test.deployUser2Client {
-						clientUser2VisitorConf += config
+						clientUser2VisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					} else {
-						clientVisitorConf += config
+						clientVisitorConf.WriteString(config)
 					}
 				}
 				// run frps and frpc
-				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf, clientVisitorConf, clientUser2VisitorConf})
+				f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientServerConf.String(), clientVisitorConf.String(), clientUser2VisitorConf.String()})
 
 				for _, test := range tests {
 					timeout := time.Second
@@ -447,7 +453,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("TCPMUX", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Type tcpmux", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			tcpmuxHTTPConnectPortName := port.GenName("TCPMUX")
 			serverConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -491,14 +498,14 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Basic]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 
 				localServer := streamserver.New(streamserver.TCP, streamserver.WithBindPort(f.AllocPort()), streamserver.WithRespContent([]byte(test.proxyName)))
 				f.RunServer(port.GenName(test.proxyName), localServer)
 			}
 
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			// Request without HTTP connect should get error
 			framework.NewRequestExpect(f).

test/e2e/v1/basic/server.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Server Manager]", func() {
 		udpPortName := port.GenName("UDP", port.WithRangePorts(12000, 13000))
 		clientConf += fmt.Sprintf(`
 			[[proxies]]
-			name = "tcp-allowded-in-range"
+			name = "tcp-allowed-in-range"
 			type = "tcp"
 			localPort = {{ .%s }}
 			remotePort = {{ .%s }}

test/e2e/v1/features/group.go

@@ -50,12 +50,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 					return true
 				})
 		}
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		for range 10 {
-			wait.Add(1)
+			wait.Go(func() {
-			go func() {
-				defer wait.Done()
 				expectFn()
-			}()
+			})
 		}
 
 		wait.Wait()
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).Port(remotePort).Ensure(func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					switch string(resp.Content) {
 					case "foo":
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			fooCount := 0
 			barCount := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for i := range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).
 					Explain("times " + strconv.Itoa(i)).
 					Port(vhostHTTPSPort).
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 
 			// check foo and bar is ok
 			results := []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			// close bar server, check foo is ok
 			barServer.Close()
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).ExpectResp([]byte("foo")).Ensure()
 			}
 
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Group]", func() {
 			f.RunServer("", barServer)
 			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 			results = []string{}
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			for range 10 {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(remotePort).Ensure(validateFooBarResponse, func(resp *request.Response) bool {
 					results = append(results, string(resp.Content))
 					return true

test/e2e/v1/plugin/client.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 	ginkgo.Describe("UnixDomainSocket", func() {
 		ginkgo.It("Expose a unix domain socket echo server", func() {
 			serverConf := consts.DefaultServerConfig
-			clientConf := consts.DefaultClientConfig
+			var clientConf strings.Builder
+			clientConf.WriteString(consts.DefaultClientConfig)
 
 			getProxyConf := func(proxyName string, portName string, extra string) string {
 				return fmt.Sprintf(`
@@ -69,10 +71,10 @@ var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: Client-Plugins]", func() {
 
 			// build all client config
 			for _, test := range tests {
-				clientConf += getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n"
+				clientConf.WriteString(getProxyConf(test.proxyName, test.portName, test.extraConfig) + "\n")
 			}
 			// run frps and frpc
-			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf})
+			f.RunProcesses([]string{serverConf}, []string{clientConf.String()})
 
 			for _, test := range tests {
 				framework.NewRequestExpect(f).Port(f.PortByName(test.portName)).Ensure()