ssh: fix malformed exec payload panic (#5428 )

fix(server): prevent control replacement lifecycle leaks (#5424 )
fix: fail fast on cross-compile errors (#5420 )
2026-07-22 00:29:19 +08:00 · 2026-07-21 23:04:56 +08:00 · 2026-07-21 18:09:09 +08:00 · 2026-07-16 16:40:48 +08:00 · 2026-07-16 13:11:45 +08:00 · 2026-07-11 22:44:45 +08:00
47 changed files with 4591 additions and 736 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build-and-push-image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-and-push-image.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          context: .
          file: ./dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frpc
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le
          push: true
          tags: |
            ${{ env.TAG_FRPC }}
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          context: .
          file: ./dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frps
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le,linux/s390x
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le
          push: true
          tags: |
            ${{ env.TAG_FRPS }}
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ linters:
    - legacy
    - std-error-handling
    rules:
+    # Keep h2c and HTTP/1.1 Upgrade:h2c compatibility until an explicit migration.
+    - linters:
+      - staticcheck
+      path: ^pkg/util/vhost/http\.go$
+      text: "^SA1019:"
    - linters:
      - errcheck
      - maligned
--- a/Makefile.cross-compiles
+++ b/Makefile.cross-compiles
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ all: build
 build: app

 app:
-	@$(foreach n, $(os-archs), \
+	@set -e; $(foreach n, $(os-archs), \
 		os=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 1); \
 		arch=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 2); \
 		extra=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 3); \
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@

 [![Build Status](https://circleci.com/gh/fatedier/frp.svg?style=shield)](https://circleci.com/gh/fatedier/frp)
 [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/tag/fatedier/frp.svg?label=release)](https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases)
-[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/fatedier/frp)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/fatedier/frp)
 [![GitHub Releases Stats](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/fatedier/frp/total.svg?logo=github)](https://somsubhra.github.io/github-release-stats/?username=fatedier&repository=frp)

 [README](README.md) | [中文文档](README_zh.md)
@@ -13,6 +12,16 @@ frp is an open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirel

 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<div align="center">
+
+## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
+
+If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
+
+an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
+
+</div>
+
 <p align="center">
  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
@@ -30,16 +39,6 @@ frp is an open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirel
 	<sub>An open source, self-hosted alternative to public clouds, built for data ownership and privacy</sub>
  </a>
 </p>
-
-<div align="center">
-
-## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
-
-If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
-
-an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
-
-</div>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->

 ## What is frp?
--- a/README_zh.md
+++ b/README_zh.md
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ frp 是一个完全开源的项目，我们的开发工作完全依靠赞助者

 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<div align="center">
+
+## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
+
+If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
+
+an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
+
+</div>
+
 <p align="center">
  <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
    <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
@@ -32,16 +42,6 @@ frp 是一个完全开源的项目，我们的开发工作完全依靠赞助者
 	<sub>An open source, self-hosted alternative to public clouds, built for data ownership and privacy</sub>
  </a>
 </p>
-
-<div align="center">
-
-## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
-
-If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
-
-an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
-
-</div>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->

 ## 为什么使用 frp ？
--- a/Release.md
+++ b/Release.md
@@ -1,10 +1,4 @@
-## Features
-
-* Added dashboard API v2 pagination endpoints for users, clients, and proxies.
-* The frps dashboard Clients and Proxies pages now use API v2 pagination and server-side search, including proxy type filtering and searchable proxy spec fields such as remote ports, custom domains, and subdomains.
-
 ## Fixes

-* WebSocket and WSS tunnel payloads are now sent as binary frames, avoiding disconnects through RFC-compliant intermediaries that validate text frames as UTF-8.
-* The `tls2raw` client plugin now writes the proxy protocol header to the local raw connection when proxy protocol is enabled.
-* frpc now rejects duplicate proxy and visitor names in config files instead of silently overwriting earlier entries.
+* Fixed control-session replacement leaks when frpc reconnects through a half-open TCP multiplexed connection.
+* Fixed an SSH tunnel gateway panic when handling malformed exec requests.
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ go 1.25.0
 require (
 	github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.14.1
-	github.com/fatedier/golib v0.7.0
+	github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4
 	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0
-	github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0
@@ -26,11 +25,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.17.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
 	github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.10.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
@@ -53,9 +52,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon v1.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
@@ -67,11 +63,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tjfoc/gmsm v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.37.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
-github.com/fatedier/golib v0.7.0 h1:tMDF9ObcwVt59VUHroJOzHQjVFPLymZVMpGm9WAVwhY=
-github.com/fatedier/golib v0.7.0/go.mod h1:ArUGvPg2cOw/py2RAuBt46nNZH2VQ5Z70p109MAZpJw=
+github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.0 h1:LQC8Mly/N71CUnFmgZMfQGrCA4h0tghg9pcDx58uG10=
+github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.0/go.mod h1:ArUGvPg2cOw/py2RAuBt46nNZH2VQ5Z70p109MAZpJw=
 github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6 h1:u92UUy6FURPmNsMBUuongRWC0rBqN6gd01Dzu+D21NE=
 github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6/go.mod h1:c5/tk6G0dSpXGzJN7Wk1OEie8grdSJAmeawId9Zvd34=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 h1:M6T8+mKZl/+fNNuFHvGIzDz7BTLQPIounk/b9dw3AaE=
@@ -78,14 +78,6 @@ github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3 h1:hID7cr8t3Wp26+cYnfcjR6HpJ00fdogN6dqZ1t6IylU=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3/go.mod h1:8D9+Txp43QWKhM24yyOBEdpkzN8FvJyAwecBgsU4KU0=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0 h1:QLgLl2yMN7N+ruc31VynXs1vhMZa7CeHHejIeBAsoHo=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
-github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10 h1:k9ekkq1kaZoxnNEbyLKI8DI37j/Nbk1HWmMuywpQJgg=
-github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10/go.mod h1:YEmmBYIoBsY3jmG56dsziTv/Lca9y4Om83370CXfqJ8=
-github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4 h1:tTew+7cmQ+Mc1pTBLKH2puKsOvhm32dROumOZ655zB8=
-github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4/go.mod h1:DffhXTKYdNZU+KtJ5pyQDjvOAh/GsNSyv1lbkFbe3so=
-github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1 h1:CkQxveJ4xGQjulGSROXbXq94TAWu8gIX2dT+ePhUkqw=
-github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:qC1DfmcCTQjl9PBaMa5wSn3x9IPmKxSdcCsxBcDBndM=
-github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1 h1:sdROELU6BZ63Ab7FrOLn13M6YdJLY20wldXW2Cu2k8o=
-github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1/go.mod h1:nEuEA4AD5lPdcIegQDpVLgNoDGreqM/YqmEx3ovP4jM=
 github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0 h1:IukmRewDQFWC7kfnb66CSomk2q/seBuilHBYFwyq0Hs=
 github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Vz/1JPY/OACxWGQNIRY2BeyDmpoaWmEP40O9LbuiFR4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
@@ -146,8 +138,6 @@ github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0 h1:X7l42GfcV4S6E4vHTsw48qbrV+9PVojNfIhZcwQ
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0/go.mod h1:i6NetklAujEcC6fK0JPjT8qSwWyO0HLn4UKG+hGqeJs=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 h1:Oeaw1EM2JMxD51g9uhtC0D7erkIjgmj8+JZc26m1YX8=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
-github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 h1:J3VJGi1gvo0JwZ/P1/Yc/8p63SoW98B5dHkYDmpgvvU=
-github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5/go.mod h1:eay5PRQr7fIVAMbTbchTnO9gG65Hg/uYGdc7mguHxoA=
 github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13 h1:FEjtz9+D4p8t2x4WjciGt/jsIuhlWjjgPCCWjrVR4Hk=
 github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13/go.mod h1:75S1AKYYzNUSXIv30h+jPKJYZUwqpfvLshu63nCNSOM=
 github.com/xtaci/lossyconn v0.0.0-20200209145036-adba10fffc37 h1:EWU6Pktpas0n8lLQwDsRyZfmkPeRbdgPtW609es+/9E=
@@ -159,30 +149,30 @@ go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2/go.mod h1:wLlUxC2vVTPTaE3UD51E0BGOAElKrILxhVSDYQLld5o=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201012173705-84dcc777aaee/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 h1:+Ng2ULVvLHnJ/ZFEq4KdcDd/cfjrrjjNSXNzxg0Y4U4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0/go.mod h1:ErX4dUh2UM+CFYiXZRTcMpEcN8b/1gxEuv3nODoYtCA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 h1:tHFzIWbBifEmbwtGz65eaWyGiGZatSrT9prnU8DbVL8=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0/go.mod h1:swjeQEj+6r7fODbD2cqrnje9PnziFuw4bmLbBZFrQ5w=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.37.0 h1:vF1DjpVEshcIqoEaauuHebaLk1O1forxjxBaVn884JQ=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.37.0/go.mod h1:m8S8VeM9r4dzDwjrKO0a1sZP3YjeMamRRlD+fmR2Q/0=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190213061140-3a22650c66bd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201010224723-4f7140c49acb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0 h1:He/TN1l0e4mmR3QqHMT2Xab3Aj3L9qjbhRm78/6jrW0=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0/go.mod h1:R1MAz7uMZxVMualyPXb+VaqGSa3LIaUqk0eEt3w36Sw=
+golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 h1:Rw8j/hFzGvJUZwNBXnAtf5sVDVt+65SK2C7IxCxZt5o=
+golang.org/x/net v0.56.0/go.mod h1:D3Ku6r+V6JROoZK144D2XfMHFcMq/0zSfLelVTCFKec=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0 h1:CrgCKl8PPAVtLnU3c+EDw6x11699EWlsDeWNWKdIOkc=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0/go.mod h1:onh5ek6nERTohokkhCD/y2cV4Do3fxFHFuAejCkRWT8=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -190,14 +180,14 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 h1:omrd2nAlyT5ESRdCLYdm3+fMfNFE/+Rf4bDIQImRJeo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0 h1:QCgPso/Q3RTJx2Th4bDLqML4W6iJiaXFq2/ftQF13YU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0/go.mod h1:3pfBgksrReYfZ5lvYM0kSO0LIkAl4Yl2bXOkKP7Ec2A=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 h1:JOVx6vVDFokkpaq1AEptVzLTpDe9KGpj5tR4/X+ybL8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0/go.mod h1:khi/HExzZJ2pGnjenulevKNX1W67CUy0AsXcNubPGCA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 h1:Ub2Z6/xjgF1WrYQz2nuITOEegKFtiIy+rieRJ5lHZKs=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0/go.mod h1:hpnzDAfGV753zIKo+wk3u1bVKCGPbrnF7+7LBF/UHVY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 h1:3usCWA8tQn0L8+hFJQNgzpWbd89begxN66o1Ojdn5L4=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -205,8 +195,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGm
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190524140312-2c0ae7006135/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 h1:uNgphsn75Tdz5Ji2q36v/nsFSfR/9BRFvqhGBaJGd5k=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Ma6lCIwGZvHK6XtgbswSoWroEkhugApmsXyrUmBhfr0=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 h1:7Kn5x/d1svx/PzryTsqeoZN4TZwqeH5pGWjefhLi/1Q=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0/go.mod h1:dFHnyTvFWY212G+h7ZY4Vsp/K3U4/7W9TyVaAul8uCA=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
--- a/pkg/metrics/mem/server.go
+++ b/pkg/metrics/mem/server.go
@@ -95,9 +95,7 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) clearUselessInfo(continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	total = len(m.info.ProxyStatistics)
 	for name, data := range m.info.ProxyStatistics {
-		if !data.LastCloseTime.IsZero() &&
-			data.LastStartTime.Before(data.LastCloseTime) &&
-			m.clock.Since(data.LastCloseTime) > continuousOfflineDuration {
+		if m.shouldClearProxyStats(data, continuousOfflineDuration) {
 			delete(m.info.ProxyStatistics, name)
 			count++
 			log.Tracef("clear proxy [%s]'s statistics data, lastCloseTime: [%s]", name, data.LastCloseTime.String())
@@ -106,10 +104,20 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) clearUselessInfo(continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration
 	return count, total
 }

+func (m *serverMetrics) shouldClearProxyStats(data *ProxyStatistics, continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration) bool {
+	return !data.LastCloseTime.IsZero() &&
+		data.LastStartTime.Before(data.LastCloseTime) &&
+		m.clock.Since(data.LastCloseTime) > continuousOfflineDuration
+}
+
 func (m *serverMetrics) ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
 	return m.clearUselessInfo(0)
 }

+func (m *serverMetrics) PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
+	return m.clearUselessInfo(0)
+}
+
 func (m *serverMetrics) NewClient() {
 	m.info.ClientCounts.Inc(1)
 }
@@ -231,9 +239,11 @@ func toProxyStats(name string, proxyStats *ProxyStatistics) *ProxyStats {
 	}
 	if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
 		ps.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+		ps.LastStartAt = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Unix()
 	}
 	if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
 		ps.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+		ps.LastCloseAt = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Unix()
 	}
 	return ps
 }
--- a/pkg/metrics/mem/server_test.go
+++ b/pkg/metrics/mem/server_test.go
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ func TestServerMetricsUsesClockForProxyTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
 	clk.SetTime(closedAt)
 	metrics.CloseProxy("proxy", "tcp")
 	require.Equal(closedAt, metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["proxy"].LastCloseTime)
+
+	stats := metrics.GetProxyByName("proxy")
+	require.Equal(start.Format("01-02 15:04:05"), stats.LastStartTime)
+	require.Equal(closedAt.Format("01-02 15:04:05"), stats.LastCloseTime)
+	require.Equal(start.Unix(), stats.LastStartAt)
+	require.Equal(closedAt.Unix(), stats.LastCloseAt)
 }

 func TestServerMetricsClearUselessInfoUsesClock(t *testing.T) {
@@ -43,6 +49,70 @@ func TestServerMetricsClearUselessInfoUsesClock(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Empty(metrics.info.ProxyStatistics)
 }

+func TestServerMetricsClearOfflineProxiesPreservesLegacyTotal(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	start := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 12, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	clk := clocktesting.NewFakeClock(start.Add(time.Minute))
+	metrics := newServerMetricsWithClock(clk)
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["offline"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "offline",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(-time.Hour),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["online"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "online",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := metrics.ClearOfflineProxies()
+
+	require.Equal(1, cleared)
+	require.Equal(2, total)
+	require.False(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("offline"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("online"))
+}
+
+func TestServerMetricsPruneOfflineProxiesReportsTotalStats(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	start := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 12, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	clk := clocktesting.NewFakeClock(start.Add(time.Minute))
+	metrics := newServerMetricsWithClock(clk)
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["offline"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "offline",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(-time.Hour),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["online"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "online",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["restarted"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "restarted",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(30 * time.Second),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["same-time"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "same-time",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := metrics.PruneOfflineProxies()
+
+	require.Equal(1, cleared)
+	require.Equal(4, total)
+	require.False(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("offline"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("online"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("restarted"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("same-time"))
+
+	cleared, total = metrics.PruneOfflineProxies()
+	require.Equal(0, cleared)
+	require.Equal(3, total)
+}
+
 func TestServerMetricsRunUsesClockTicker(t *testing.T) {
 	require := require.New(t)

--- a/pkg/metrics/mem/types.go
+++ b/pkg/metrics/mem/types.go
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type ProxyStats struct {
 	TodayTrafficOut int64
 	LastStartTime   string
 	LastCloseTime   string
+	LastStartAt     int64
+	LastCloseAt     int64
 	CurConns        int64
 }

@@ -85,4 +87,5 @@ type Collector interface {
 	GetProxyByName(proxyName string) *ProxyStats
 	GetProxyTraffic(name string) *ProxyTrafficInfo
 	ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int)
+	PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int)
 }
--- a/pkg/nathole/discovery.go
+++ b/pkg/nathole/discovery.go
@@ -15,31 +15,24 @@
 package nathole

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/pion/stun/v3"
+	"github.com/fatedier/golib/net/stun"
 )

 var responseTimeout = 3 * time.Second

-type Message struct {
-	Body []byte
-	Addr string
-}
-
 // If the localAddr is empty, it will listen on a random port.
 func Discover(stunServers []string, localAddr string) ([]string, net.Addr, error) {
-	// create a discoverConn and get response from messageChan
 	discoverConn, err := listen(localAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	defer discoverConn.Close()

-	go discoverConn.readLoop()
-
 	addresses := make([]string, 0, len(stunServers))
 	for _, addr := range stunServers {
 		// get external address from stun server
@@ -59,9 +52,8 @@ type stunResponse struct {

 type discoverConn struct {
 	conn      *net.UDPConn
-
+	client    *stun.Client
 	localAddr net.Addr
-	messageChan chan *Message
 }

 func listen(localAddr string) (*discoverConn, error) {
@@ -77,82 +69,50 @@ func listen(localAddr string) (*discoverConn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	client, err := stun.NewClient(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}

 	return &discoverConn{
 		conn:      conn,
+		client:    client,
 		localAddr: conn.LocalAddr(),
-		messageChan: make(chan *Message, 10),
 	}, nil
 }

 func (c *discoverConn) Close() error {
-	if c.messageChan != nil {
-		close(c.messageChan)
-		c.messageChan = nil
-	}
 	return c.conn.Close()
 }

-func (c *discoverConn) readLoop() {
-	for {
-		buf := make([]byte, 1024)
-		n, addr, err := c.conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		buf = buf[:n]
-
-		c.messageChan <- &Message{
-			Body: buf,
-			Addr: addr.String(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (c *discoverConn) doSTUNRequest(addr string) (*stunResponse, error) {
 	serverAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp4", addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	request, err := stun.Build(stun.TransactionID, stun.BindingRequest)
+	transaction, err := stun.NewBindingTransaction(serverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	if err = request.NewTransactionID(); err != nil {
+	if err := c.conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(responseTimeout)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if _, err := c.conn.WriteTo(request.Raw, serverAddr); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var m stun.Message
-	select {
-	case msg := <-c.messageChan:
-		m.Raw = msg.Body
-		if err := m.Decode(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	case <-time.After(responseTimeout):
+	response, err := c.client.Do(transaction)
+	if err != nil {
+		var netErr net.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &netErr) && netErr.Timeout() {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait response from stun server timeout")
 		}
-	xorAddrGetter := &stun.XORMappedAddress{}
-	mappedAddrGetter := &stun.MappedAddress{}
-	changedAddrGetter := ChangedAddress{}
-	otherAddrGetter := &stun.OtherAddress{}
+		return nil, err
+	}

 	resp := &stunResponse{}
-	if err := mappedAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.externalAddr = mappedAddrGetter.String()
+	if response.MappedAddr != nil {
+		resp.externalAddr = response.MappedAddr.String()
 	}
-	if err := xorAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.externalAddr = xorAddrGetter.String()
-	}
-	if err := changedAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.otherAddr = changedAddrGetter.String()
-	}
-	if err := otherAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.otherAddr = otherAddrGetter.String()
+	if response.OtherAddr != nil {
+		resp.otherAddr = response.OtherAddr.String()
 	}
 	return resp, nil
 }
--- a/pkg/nathole/discovery_test.go
+++ b/pkg/nathole/discovery_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+package nathole
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/golib/net/stun"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+const (
+	testBindingRequest  = 0x0001
+	testBindingSuccess  = 0x0101
+	testBindingError    = 0x0111
+	testMagicCookie     = 0x2112a442
+	testAttrMapped      = 0x0001
+	testAttrChanged     = 0x0005
+	testAttrErrorCode   = 0x0009
+	testAttrXORMapped   = 0x0020
+	testAttrOther       = 0x802c
+	testSTUNHeaderSize  = 20
+	testSTUNServerLimit = time.Second
+)
+
+type testSTUNAttribute struct {
+	typ   uint16
+	value []byte
+}
+
+type testSTUNExchange struct {
+	source *net.UDPAddr
+	err    error
+}
+
+func listenTestUDP4(t *testing.T) *net.UDPConn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+	return conn
+}
+
+func serveOneSTUNRequest(
+	server *net.UDPConn,
+	buildResponse func([]byte, *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error),
+) <-chan testSTUNExchange {
+	done := make(chan testSTUNExchange, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(testSTUNServerLimit)); err != nil {
+			done <- testSTUNExchange{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
+		n, source, err := server.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
+		if err == nil && buildResponse != nil {
+			var response []byte
+			response, err = buildResponse(buffer[:n], source)
+			if err == nil && response != nil {
+				_, err = server.WriteToUDP(response, source)
+			}
+		}
+		done <- testSTUNExchange{source: source, err: err}
+	}()
+	return done
+}
+
+func waitSTUNExchange(t *testing.T, done <-chan testSTUNExchange) *net.UDPAddr {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	select {
+	case exchange := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, exchange.err)
+		return exchange.source
+	case <-time.After(testSTUNServerLimit):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for local STUN server")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeTestSTUNResponse(request []byte, typ uint16, attributes ...testSTUNAttribute) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(request) != testSTUNHeaderSize || binary.BigEndian.Uint16(request[0:2]) != testBindingRequest ||
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint32(request[4:8]) != testMagicCookie {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid Binding request")
+	}
+
+	length := 0
+	for _, attribute := range attributes {
+		length += 4 + (len(attribute.value)+3)&^3
+	}
+	response := make([]byte, testSTUNHeaderSize, testSTUNHeaderSize+length)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[0:2], typ)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[2:4], uint16(length))
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(response[4:8], testMagicCookie)
+	copy(response[8:20], request[8:20])
+
+	for _, attribute := range attributes {
+		start := len(response)
+		paddedLength := (len(attribute.value) + 3) &^ 3
+		response = append(response, make([]byte, 4+paddedLength)...)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[start:start+2], attribute.typ)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[start+2:start+4], uint16(len(attribute.value)))
+		copy(response[start+4:], attribute.value)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func testIPv4AddressValue(ip net.IP, port int, xor bool) []byte {
+	value := make([]byte, 8)
+	value[1] = 0x01
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(value[2:4], uint16(port))
+	copy(value[4:], ip.To4())
+	if xor {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(value[2:4], binary.BigEndian.Uint16(value[2:4])^uint16(testMagicCookie>>16))
+		for i := range 4 {
+			value[4+i] ^= byte(uint32(testMagicCookie) >> uint(24-8*i))
+		}
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverReusesLocalPortAndPreservesNATClassification(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		secondMapped     string
+		secondMappedPort int
+		wantNATType      string
+		wantBehavior     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "same mapped address",
+			secondMapped:     "198.51.100.10:40000",
+			secondMappedPort: 40000,
+			wantNATType:      EasyNAT,
+			wantBehavior:     BehaviorNoChange,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "different mapped port",
+			secondMapped:     "198.51.100.10:40001",
+			secondMappedPort: 40001,
+			wantNATType:      HardNAT,
+			wantBehavior:     BehaviorPortChanged,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			primary := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			alternate := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			alternateAddr := alternate.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+
+			primaryDone := serveOneSTUNRequest(primary, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.10"), 40000, true)},
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(alternateAddr.IP, alternateAddr.Port, false)},
+				)
+			})
+			alternateDone := serveOneSTUNRequest(alternate, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.10"), tt.secondMappedPort, true)},
+				)
+			})
+
+			addresses, localAddr, err := Discover([]string{primary.LocalAddr().String()}, "")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"198.51.100.10:40000", tt.secondMapped}, addresses)
+
+			primarySource := waitSTUNExchange(t, primaryDone)
+			alternateSource := waitSTUNExchange(t, alternateDone)
+			require.Equal(t, primarySource.Port, alternateSource.Port)
+			require.Equal(t, localAddr.(*net.UDPAddr).Port, primarySource.Port)
+
+			feature, err := ClassifyNATFeature(addresses, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantNATType, feature.NatType)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantBehavior, feature.Behavior)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDoSTUNRequestMapsLegacyAndModernAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		attributes   []testSTUNAttribute
+		wantExternal string
+		wantOther    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "legacy",
+			attributes: []testSTUNAttribute{
+				{typ: testAttrMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), 1000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrChanged, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+			},
+			wantExternal: "192.0.2.1:1000",
+			wantOther:    "192.0.2.2:2000",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modern takes precedence",
+			attributes: []testSTUNAttribute{
+				{typ: testAttrMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), 1000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.1"), 3000, true)},
+				{typ: testAttrChanged, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.2"), 4000, false)},
+			},
+			wantExternal: "198.51.100.1:3000",
+			wantOther:    "198.51.100.2:4000",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess, tt.attributes...)
+			})
+			conn, err := listen("")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+			response, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantExternal, response.externalAddr)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantOther, response.otherAddr)
+			waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSTUNResponseErrorsAndMissingAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		buildResponse func([]byte, *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error)
+		request       func(*discoverConn, string) error
+		checkError    func(*testing.T, error)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "correlated malformed response",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				response, err := makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess)
+				if err == nil {
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[2:4], 4)
+				}
+				return response, err
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, stun.ErrMalformedResponse)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Binding error response",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingError, testSTUNAttribute{
+					typ:   testAttrErrorCode,
+					value: []byte{0, 0, 4, 20, 'U', 'n', 'k', 'n', 'o', 'w', 'n'},
+				})
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				var responseErr *stun.ResponseError
+				require.ErrorAs(t, err, &responseErr)
+				require.Equal(t, 420, responseErr.Code)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing mapped address",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+				)
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.discoverFromStunServer(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, "no external address found")
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, tt.buildResponse)
+			conn, err := listen("")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+			err = tt.request(conn, server.LocalAddr().String())
+			tt.checkError(t, err)
+			waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("missing other address", func(t *testing.T) {
+		server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+		done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+			return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+				testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.1"), 3000, true)},
+			)
+		})
+
+		_, err := Prepare([]string{server.LocalAddr().String()}, PrepareOptions{})
+		require.EqualError(t, err, "discover error: not enough addresses")
+		waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSTUNTimeoutUsesCallerDeadlineWithoutRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	originalTimeout := responseTimeout
+	responseTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { responseTimeout = originalTimeout })
+
+	server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, nil)
+	conn, err := listen("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	_, err = conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "wait response from stun server timeout")
+	waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+
+	require.NoError(t, server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(50*time.Millisecond)))
+	_, _, err = server.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	var netErr net.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &netErr)
+	require.True(t, netErr.Timeout())
+}
+
+func TestSTUNClientLeavesSocketAndDeadlineWithCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	originalTimeout := responseTimeout
+	responseTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { responseTimeout = originalTimeout })
+
+	server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	unrelated := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, source *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+		response, err := makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+			testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.5"), 5000, true)},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if _, err := unrelated.WriteToUDP(response, source); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	})
+	conn, err := listen("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	response, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "198.51.100.5:5000", response.externalAddr)
+	waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+
+	_, _, err = conn.conn.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	var netErr net.Error
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &netErr))
+	require.True(t, netErr.Timeout())
+
+	require.NoError(t, conn.conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{}))
+	require.NoError(t, server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(testSTUNServerLimit)))
+	_, err = conn.conn.WriteToUDP([]byte{1}, server.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, source, err := server.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, conn.localAddr.(*net.UDPAddr).Port, source.Port)
+}
--- a/pkg/nathole/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/nathole/utils.go
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"strconv"

 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
-	"github.com/pion/stun/v3"

 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 )
@@ -48,20 +46,6 @@ func DecodeMessageInto(data, key []byte, m msg.Message) error {
 	return msg.ReadMsgInto(bytes.NewReader(buf), m)
 }

-type ChangedAddress struct {
-	IP   net.IP
-	Port int
-}
-
-func (s *ChangedAddress) GetFrom(m *stun.Message) error {
-	a := (*stun.MappedAddress)(s)
-	return a.GetFromAs(m, stun.AttrChangedAddress)
-}
-
-func (s *ChangedAddress) String() string {
-	return net.JoinHostPort(s.IP.String(), strconv.Itoa(s.Port))
-}
-
 func ListAllLocalIPs() ([]net.IP, error) {
 	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
 	if err != nil {
--- a/pkg/ssh/server.go
+++ b/pkg/ssh/server.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package ssh

 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@ type tcpipForward struct {
 	Port uint32
 }

+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4254#section-6.5
+type execPayload struct {
+	Command string
+}
+
 // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4254#page-16
 type forwardedTCPPayload struct {
 	Addr string
@@ -309,14 +313,13 @@ func (s *TunnelServer) handleNewChannel(channel ssh.NewChannel, extraPayloadCh c
 		if req.WantReply {
 			_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
 		}
-		if req.Type != "exec" || len(req.Payload) <= 4 {
+		if req.Type != "exec" {
 			continue
 		}
-		end := 4 + binary.BigEndian.Uint32(req.Payload[:4])
-		if len(req.Payload) < int(end) {
+		extraPayload, ok := parseExecPayload(req.Payload)
+		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		extraPayload := string(req.Payload[4:end])
 		select {
 		case extraPayloadCh <- extraPayload:
 		default:
@@ -324,6 +327,14 @@ func (s *TunnelServer) handleNewChannel(channel ssh.NewChannel, extraPayloadCh c
 	}
 }

+func parseExecPayload(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	var msg execPayload
+	if err := ssh.Unmarshal(payload, &msg); err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return msg.Command, true
+}
+
 func (s *TunnelServer) keepAlive(ch ssh.Channel) {
 	tk := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 30)
 	defer tk.Stop()
--- a/pkg/ssh/server_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ssh/server_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+func TestParseExecPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	payload := cryptossh.Marshal(&execPayload{Command: "tcp --remote_port 6000"})
+
+	got, ok := parseExecPayload(payload)
+
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "tcp --remote_port 6000", got)
+}
+
+func TestParseExecPayloadRejectsMalformedPayloads(t *testing.T) {
+	overflowLength := make([]byte, 5)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(overflowLength[:4], ^uint32(0))
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		payload []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "empty",
+			payload: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "short length prefix",
+			payload: []byte{0, 0, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "declared length exceeds remaining payload",
+			payload: []byte{0, 0, 0, 2, 'x'},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "overflow length",
+			payload: overflowLength,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var (
+				got string
+				ok  bool
+			)
+			require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+				got, ok = parseExecPayload(tc.payload)
+			})
+			require.False(t, ok)
+			require.Empty(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/util/version/version.go
+++ b/pkg/util/version/version.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

 package version

-var version = "0.69.1"
+var version = "0.70.1"

 func Full() string {
 	return version
--- a/server/api_router.go
+++ b/server/api_router.go
@@ -49,12 +49,15 @@ func (svr *Service) registerRouteHandlers(helper *httppkg.RouterRegisterHelper)
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.DeleteProxies)).Methods("DELETE")

 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/users", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2UserList)).Methods("GET")
+	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/info", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2SystemInfo)).Methods("GET")
+	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/prune", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2SystemPrune)).Methods("POST")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ClientList)).Methods("GET")
 	v2EncodedPathRouter := subRouter.NewRoute().Subrouter()
 	v2EncodedPathRouter.UseEncodedPath()
 	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyList)).Methods("GET")
-	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods("GET")
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyTraffic)).Methods("GET")
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods("GET")

 	// view
 	subRouter.Handle("/favicon.ico", http.FileServer(helper.AssetsFS)).Methods("GET")
--- a/server/control.go
+++ b/server/control.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -40,55 +41,311 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
 )

+type ControlID uint64
+
+var nextControlID atomic.Uint64
+
+type controlEntry struct {
+	ctl *Control
+	id  ControlID
+	// runMu serializes lifecycle and routing decisions for one run ID.
+	// Replacements inherit it; removing the entry releases the manager's reference.
+	runMu *sync.Mutex
+
+	registryOnline    bool
+	registryControlID ControlID
+}
+
 type ControlManager struct {
 	// controls indexed by run id
-	ctlsByRunID map[string]*Control
+	ctlsByRunID map[string]*controlEntry
+	registry    *registry.ClientRegistry
+	closed      bool

 	mu sync.RWMutex
 }

-func NewControlManager() *ControlManager {
+func NewControlManager(clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry) *ControlManager {
 	return &ControlManager{
-		ctlsByRunID: make(map[string]*Control),
+		ctlsByRunID: make(map[string]*controlEntry),
+		registry:    clientRegistry,
 	}
 }

-func (cm *ControlManager) Add(runID string, ctl *Control) (old *Control) {
+// lockCurrentRun returns the current entry with its run gate held. It never
+// waits for the gate while holding cm.mu and revalidates the gate after waiting.
+// The global order is runMu, cm.mu, ctl.lifecycleMu, then registry locks.
+func (cm *ControlManager) lockCurrentRun(runID string, allowClosed bool) (*controlEntry, bool) {
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	entry, ok := cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if cm.closed && !allowClosed {
+		ok = false
+	}
+	cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	runMu := entry.runMu
+	runMu.Lock()
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	entry, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if (cm.closed && !allowClosed) || !ok || entry.runMu != runMu {
+		ok = false
+	}
+	cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		runMu.Unlock()
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return entry, true
+}
+
+// Add makes ctl the pending current generation and records the predecessor
+// finalization barrier it must wait for before activation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Add(ctl *Control) error {
+	for {
+		// Never wait for a run gate while holding cm.mu.
+		cm.mu.RLock()
+		old := cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID]
+		cm.mu.RUnlock()
+		if old != nil {
+			old.runMu.Lock()
+		}
+
+		cm.mu.Lock()
+		if cm.closed {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("control manager is closed")
+		}
+		if cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != old {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		id := ControlID(nextControlID.Add(1))
+		if err := ctl.admit(cm, id); err != nil {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		runMu := &sync.Mutex{}
+		if old != nil {
+			runMu = old.runMu
+		}
+		entry := &controlEntry{ctl: ctl, id: id, runMu: runMu}
+		var (
+			oldCtl  *Control
+			barrier <-chan struct{}
+		)
+		if old != nil {
+			oldCtl = old.ctl
+			barrier = oldCtl.markReplaced()
+			ctl.setHandoffBarrier(barrier)
+			entry.registryOnline = old.registryOnline
+			entry.registryControlID = old.registryControlID
+		}
+		cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] = entry
+		cm.mu.Unlock()
+		if old != nil {
+			old.runMu.Unlock()
+		}
+
+		if oldCtl != nil {
+			oldCtl.Replaced(ctl)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Activate registers ctl as online only if it is still the pending current
+// generation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Activate(ctl *Control) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
 	cm.mu.Lock()
 	defer cm.mu.Unlock()

-	var ok bool
-	old, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
-	if ok {
-		old.Replaced(ctl)
-	}
-	cm.ctlsByRunID[runID] = ctl
-	return
+	if cm.closed || cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != entry || entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false, nil
 	}

-// we should make sure if it's the same control to prevent delete a new one
-func (cm *ControlManager) Del(runID string, ctl *Control) {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if ctl.activated {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	loginMsg := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg
+	remoteAddr := ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.RemoteAddr().String()
+	if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr); err == nil {
+		remoteAddr = host
+	}
+	_, conflict := cm.registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		loginMsg.User,
+		loginMsg.ClientID,
+		ctl.runID,
+		loginMsg.Hostname,
+		loginMsg.Version,
+		remoteAddr,
+		ctl.sessionCtx.WireProtocol,
+		uint64(entry.id),
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("client_id [%s] for user [%s] is already online", loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.User)
+	}
+
+	entry.registryOnline = true
+	entry.registryControlID = entry.id
+	ctl.activated = true
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// completeLogin reserves ctl's current ownership with its run gate while the
+// bounded successful LoginResp write runs, then transitions it to running.
+// The callback must only perform that bounded write; it must not call back into
+// the control manager or the same control lifecycle.
+func (cm *ControlManager) completeLogin(ctl *Control, writeSuccess func() error) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	if entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending || !ctl.activated {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err := writeSuccess(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if !ctl.startLocked() {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Remove deletes and offlines ctl only if it is still the current generation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Remove(ctl *Control) bool {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, true)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
 	cm.mu.Lock()
 	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
-	if c, ok := cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]; ok && c == ctl {
-		delete(cm.ctlsByRunID, runID)
+
+	if cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != entry || entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false
 	}
+	delete(cm.ctlsByRunID, ctl.runID)
+	if entry.registryOnline {
+		cm.registry.MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID(ctl.runID, uint64(entry.registryControlID))
+	}
+	return true
 }

 func (cm *ControlManager) GetByID(runID string) (ctl *Control, ok bool) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	ctl = entry.ctl
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return ctl, true
+}
+
+// admitVisitorByRunID commits a visitor admission against the current running
+// control while its run and lifecycle ownership are held. The callback must
+// only perform the in-memory, buffered visitor admission.
+func (cm *ControlManager) admitVisitorByRunID(runID string, admit func(user string) error) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	ctl := entry.ctl
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, admit(ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User)
+}
+
+// RegisterWorkConn transfers conn to ctl only if ctl is still the current
+// running generation. On error, ownership remains with the caller.
+func (cm *ControlManager) RegisterWorkConn(ctl *Control, conn *proxy.WorkConn) error {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
 		cm.mu.RLock()
-	defer cm.mu.RUnlock()
-	ctl, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
-	return
+		closed := cm.closed
+		cm.mu.RUnlock()
+		if closed {
+			return fmt.Errorf("control manager is closed")
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is no longer current", ctl.runID)
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	if entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is no longer current", ctl.runID)
+	}
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is not running", ctl.runID)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case ctl.workConnCh <- conn:
+		ctl.xl.Debugf("new work connection registered")
+		return nil
+	default:
+		ctl.xl.Debugf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+		return fmt.Errorf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+	}
 }

 func (cm *ControlManager) Close() error {
 	cm.mu.Lock()
-	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
-	for _, ctl := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
-		ctl.Close()
+	cm.closed = true
+	ctls := make([]*Control, 0, len(cm.ctlsByRunID))
+	for _, entry := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
+		ctls = append(ctls, entry.ctl)
+	}
+	cm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, ctl := range ctls {
+		cm.Remove(ctl)
+		_ = ctl.Close()
 	}
-	cm.ctlsByRunID = make(map[string]*Control)
 	return nil
 }

@@ -110,12 +367,20 @@ type SessionContext struct {
 	LoginMsg *msg.Login
 	// server configuration
 	ServerCfg *v1.ServerConfig
-	// client registry
-	ClientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
 	// negotiated wire protocol for this client session
 	WireProtocol string
 }

+type controlState uint8
+
+const (
+	controlStateCreated controlState = iota
+	controlStatePending
+	controlStateRunning
+	controlStateClosing
+	controlStateClosed
+)
+
 type Control struct {
 	// session context
 	sessionCtx *SessionContext
@@ -142,16 +407,26 @@ type Control struct {
 	// last time got the Ping message
 	lastPing atomic.Value

-	// A new run id will be generated when a new client login.
-	// If run id got from login message has same run id, it means it's the same client, so we can
-	// replace old controller instantly.
+	// runID never changes during the lifetime of a control. controlID is assigned
+	// once by ControlManager and distinguishes same-runID generations.
 	runID     string
+	controlID ControlID
+	manager   *ControlManager
+
+	lifecycleMu    sync.Mutex
+	state          controlState
+	activated      bool
+	handoffBarrier <-chan struct{}
+
+	interruptOnce sync.Once
+	interruptErr  error

 	mu sync.RWMutex

 	xl            *xlog.Logger
 	ctx           context.Context
 	doneCh        chan struct{}
+	serverMetrics metrics.ServerMetrics
 }

 func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, error) {
@@ -163,9 +438,11 @@ func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, erro
 		poolCount:     poolCount,
 		portsUsedNum:  0,
 		runID:         sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+		state:         controlStateCreated,
 		xl:            xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
 		ctx:           ctx,
 		doneCh:        make(chan struct{}),
+		serverMetrics: metrics.Server,
 	}
 	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now())

@@ -175,48 +452,121 @@ func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, erro
 	return ctl, nil
 }

-// Start starts the control session workers after login succeeds.
-func (ctl *Control) Start() {
-	go func() {
-		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
-			// ignore error here, that means that this control is closed
-			_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.ReqWorkConn{})
+func (ctl *Control) RunID() string {
+	return ctl.runID
 }
-	}()
+
+func (ctl *Control) ID() ControlID {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.controlID
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) admit(manager *ControlManager, id ControlID) error {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateCreated {
+		return fmt.Errorf("control [%s] is not in created state", ctl.runID)
+	}
+	ctl.manager = manager
+	ctl.controlID = id
+	ctl.state = controlStatePending
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) setHandoffBarrier(barrier <-chan struct{}) {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	ctl.handoffBarrier = barrier
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) WaitForHandoff() {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	barrier := ctl.handoffBarrier
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if barrier != nil {
+		<-barrier
+	}
+}
+
+// Start starts the control session workers after login succeeds.
+func (ctl *Control) Start() bool {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.startLocked()
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) startLocked() bool {
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending || !ctl.activated {
+		return false
+	}
+	ctl.state = controlStateRunning
 	go ctl.worker()
+	return true
 }

 func (ctl *Control) Close() error {
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
-	return nil
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	switch ctl.state {
+	case controlStateCreated, controlStatePending:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
+	case controlStateRunning:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+	}
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.interruptReadAndClose()
 }

 func (ctl *Control) Replaced(newCtl *Control) {
-	xl := ctl.xl
-	xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s]", newCtl.runID)
-	ctl.runID = ""
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+	ctl.markReplaced()
+	ctl.xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s] (control ID %d)", newCtl.runID, newCtl.ID())
+	_ = ctl.interruptReadAndClose()
 }

-func (ctl *Control) RegisterWorkConn(conn *proxy.WorkConn) error {
-	xl := ctl.xl
-	defer func() {
-		if err := recover(); err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("panic error: %v", err)
-			xl.Errorf(string(debug.Stack()))
-		}
-	}()
+// markReplaced returns the transitive predecessor barrier. A pending control
+// has no worker, so it finishes immediately and passes its inherited barrier
+// to the replacement. A running control is finished only by its worker.
+func (ctl *Control) markReplaced() <-chan struct{} {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()

-	select {
-	case ctl.workConnCh <- conn:
-		xl.Debugf("new work connection registered")
+	switch ctl.state {
+	case controlStateCreated:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
 		return nil
+	case controlStatePending:
+		barrier := ctl.handoffBarrier
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
+		return barrier
+	case controlStateRunning:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		return ctl.doneCh
+	case controlStateClosing, controlStateClosed:
+		return ctl.doneCh
 	default:
-		xl.Debugf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
-		return fmt.Errorf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+		return ctl.doneCh
 	}
 }

+func (ctl *Control) interruptReadAndClose() error {
+	ctl.interruptOnce.Do(func() {
+		_ = ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now())
+		ctl.interruptErr = ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+	})
+	return ctl.interruptErr
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) finishLocked() {
+	if ctl.state == controlStateClosed {
+		return
+	}
+	ctl.state = controlStateClosed
+	close(ctl.doneCh)
+}
+
 // When frps get one user connection, we get one work connection from the pool and return it.
 // If no workConn available in the pool, send message to frpc to get one or more
 // and wait until it is available.
@@ -271,10 +621,10 @@ func (ctl *Control) heartbeatWorker() {
 	}

 	xl := ctl.xl
-	go wait.Until(func() {
+	wait.Until(func() {
 		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
 			xl.Warnf("heartbeat timeout")
-			ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+			_ = ctl.Close()
 			return
 		}
 	}, time.Second, ctl.doneCh)
@@ -289,14 +639,14 @@ func (ctl *Control) loginUserInfo() plugin.UserInfo {
 	return plugin.UserInfo{
 		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
 		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
-		RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+		RunID: ctl.runID,
 	}
 }

 func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {
 	pxy.Close()
 	ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
-	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
+	ctl.serverMetrics.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)

 	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
 		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
@@ -311,12 +661,24 @@ func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {

 func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	xl := ctl.xl
+	ctl.serverMetrics.NewClient()

 	go ctl.heartbeatWorker()
 	go ctl.msgDispatcher.Run()
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
+			// Ignore the error: it means this control is already closing.
+			_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.ReqWorkConn{})
+		}
+	}()

 	<-ctl.msgDispatcher.Done()
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	if ctl.state == controlStateRunning {
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+	}
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	_ = ctl.interruptReadAndClose()

 	ctl.mu.Lock()
 	close(ctl.workConnCh)
@@ -331,10 +693,14 @@ func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 		ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
 	}

-	metrics.Server.CloseClient()
-	ctl.sessionCtx.ClientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
+	ctl.serverMetrics.CloseClient()
+	if ctl.manager != nil {
+		ctl.manager.Remove(ctl)
+	}
 	xl.Infof("client exit success")
-	close(ctl.doneCh)
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	ctl.finishLocked()
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
 }

 func (ctl *Control) registerMsgHandlers() {
@@ -374,9 +740,9 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 		xl.Infof("new proxy [%s] type [%s] success", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType)
 		clientID := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.ClientID
 		if clientID == "" {
-			clientID = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID
+			clientID = ctl.runID
 		}
-		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
+		ctl.serverMetrics.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
 	}
 	_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(resp)
 }
--- a/server/control_test.go
+++ b/server/control_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/auth"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	plugin "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/plugin/server"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/controller"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/proxy"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
+)
+
+func TestControlPendingReplacementFinishesWithoutStarting(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, oldConn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, oldCtl)
+	require.False(t, oldCtl.Start())
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, oldConn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestControlRunningReplacementFinishesInWorker(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, oldConn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+	require.True(t, oldCtl.Start())
+	waitForSignal(t, oldConn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, oldCtl)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, oldConn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+
+	_, ok := manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, newCtl, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(oldCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+
+	active, err := manager.Activate(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	_, ok = manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	info, ok = clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+}
+
+func TestControlClosePendingAndRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("pending", func(t *testing.T) {
+		manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "pending", "pending", metrics)
+		err := manager.Add(ctl)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("running", func(t *testing.T) {
+		manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "running", "running", metrics)
+		mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+		require.True(t, ctl.Start())
+		waitForSignal(t, conn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+
+		require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestControlCloseAndReplacedAreIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	err := manager.Add(ctl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = manager.Add(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	ctl.Replaced(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestControlHeartbeatTimeoutInterruptsRead(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "heartbeat", "heartbeat", metrics)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout = 1
+	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Second))
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+	require.True(t, ctl.Start())
+	waitForSignal(t, conn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestControlStartReplacementRacePairsMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	for range 100 {
+		clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+		manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+		replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+		mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+		startGate := make(chan struct{})
+		startedCh := make(chan bool, 1)
+		addErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			<-startGate
+			startedCh <- ctl.Start()
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			<-startGate
+			addErr := manager.Add(replacement)
+			addErrCh <- addErr
+		}()
+		close(startGate)
+
+		started := <-startedCh
+		require.NoError(t, <-addErrCh)
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		if started {
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+		} else {
+			require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+			require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerRejectsStaleActivateAndRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Greater(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), uint64(oldCtl.ID()))
+
+	active, err := manager.Activate(oldCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, active)
+	require.False(t, manager.Remove(oldCtl))
+
+	_, ok := manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, newCtl, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(oldCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+
+	active, err = manager.Activate(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	info, ok = clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerPreservesClientIDConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	first, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "run-one", "shared-client", metrics)
+	conflicting, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "run-two", "shared-client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, first)
+	err := manager.Add(conflicting)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	active, err := manager.Activate(conflicting)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "already online")
+
+	require.True(t, manager.Remove(conflicting))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("shared-client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, "run-one", info.RunID)
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerFailedLoginWriteReleasesRunWithoutStarting(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+	writeErr := errors.New("write failed")
+	committed, err := manager.completeLogin(ctl, func() error { return writeErr })
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, writeErr)
+	require.False(t, committed)
+
+	err = manager.Add(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+	require.Same(t, replacement, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+	require.True(t, manager.Remove(replacement))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.False(t, info.Online)
+	require.Empty(t, info.RunID)
+	require.Zero(t, info.ControlID)
+	require.False(t, info.DisconnectedAt.IsZero())
+	require.NoError(t, replacement.Close())
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerCloseWaitsForInFlightLoginRun(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+	writeEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	resumeWrite := make(chan struct{})
+	loginDone := make(chan struct {
+		committed bool
+		err       error
+	}, 1)
+	go func() {
+		committed, loginErr := manager.completeLogin(ctl, func() error {
+			close(writeEntered)
+			<-resumeWrite
+			return nil
+		})
+		loginDone <- struct {
+			committed bool
+			err       error
+		}{committed: committed, err: loginErr}
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, writeEntered, "LoginResp write")
+
+	closeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { closeDone <- manager.Close() }()
+	waitForManagerClosed(t, manager)
+	select {
+	case err := <-closeDone:
+		t.Fatalf("manager close completed during LoginResp write: %v", err)
+	default:
+	}
+
+	close(resumeWrite)
+	result := <-loginDone
+	require.NoError(t, result.err)
+	require.True(t, result.committed)
+	require.NoError(t, <-closeDone)
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+	require.Nil(t, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.False(t, info.Online)
+}
+
+func newLifecycleTestControl(
+	t *testing.T,
+	runID string,
+	clientID string,
+	serverMetrics *countingServerMetrics,
+) (*Control, *deadlineReadConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn := newDeadlineReadConn()
+	msgConn := msg.NewConn(conn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(conn))
+	ctl, err := NewControl(context.Background(), &SessionContext{
+		RC:            &controller.ResourceController{},
+		PxyManager:    proxy.NewManager(),
+		PluginManager: plugin.NewManager(),
+		AuthVerifier:  auth.AlwaysPassVerifier,
+		Conn:          msgConn,
+		LoginMsg: &msg.Login{
+			RunID:    runID,
+			ClientID: clientID,
+		},
+		ServerCfg: &v1.ServerConfig{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctl.serverMetrics = serverMetrics
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = ctl.Close() })
+	return ctl, conn
+}
+
+func mustAddAndActivate(t *testing.T, manager *ControlManager, ctl *Control) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Add(ctl))
+	active, err := manager.Activate(ctl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+}
+
+func waitForControlDone(t *testing.T, ctl *Control) {
+	t.Helper()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		ctl.WaitClosed()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, done, "control to finish")
+}
+
+func currentControlForTest(manager *ControlManager, runID string) *Control {
+	manager.mu.RLock()
+	defer manager.mu.RUnlock()
+	entry := manager.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if entry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.ctl
+}
+
+func currentRunGateForTest(manager *ControlManager, runID string) *sync.Mutex {
+	manager.mu.RLock()
+	defer manager.mu.RUnlock()
+	entry := manager.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if entry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.runMu
+}
+
+func waitForManagerClosed(t *testing.T, manager *ControlManager) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		manager.mu.RLock()
+		closed := manager.closed
+		manager.mu.RUnlock()
+		if closed {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("timed out waiting for control manager to close")
+}
+
+func waitForSignal(t *testing.T, ch <-chan struct{}, description string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %s", description)
+	}
+}
+
+type deadlineReadConn struct {
+	readStarted chan struct{}
+	unblockRead chan struct{}
+
+	readOnce     sync.Once
+	unblockOnce  sync.Once
+	deadlineOnce sync.Once
+	closeOnce    sync.Once
+
+	eventsMu sync.Mutex
+	events   []string
+}
+
+func newDeadlineReadConn() *deadlineReadConn {
+	return &deadlineReadConn{
+		readStarted: make(chan struct{}),
+		unblockRead: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) Read([]byte) (int, error) {
+	c.readOnce.Do(func() { close(c.readStarted) })
+	<-c.unblockRead
+	return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) Close() error {
+	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		c.recordEvent("close")
+		c.unblockOnce.Do(func() { close(c.unblockRead) })
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr  { return lifecycleTestAddr("local") }
+func (*deadlineReadConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return lifecycleTestAddr("remote") }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) SetDeadline(deadline time.Time) error {
+	if err := c.SetReadDeadline(deadline); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.SetWriteDeadline(deadline)
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) SetReadDeadline(deadline time.Time) error {
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.deadlineOnce.Do(func() {
+		c.recordEvent("deadline")
+		c.unblockOnce.Do(func() { close(c.unblockRead) })
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) SetWriteDeadline(time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) recordEvent(event string) {
+	c.eventsMu.Lock()
+	c.events = append(c.events, event)
+	c.eventsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) eventsSnapshot() []string {
+	c.eventsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.eventsMu.Unlock()
+	return append([]string(nil), c.events...)
+}
+
+type lifecycleTestAddr string
+
+func (a lifecycleTestAddr) Network() string { return string(a) }
+func (a lifecycleTestAddr) String() string  { return string(a) }
+
+type countingServerMetrics struct {
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	newCount    int64
+	closeCount  int64
+	closeEnter  chan struct{}
+	closeResume chan struct{}
+	closeOnce   sync.Once
+}
+
+func newCountingServerMetrics() *countingServerMetrics {
+	return &countingServerMetrics{}
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) NewClient() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.newCount++
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) CloseClient() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.closeCount++
+	closeEnter := m.closeEnter
+	closeResume := m.closeResume
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	if closeEnter != nil {
+		m.closeOnce.Do(func() { close(closeEnter) })
+		<-closeResume
+	}
+}
+
+func (*countingServerMetrics) NewProxy(string, string, string, string) {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) CloseProxy(string, string)               {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) OpenConnection(string, string)           {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) CloseConnection(string, string)          {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) AddTrafficIn(string, string, int64)      {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) AddTrafficOut(string, string, int64)     {}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) newClients() int64 {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.newCount
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) closedClients() int64 {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.closeCount
+}
--- a/server/http/controller.go
+++ b/server/http/controller.go
@@ -58,8 +58,12 @@ func NewController(

 // /api/serverinfo
 func (c *Controller) APIServerInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	return c.buildServerInfoResp(), nil
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) buildServerInfoResp() model.ServerInfoResp {
 	serverStats := mem.StatsCollector.GetServer()
-	svrResp := model.ServerInfoResp{
+	return model.ServerInfoResp{
 		Version:               version.Full(),
 		BindPort:              c.serverCfg.BindPort,
 		VhostHTTPPort:         c.serverCfg.VhostHTTPPort,
@@ -80,8 +84,6 @@ func (c *Controller) APIServerInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 		ClientCounts:    serverStats.ClientCounts,
 		ProxyTypeCounts: serverStats.ProxyTypeCounts,
 	}
-
-	return svrResp, nil
 }

 // /api/clients
--- a/server/http/controller_v2.go
+++ b/server/http/controller_v2.go
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ package http
 import (
 	"cmp"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"

 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
@@ -35,6 +37,11 @@ const (
 	defaultV2Page     = 1
 	defaultV2PageSize = 50
 	maxV2PageSize     = 200
+
+	v2SystemPruneTypeOfflineProxies = "offline_proxies"
+	v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays       = 7
+	v2ProxyTrafficUnit              = "bytes"
+	v2ProxyTrafficGranularity       = "day"
 )

 var apiV2ProxyTypes = []string{
@@ -48,6 +55,55 @@ var apiV2ProxyTypes = []string{
 	string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP),
 }

+// /api/v2/system/info
+func (c *Controller) APIV2SystemInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	info := c.buildServerInfoResp()
+	proxyTypeCounts := info.ProxyTypeCounts
+	if proxyTypeCounts == nil {
+		proxyTypeCounts = map[string]int64{}
+	}
+
+	return model.V2SystemInfoResp{
+		Version: info.Version,
+		Config: model.V2SystemInfoConfigResp{
+			BindPort:              info.BindPort,
+			VhostHTTPPort:         info.VhostHTTPPort,
+			VhostHTTPSPort:        info.VhostHTTPSPort,
+			TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort: info.TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort,
+			KCPBindPort:           info.KCPBindPort,
+			QUICBindPort:          info.QUICBindPort,
+			SubdomainHost:         info.SubdomainHost,
+			MaxPoolCount:          info.MaxPoolCount,
+			MaxPortsPerClient:     info.MaxPortsPerClient,
+			HeartbeatTimeout:      info.HeartBeatTimeout,
+			AllowPortsStr:         info.AllowPortsStr,
+			TLSForce:              info.TLSForce,
+		},
+		Status: model.V2SystemInfoStatusResp{
+			TotalTrafficIn:  info.TotalTrafficIn,
+			TotalTrafficOut: info.TotalTrafficOut,
+			CurConns:        info.CurConns,
+			ClientCounts:    info.ClientCounts,
+			ProxyTypeCounts: proxyTypeCounts,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// /api/v2/system/prune
+func (c *Controller) APIV2SystemPrune(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	pruneType, err := parseV2SystemPruneType(ctx.Query("type"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := mem.StatsCollector.PruneOfflineProxies()
+	return model.V2SystemPruneResp{
+		Type:    pruneType,
+		Cleared: cleared,
+		Total:   total,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // /api/v2/users
 func (c *Controller) APIV2UserList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	page, pageSize, err := parseV2PageParams(ctx)
@@ -139,15 +195,10 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ClientList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {

 // /api/v2/clients/{key}
 func (c *Controller) APIV2ClientDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
-	key := ctx.Param("key")
-	if key == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing client key")
-	}
-	decodedKey, err := url.PathUnescape(key)
+	key, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "key", "client key")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid client key %q: %w", key, err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	key = decodedKey

 	if c.clientRegistry == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("client registry unavailable")
@@ -205,7 +256,7 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	}

 	slices.SortFunc(items, func(a, b model.V2ProxyResp) int {
-		if v := cmp.Compare(a.Type, b.Type); v != 0 {
+		if v := cmp.Compare(a.Spec.Type, b.Spec.Type); v != 0 {
 			return v
 		}
 		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
@@ -216,9 +267,9 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {

 // /api/v2/proxies/{name}
 func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
-	name := ctx.Param("name")
-	if name == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing proxy name")
+	name, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "name", "proxy name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	ps := mem.StatsCollector.GetProxyByName(name)
@@ -228,6 +279,33 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	return c.buildV2ProxyResp(ps), nil
 }

+// /api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic
+func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyTraffic(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	name, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "name", "proxy name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	proxyTrafficInfo := mem.StatsCollector.GetProxyTraffic(name)
+	if proxyTrafficInfo == nil {
+		return nil, httppkg.NewError(http.StatusNotFound, "no proxy info found")
+	}
+
+	return buildV2ProxyTrafficResp(name, proxyTrafficInfo, time.Now()), nil
+}
+
+func decodeV2PathParam(ctx *httppkg.Context, key string, label string) (string, error) {
+	raw := ctx.Param(key)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("missing %s", label)
+	}
+	decoded, err := url.PathUnescape(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("invalid %s", label))
+	}
+	return decoded, nil
+}
+
 func getOrCreateV2User(items map[string]*model.V2UserResp, user string) *model.V2UserResp {
 	item, ok := items[user]
 	if !ok {
@@ -287,6 +365,18 @@ func parseV2ProxyTypeFilter(raw string) (string, error) {
 	return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type must be one of tcp, udp, http, https, tcpmux, stcp, xtcp, sudp")
 }

+func parseV2SystemPruneType(raw string) (string, error) {
+	pruneType := strings.ToLower(raw)
+	switch pruneType {
+	case "":
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type is required")
+	case v2SystemPruneTypeOfflineProxies:
+		return pruneType, nil
+	default:
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type must be one of offline_proxies")
+	}
+}
+
 func matchV2StatusFilter(online bool, filter string) bool {
 	switch filter {
 	case "", "all":
@@ -346,26 +436,36 @@ func matchV2ClientQuery(item model.ClientInfoResp, q string) bool {
 func matchV2ProxyQuery(item model.V2ProxyResp, q string) bool {
 	values := []string{
 		item.Name,
-		item.Type,
+		item.Spec.Type,
 		item.User,
 		item.ClientID,
 		item.Status.State,
 	}

-	switch spec := item.Spec.(type) {
-	case *model.TCPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(spec.RemotePort))
-	case *model.UDPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(spec.RemotePort))
-	case *model.HTTPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
-	case *model.HTTPSOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
-	case *model.TCPMuxOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
+	switch item.Spec.Type {
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCP):
+		if item.Spec.TCP != nil && item.Spec.TCP.RemotePort != nil {
+			values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(*item.Spec.TCP.RemotePort))
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeUDP):
+		if item.Spec.UDP != nil && item.Spec.UDP.RemotePort != nil {
+			values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(*item.Spec.UDP.RemotePort))
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTP):
+		if item.Spec.HTTP != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTP.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTP.Subdomain)
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTPS):
+		if item.Spec.HTTPS != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTPS.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTPS.Subdomain)
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCPMUX):
+		if item.Spec.TCPMux != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.TCPMux.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.TCPMux.Subdomain)
+		}
 	}

 	return containsV2Query(q, values...)
@@ -392,6 +492,31 @@ func (c *Controller) listV2ProxyStats(proxyType string) []*mem.ProxyStats {
 	return items
 }

+func buildV2ProxyTrafficResp(name string, traffic *mem.ProxyTrafficInfo, now time.Time) model.V2ProxyTrafficResp {
+	history := make([]model.V2ProxyTrafficPointResp, 0, v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays)
+	for age := v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays - 1; age >= 0; age-- {
+		history = append(history, model.V2ProxyTrafficPointResp{
+			Date:       now.AddDate(0, 0, -age).Format(time.DateOnly),
+			TrafficIn:  v2TrafficValueAt(traffic.TrafficIn, age),
+			TrafficOut: v2TrafficValueAt(traffic.TrafficOut, age),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return model.V2ProxyTrafficResp{
+		Name:        name,
+		Unit:        v2ProxyTrafficUnit,
+		Granularity: v2ProxyTrafficGranularity,
+		History:     history,
+	}
+}
+
+func v2TrafficValueAt(values []int64, todayFirstIndex int) int64 {
+	if todayFirstIndex >= len(values) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return values[todayFirstIndex]
+}
+
 func (c *Controller) buildV2ClientStatus(info registry.ClientInfo) model.V2ClientStatusResp {
 	status := model.V2ClientStatusResp{State: "offline"}
 	if info.Online {
@@ -412,27 +537,111 @@ func (c *Controller) buildV2ClientStatus(info registry.ClientInfo) model.V2Clien

 func (c *Controller) buildV2ProxyResp(ps *mem.ProxyStats) model.V2ProxyResp {
 	state := "offline"
-	var spec any
+	var cfg v1.ProxyConfigurer
 	if c.pxyManager != nil {
 		if pxy, ok := c.pxyManager.GetByName(ps.Name); ok {
 			state = "online"
-			spec = getConfFromConfigurer(pxy.GetConfigurer())
+			cfg = pxy.GetConfigurer()
 		}
 	}

 	return model.V2ProxyResp{
 		Name:     ps.Name,
-		Type:     ps.Type,
 		User:     ps.User,
 		ClientID: ps.ClientID,
-		Spec:     spec,
+		Spec:     buildV2ProxySpec(ps.Type, cfg),
 		Status: model.V2ProxyStatusResp{
 			State:           state,
 			TodayTrafficIn:  ps.TodayTrafficIn,
 			TodayTrafficOut: ps.TodayTrafficOut,
 			CurConns:        ps.CurConns,
-			LastStartTime:   ps.LastStartTime,
-			LastCloseTime:   ps.LastCloseTime,
+			LastStartAt:     ps.LastStartAt,
+			LastCloseAt:     ps.LastCloseAt,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func buildV2ProxySpec(proxyType string, cfg v1.ProxyConfigurer) model.V2ProxySpec {
+	spec := model.V2ProxySpec{Type: proxyType}
+
+	switch proxyType {
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCP):
+		block := &model.V2TCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.TCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.RemotePort = &c.RemotePort
+		}
+		spec.TCP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeUDP):
+		block := &model.V2UDPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.UDPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.RemotePort = &c.RemotePort
+		}
+		spec.UDP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTP):
+		block := &model.V2HTTPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.HTTPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+			block.Locations = slices.Clone(c.Locations)
+			block.HostHeaderRewrite = c.HostHeaderRewrite
+		}
+		spec.HTTP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTPS):
+		block := &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.HTTPSProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+		}
+		spec.HTTPS = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCPMUX):
+		block := &model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+			block.Multiplexer = c.Multiplexer
+			block.RouteByHTTPUser = c.RouteByHTTPUser
+		}
+		spec.TCPMux = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeSTCP):
+		block := &model.V2STCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.STCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.STCP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP):
+		block := &model.V2SUDPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.SUDPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.SUDP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeXTCP):
+		block := &model.V2XTCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.XTCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.XTCP = block
+	}
+
+	return spec
+}
+
+func buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(base *v1.ProxyBaseConfig) model.V2ProxyBaseSpec {
+	return model.V2ProxyBaseSpec{
+		Annotations: maps.Clone(base.Annotations),
+		Metadatas:   maps.Clone(base.Metadatas),
+		Transport: &model.V2ProxyTransportSpec{
+			UseEncryption:      base.Transport.UseEncryption,
+			UseCompression:     base.Transport.UseCompression,
+			BandwidthLimit:     base.Transport.BandwidthLimit.String(),
+			BandwidthLimitMode: base.Transport.BandwidthLimitMode,
+		},
+		LoadBalancer: &model.V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec{
+			Group: base.LoadBalancer.Group,
 		},
 	}
 }
--- a/server/http/controller_v2_proxy_spec_test.go
+++ b/server/http/controller_v2_proxy_spec_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package http
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	configtypes "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/types"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/http/model"
+)
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxySpecAllTypesAndRedaction(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		proxyType string
+		cfg       v1.ProxyConfigurer
+		blockKeys []string
+	}{
+		{
+			proxyType: "tcp",
+			cfg: &v1.TCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "tcp"),
+				RemotePort:      6000,
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "remotePort", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "udp",
+			cfg: &v1.UDPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "udp"),
+				RemotePort:      7000,
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "remotePort", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "http",
+			cfg: &v1.HTTPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig:   newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "http"),
+				DomainConfig:      v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}, SubDomain: "app"},
+				Locations:         []string{"/api"},
+				HTTPUser:          "secret-http-user",
+				HTTPPassword:      "secret-http-password",
+				HostHeaderRewrite: "backend.example.com",
+				RequestHeaders:    v1.HeaderOperations{Set: map[string]string{"X-Secret": "secret-request-header"}},
+				ResponseHeaders:   v1.HeaderOperations{Set: map[string]string{"X-Secret": "secret-response-header"}},
+				RouteByHTTPUser:   "secret-http-route-user",
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "hostHeaderRewrite", "loadBalancer", "locations", "metadatas", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "https",
+			cfg: &v1.HTTPSProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "https"),
+				DomainConfig:    v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"secure.example.com"}, SubDomain: "secure"},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "tcpmux",
+			cfg: &v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "tcpmux"),
+				DomainConfig:    v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}, SubDomain: "mux"},
+				HTTPUser:        strings.Join([]string{"secret", "mux-http-user"}, "-"),
+				HTTPPassword:    strings.Join([]string{"secret", "mux-http-password"}, "-"),
+				RouteByHTTPUser: "displayed-mux-user",
+				Multiplexer:     "httpconnect",
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "multiplexer", "routeByHTTPUser", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "stcp",
+			cfg: &v1.STCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "stcp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "stcp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "stcp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "sudp",
+			cfg: &v1.SUDPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "sudp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "sudp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "sudp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "xtcp",
+			cfg: &v1.XTCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "xtcp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "xtcp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "xtcp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.proxyType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			spec := buildV2ProxySpec(tt.proxyType, tt.cfg)
+			raw := mustMarshalJSON(t, spec)
+
+			var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &specObject); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal spec failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, tt.proxyType, "type")
+
+			var gotType string
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(specObject["type"], &gotType); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal spec type failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			if gotType != tt.proxyType {
+				t.Fatalf("spec type mismatch, want %q got %q", tt.proxyType, gotType)
+			}
+
+			var block map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(specObject[tt.proxyType], &block); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal active block failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, block, tt.blockKeys...)
+			assertV2ProxyCommonSpec(t, block)
+			assertV2ProxyTypeFields(t, tt.proxyType, specObject[tt.proxyType])
+			assertNoV2ProxySensitiveFields(t, block)
+
+			content := string(raw)
+			for _, secret := range []string{
+				"secret-proxy-name",
+				"secret-group-key",
+				"secret-local-host",
+				"secret-plugin-user",
+				"secret-plugin-password",
+				"secret-health-path",
+				"secret-http-user",
+				"secret-http-password",
+				"secret-request-header",
+				"secret-response-header",
+				"secret-http-route-user",
+				"secret-mux-http-user",
+				"secret-mux-http-password",
+				"secret-stcp-key",
+				"secret-stcp-user",
+				"secret-sudp-key",
+				"secret-sudp-user",
+				"secret-xtcp-key",
+				"secret-xtcp-user",
+			} {
+				if strings.Contains(content, secret) {
+					t.Fatalf("sensitive value %q leaked in spec: %s", secret, content)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func assertV2ProxyTypeFields(t *testing.T, proxyType string, raw json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	switch proxyType {
+	case "tcp":
+		var block model.V2TCPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal tcp block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if block.RemotePort == nil || *block.RemotePort != 6000 {
+			t.Fatalf("tcp remote port mismatch: %#v", block.RemotePort)
+		}
+	case "udp":
+		var block model.V2UDPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal udp block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if block.RemotePort == nil || *block.RemotePort != 7000 {
+			t.Fatalf("udp remote port mismatch: %#v", block.RemotePort)
+		}
+	case "http":
+		var block model.V2HTTPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal http block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "app.example.com" ||
+			block.Subdomain != "app" || len(block.Locations) != 1 || block.Locations[0] != "/api" ||
+			block.HostHeaderRewrite != "backend.example.com" {
+			t.Fatalf("http fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	case "https":
+		var block model.V2HTTPSProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal https block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "secure.example.com" || block.Subdomain != "secure" {
+			t.Fatalf("https fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	case "tcpmux":
+		var block model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal tcpmux block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "mux.example.com" ||
+			block.Subdomain != "mux" || block.Multiplexer != "httpconnect" || block.RouteByHTTPUser != "displayed-mux-user" {
+			t.Fatalf("tcpmux fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxyRespOfflineTypedShells(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, proxyType := range apiV2ProxyTypes {
+		t.Run(proxyType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp := (&Controller{}).buildV2ProxyResp(&mem.ProxyStats{
+				Name: "offline-" + proxyType,
+				Type: proxyType,
+			})
+			if resp.Status.State != "offline" {
+				t.Fatalf("offline phase mismatch: %#v", resp.Status)
+			}
+
+			var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(mustMarshalJSON(t, resp.Spec), &specObject); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal offline spec failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, proxyType, "type")
+			assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, specObject[proxyType])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxySpecDoesNotPopulateMismatchedBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := buildV2ProxySpec("tcp", &v1.UDPProxyConfig{
+		ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "udp"),
+		RemotePort:      7000,
+	})
+
+	var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(mustMarshalJSON(t, spec), &specObject); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal mismatched spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, specObject["tcp"])
+}
+
+func newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t *testing.T, proxyType string) v1.ProxyBaseConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	bandwidthLimit, err := configtypes.NewBandwidthQuantity("10MB")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create bandwidth limit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	enabled := false
+	return v1.ProxyBaseConfig{
+		Name:        "secret-proxy-name",
+		Type:        proxyType,
+		Enabled:     &enabled,
+		Annotations: map[string]string{"annotation-key": "annotation-value"},
+		Metadatas:   map[string]string{"metadata-key": "metadata-value"},
+		Transport: v1.ProxyTransport{
+			UseEncryption:        true,
+			UseCompression:       true,
+			BandwidthLimit:       bandwidthLimit,
+			BandwidthLimitMode:   configtypes.BandwidthLimitModeServer,
+			ProxyProtocolVersion: "v2",
+		},
+		LoadBalancer: v1.LoadBalancerConfig{
+			Group:    "public-group",
+			GroupKey: "secret-group-key",
+		},
+		HealthCheck: v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+			Type: "http",
+			Path: "secret-health-path",
+		},
+		ProxyBackend: v1.ProxyBackend{
+			LocalIP:   "secret-local-host",
+			LocalPort: 8080,
+			Plugin: v1.TypedClientPluginOptions{
+				Type: v1.PluginHTTPProxy,
+				ClientPluginOptions: &v1.HTTPProxyPluginOptions{
+					Type:         v1.PluginHTTPProxy,
+					HTTPUser:     "secret-plugin-user",
+					HTTPPassword: "secret-plugin-password",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func assertV2ProxyCommonSpec(t *testing.T, block map[string]json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var annotations map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["annotations"], &annotations); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal annotations failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if annotations["annotation-key"] != "annotation-value" {
+		t.Fatalf("annotations mismatch: %#v", annotations)
+	}
+
+	var metadatas map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["metadatas"], &metadatas); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal metadatas failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if metadatas["metadata-key"] != "metadata-value" {
+		t.Fatalf("metadatas mismatch: %#v", metadatas)
+	}
+
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, block["transport"],
+		"bandwidthLimit",
+		"bandwidthLimitMode",
+		"useCompression",
+		"useEncryption",
+	)
+	var transport model.V2ProxyTransportSpec
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["transport"], &transport); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal transport failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !transport.UseEncryption || !transport.UseCompression ||
+		transport.BandwidthLimit != "10MB" || transport.BandwidthLimitMode != "server" {
+		t.Fatalf("transport mismatch: %#v", transport)
+	}
+
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, block["loadBalancer"], "group")
+	var loadBalancer model.V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["loadBalancer"], &loadBalancer); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal load balancer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if loadBalancer.Group != "public-group" {
+		t.Fatalf("load balancer mismatch: %#v", loadBalancer)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertNoV2ProxySensitiveFields(t *testing.T, value any) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	forbidden := map[string]struct{}{
+		"allowUsers":           {},
+		"enabled":              {},
+		"groupKey":             {},
+		"healthCheck":          {},
+		"httpPassword":         {},
+		"httpUser":             {},
+		"localIP":              {},
+		"localPort":            {},
+		"name":                 {},
+		"natTraversal":         {},
+		"plugin":               {},
+		"proxyProtocolVersion": {},
+		"requestHeaders":       {},
+		"responseHeaders":      {},
+		"secretKey":            {},
+		"type":                 {},
+	}
+
+	var walk func(any)
+	walk = func(current any) {
+		switch current := current.(type) {
+		case map[string]any:
+			for key, nested := range current {
+				if _, ok := forbidden[key]; ok {
+					t.Fatalf("sensitive field %q leaked in active block", key)
+				}
+				walk(nested)
+			}
+		case []any:
+			for _, nested := range current {
+				walk(nested)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal active block failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	var decoded any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &decoded); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode active block failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	walk(decoded)
+}
--- a/server/http/controller_v2_test.go
+++ b/server/http/controller_v2_test.go
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"

+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/types"
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
@@ -40,10 +42,16 @@ type v2EnvelopeForTest[T any] struct {
 }

 type fakeStatsCollector struct {
+	server    *mem.ServerStats
 	proxies   map[string]*mem.ProxyStats
+	traffic   map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo
+	pruneable map[string]bool
 }

 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetServer() *mem.ServerStats {
+	if f.server != nil {
+		return f.server
+	}
 	return &mem.ServerStats{ProxyTypeCounts: map[string]int64{}}
 }

@@ -70,13 +78,210 @@ func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetProxyByName(proxyName string) *mem.ProxyStats {
 }

 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetProxyTraffic(name string) *mem.ProxyTrafficInfo {
-	return nil
+	return f.traffic[name]
 }

 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
 	return 0, len(f.proxies)
 }

+func (f *fakeStatsCollector) PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
+	total := len(f.proxies)
+	cleared := 0
+	for name := range f.pruneable {
+		if _, ok := f.proxies[name]; ok {
+			delete(f.proxies, name)
+			cleared++
+		}
+	}
+	f.pruneable = map[string]bool{}
+	return cleared, total
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemInfoEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		server: &mem.ServerStats{
+			TotalTrafficIn:  1024,
+			TotalTrafficOut: 2048,
+			CurConns:        3,
+			ClientCounts:    4,
+			ProxyTypeCounts: map[string]int64{
+				"tcp":  2,
+				"http": 1,
+			},
+		},
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{
+		BindPort:              7000,
+		VhostHTTPPort:         8080,
+		VhostHTTPSPort:        8443,
+		TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort: 9000,
+		KCPBindPort:           7001,
+		QUICBindPort:          7002,
+		SubDomainHost:         "example.com",
+		MaxPortsPerClient:     8,
+		AllowPorts: []types.PortsRange{
+			{Start: 1000, End: 1002},
+			{Single: 2000},
+		},
+		Transport: v1.ServerTransportConfig{
+			MaxPoolCount:     5,
+			HeartbeatTimeout: 90,
+			TLS: v1.TLSServerConfig{
+				Force: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/system/info")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+	}
+
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "config", "status", "version")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawResp.Data["config"],
+		"allowPortsStr",
+		"bindPort",
+		"heartbeatTimeout",
+		"kcpBindPort",
+		"maxPoolCount",
+		"maxPortsPerClient",
+		"quicBindPort",
+		"subdomainHost",
+		"tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort",
+		"tlsForce",
+		"vhostHTTPPort",
+		"vhostHTTPSPort",
+	)
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawResp.Data["status"],
+		"clientCounts",
+		"curConns",
+		"proxyTypeCount",
+		"totalTrafficIn",
+		"totalTrafficOut",
+	)
+
+	systemResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemInfoResp]](t, resp)
+	if systemResp.Data.Version == "" {
+		t.Fatal("version should be set at top level")
+	}
+	if systemResp.Data.Config.BindPort != 7000 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.VhostHTTPPort != 8080 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.VhostHTTPSPort != 8443 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort != 9000 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.KCPBindPort != 7001 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.QUICBindPort != 7002 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.SubdomainHost != "example.com" ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.MaxPoolCount != 5 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.MaxPortsPerClient != 8 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.HeartbeatTimeout != 90 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.AllowPortsStr != "1000-1002,2000" ||
+		!systemResp.Data.Config.TLSForce {
+		t.Fatalf("config mismatch: %#v", systemResp.Data.Config)
+	}
+	if systemResp.Data.Status.TotalTrafficIn != 1024 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.TotalTrafficOut != 2048 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.CurConns != 3 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ClientCounts != 4 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ProxyTypeCounts["tcp"] != 2 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ProxyTypeCounts["http"] != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch: %#v", systemResp.Data.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemPruneOfflineProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	collector := &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			"tcp-offline":    {Name: "tcp-offline", Type: "tcp"},
+			"http-offline":   {Name: "http-offline", Type: "http"},
+			"udp-offline":    {Name: "udp-offline", Type: "udp"},
+			"tcp-online":     {Name: "tcp-online", Type: "tcp"},
+			"http-online":    {Name: "http-online", Type: "http"},
+			"udp-online":     {Name: "udp-online", Type: "udp"},
+			"stcp-restarted": {Name: "stcp-restarted", Type: "stcp"},
+			"xtcp-restarted": {Name: "xtcp-restarted", Type: "xtcp"},
+			"sudp-same-time": {Name: "sudp-same-time", Type: "sudp"},
+			"tcpmux-running": {Name: "tcpmux-running", Type: "tcpmux"},
+		},
+		pruneable: map[string]bool{
+			"tcp-offline":  true,
+			"http-offline": true,
+			"udp-offline":  true,
+		},
+	}
+	mem.StatsCollector = collector
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=offline_proxies")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "cleared", "total", "type")
+	pruneResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemPruneResp]](t, resp)
+	if pruneResp.Data.Type != "offline_proxies" || pruneResp.Data.Cleared != 3 || pruneResp.Data.Total != 10 {
+		t.Fatalf("prune response mismatch: %#v", pruneResp.Data)
+	}
+	if _, ok := collector.proxies["tcp-offline"]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("pruned proxy statistics should be removed")
+	}
+	if _, ok := collector.proxies["tcp-online"]; !ok {
+		t.Fatal("online proxy statistics should remain")
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=offline_proxies")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("second prune status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+	}
+	pruneResp = decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemPruneResp]](t, resp)
+	if pruneResp.Data.Cleared != 0 || pruneResp.Data.Total != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("second prune response mismatch: %#v", pruneResp.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemPruneTypeErrorsUseEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("missing type status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code)
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "type is required" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing type error envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=clients")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid type status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code)
+	}
+	errResp = decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "type must be one of offline_proxies" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid type error envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAPIV2ClientListEnvelopePaginationAndFilters(t *testing.T) {
 	controller := newV2TestController(t)
 	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
@@ -211,15 +416,42 @@ func TestAPIV2ProxyListDetailAndUsers(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy filter total mismatch: %#v", proxyResp.Data)
 	}
 	proxyItem := proxyResp.Data.Items[0]
-	if proxyItem.Name != "tcp-empty" || proxyItem.Type != "tcp" || proxyItem.User != "" || proxyItem.Status.State != "offline" {
+	if proxyItem.Name != "tcp-empty" || proxyItem.Spec.Type != "tcp" || proxyItem.User != "" || proxyItem.Status.State != "offline" {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy item mismatch: %#v", proxyItem)
 	}
+	rawProxyResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2PageResp[map[string]json.RawMessage]]](t, resp)
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawProxyResp.Data.Items[0], "clientID", "name", "spec", "status", "user")
+	var rawListSpec map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawProxyResp.Data.Items[0]["spec"], &rawListSpec); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal list proxy spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawListSpec, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawListSpec["tcp"])

 	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/tcp-alice")
+	rawProxyDetailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawProxyDetailResp.Data["status"],
+		"curConns",
+		"lastCloseAt",
+		"lastStartAt",
+		"phase",
+		"todayTrafficIn",
+		"todayTrafficOut",
+	)
 	proxyDetailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyResp]](t, resp)
 	if proxyDetailResp.Data.Name != "tcp-alice" || proxyDetailResp.Data.User != "alice" {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy detail mismatch: %#v", proxyDetailResp.Data)
 	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawProxyDetailResp.Data, "clientID", "name", "spec", "status", "user")
+	var rawDetailSpec map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawProxyDetailResp.Data["spec"], &rawDetailSpec); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal detail proxy spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawDetailSpec, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawDetailSpec["tcp"])
+	if proxyDetailResp.Data.Status.LastStartAt != 1783504200 || proxyDetailResp.Data.Status.LastCloseAt != 1783504300 {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy detail timestamp mismatch: %#v", proxyDetailResp.Data.Status)
+	}

 	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/users?page=1&pageSize=50")
 	userResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2PageResp[model.V2UserResp]]](t, resp)
@@ -238,6 +470,140 @@ func TestAPIV2ProxyListDetailAndUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficEnvelopeSchemaAndHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			"ssh": {Name: "ssh", Type: "tcp"},
+		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			"ssh": {
+				Name:       "ssh",
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/ssh/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "granularity", "history", "name", "unit")
+
+	trafficResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyTrafficResp]](t, resp)
+	if trafficResp.Data.Name != "ssh" || trafficResp.Data.Unit != "bytes" || trafficResp.Data.Granularity != "day" {
+		t.Fatalf("traffic metadata mismatch: %#v", trafficResp.Data)
+	}
+	if len(trafficResp.Data.History) != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("history length mismatch, want 7 got %d: %#v", len(trafficResp.Data.History), trafficResp.Data.History)
+	}
+
+	wantIn := []int64{10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70}
+	wantOut := []int64{100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700}
+	var prevDate time.Time
+	for i, point := range trafficResp.Data.History {
+		assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, mustMarshalJSON(t, point), "date", "trafficIn", "trafficOut")
+		if point.TrafficIn != wantIn[i] || point.TrafficOut != wantOut[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("history[%d] traffic mismatch: %#v", i, point)
+		}
+		parsedDate, err := time.Parse(time.DateOnly, point.Date)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("history[%d] date should be yyyy-mm-dd, got %q: %v", i, point.Date, err)
+		}
+		if i > 0 && !parsedDate.Equal(prevDate.AddDate(0, 0, 1)) {
+			t.Fatalf("history dates should be oldest to newest, got %s after %s", point.Date, prevDate.Format(time.DateOnly))
+		}
+		prevDate = parsedDate
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficNotFoundEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/missing/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusNotFound, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusNotFound || errResp.Msg != "no proxy info found" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("not found envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyDetailAndTrafficEncodedName(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "folder/ssh?x#y"
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			name: {Name: name, Type: "tcp", User: "encoded"},
+		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			name: {
+				Name:       name,
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{1},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{2},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+	encodedName := url.PathEscape(name)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/"+encodedName)
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded proxy detail status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	detailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyResp]](t, resp)
+	if detailResp.Data.Name != name || detailResp.Data.User != "encoded" {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded proxy detail mismatch: %#v", detailResp.Data)
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/"+encodedName+"/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	trafficResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyTrafficResp]](t, resp)
+	if trafficResp.Data.Name != name {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic name mismatch: %#v", trafficResp.Data)
+	}
+	if got := trafficResp.Data.History[len(trafficResp.Data.History)-1]; got.TrafficIn != 1 || got.TrafficOut != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic latest point mismatch: %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficInvalidEncodedNameUses400Envelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	handler := httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyTraffic)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v2/proxies/%25ZZ/traffic", nil)
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{"name": "%ZZ"})
+	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "invalid proxy name" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid encoded name envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -247,66 +613,85 @@ func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "tcp remote port",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: &model.TCPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 6000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "6000",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "udp remote port",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "udp-proxy", Type: "udp", Spec: &model.UDPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 7000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "udp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "udp",
+				UDP:  &model.V2UDPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(7000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "7000",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "remote port does not match colon form",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: &model.TCPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 6000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    ":6000",
 			want: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "http custom domain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "http-proxy", Type: "http", Spec: &model.HTTPOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "http-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "http",
+				HTTP: &model.V2HTTPProxySpec{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}},
 			}},
 			q:    "app.example.com",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "https subdomain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Type: "https", Spec: &model.HTTPSOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{SubDomain: "portal"},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:  "https",
+				HTTPS: &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{Subdomain: "portal"},
 			}},
 			q:    "portal",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "subdomain does not match expanded host",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Type: "https", Spec: &model.HTTPSOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{SubDomain: "portal"},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:  "https",
+				HTTPS: &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{Subdomain: "portal"},
 			}},
 			q:    "portal.example.com",
 			want: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "tcpmux custom domain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcpmux-proxy", Type: "tcpmux", Spec: &model.TCPMuxOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcpmux-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:   "tcpmux",
+				TCPMux: &model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}},
 			}},
 			q:    "mux.example.com",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "nil spec does not match spec fields",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: nil},
+			name: "offline shell does not match online spec fields",
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{},
+			}},
 			q:    "6000",
 			want: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "offline shell does not contribute zero remote port",
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{},
+			}},
+			q:    "0",
+			want: false,
+		},
 	}

 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -322,7 +707,26 @@ func TestLegacyAPIResponsesRemainBare(t *testing.T) {
 	controller := newV2TestController(t)
 	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)

-	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/clients")
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/serverinfo")
+	var serverInfo model.ServerInfoResp
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &serverInfo); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should be a bare object: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if serverInfo.Version == "" {
+		t.Fatal("legacy serverinfo version should be set")
+	}
+	var serverInfoRaw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &serverInfoRaw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal legacy serverinfo object failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverInfoRaw["data"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should not use v2 envelope: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverInfoRaw["config"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should stay flat, got config in: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/clients")
 	var clients []model.ClientInfoResp
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &clients); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("legacy clients should be a bare array: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
@@ -343,6 +747,28 @@ func TestLegacyAPIResponsesRemainBare(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &envelope); err == nil && envelope.Code != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("legacy proxy response should not use v2 envelope: %#v", envelope)
 	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/traffic/tcp-alice")
+	var traffic model.GetProxyTrafficResp
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &traffic); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should be a bare object: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if traffic.Name != "tcp-alice" ||
+		len(traffic.TrafficIn) != 2 || traffic.TrafficIn[0] != 7 || traffic.TrafficIn[1] != 6 ||
+		len(traffic.TrafficOut) != 2 || traffic.TrafficOut[0] != 70 || traffic.TrafficOut[1] != 60 {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should preserve today-first arrays, got: %#v", traffic)
+	}
+	var trafficRaw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &trafficRaw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal legacy traffic object failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := trafficRaw["data"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should not use v2 envelope: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func v2TestIntPtr(value int) *int {
+	return &value
 }

 func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
@@ -368,6 +794,10 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 				TodayTrafficIn:  30,
 				TodayTrafficOut: 40,
 				CurConns:        2,
+				LastStartTime:   "07-08 12:30:00",
+				LastCloseTime:   "07-08 12:31:40",
+				LastStartAt:     1783504200,
+				LastCloseAt:     1783504300,
 			},
 			"http-alice": {
 				Name:     "http-alice",
@@ -383,6 +813,13 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 				ClientID: "client-b",
 			},
 		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			"tcp-alice": {
+				Name:       "tcp-alice",
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{7, 6},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{70, 60},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
@@ -400,19 +837,28 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 func newV2TestRouter(controller *Controller) *mux.Router {
 	router := mux.NewRouter()
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/users", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2UserList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/info", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2SystemInfo)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/prune", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2SystemPrune)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ClientList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	encodedPathRouter := router.NewRoute().Subrouter()
 	encodedPathRouter.UseEncodedPath()
 	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
-	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyTraffic)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/serverinfo", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIServerInfo)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIClientList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/proxy/{type}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIProxyByType)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/traffic/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIProxyTraffic)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	return router
 }

 func performRequest(handler http.Handler, target string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, target, nil)
+	return performRequestWithMethod(handler, http.MethodGet, target)
+}
+
+func performRequestWithMethod(handler http.Handler, method, target string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, target, nil)
 	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 	return resp
@@ -427,3 +873,36 @@ func decodeResponse[T any](t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) T {
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+func assertRawJSONKeys(t *testing.T, raw map[string]json.RawMessage, want ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if len(raw) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("json keys mismatch, want %v got %v", want, raw)
+	}
+	for _, key := range want {
+		if _, ok := raw[key]; !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("json key %q missing from %v", key, raw)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t *testing.T, raw json.RawMessage, want ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal raw json object failed: %v, body: %s", err, string(raw))
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, out, want...)
+}
+
+func mustMarshalJSON(t *testing.T, value any) json.RawMessage {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	out, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal json failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	return out
+}
--- a/server/http/model/v2.go
+++ b/server/http/model/v2.go
@@ -21,6 +21,41 @@ type V2PageResp[T any] struct {
 	Items    []T `json:"items"`
 }

+type V2SystemInfoResp struct {
+	Version string                 `json:"version"`
+	Config  V2SystemInfoConfigResp `json:"config"`
+	Status  V2SystemInfoStatusResp `json:"status"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemInfoConfigResp struct {
+	BindPort              int    `json:"bindPort"`
+	VhostHTTPPort         int    `json:"vhostHTTPPort"`
+	VhostHTTPSPort        int    `json:"vhostHTTPSPort"`
+	TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort int    `json:"tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort"`
+	KCPBindPort           int    `json:"kcpBindPort"`
+	QUICBindPort          int    `json:"quicBindPort"`
+	SubdomainHost         string `json:"subdomainHost"`
+	MaxPoolCount          int64  `json:"maxPoolCount"`
+	MaxPortsPerClient     int64  `json:"maxPortsPerClient"`
+	HeartbeatTimeout      int64  `json:"heartbeatTimeout"`
+	AllowPortsStr         string `json:"allowPortsStr"`
+	TLSForce              bool   `json:"tlsForce"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemInfoStatusResp struct {
+	TotalTrafficIn  int64            `json:"totalTrafficIn"`
+	TotalTrafficOut int64            `json:"totalTrafficOut"`
+	CurConns        int64            `json:"curConns"`
+	ClientCounts    int64            `json:"clientCounts"`
+	ProxyTypeCounts map[string]int64 `json:"proxyTypeCount"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemPruneResp struct {
+	Type    string `json:"type"`
+	Cleared int    `json:"cleared"`
+	Total   int    `json:"total"`
+}
+
 type V2UserResp struct {
 	User        string `json:"user"`
 	ClientCount int    `json:"clientCount"`
@@ -40,18 +75,105 @@ type V2ClientStatusResp struct {

 type V2ProxyResp struct {
 	Name     string            `json:"name"`
-	Type     string            `json:"type"`
 	User     string            `json:"user"`
 	ClientID string            `json:"clientID"`
-	Spec     any               `json:"spec"`
+	Spec     V2ProxySpec       `json:"spec"`
 	Status   V2ProxyStatusResp `json:"status"`
 }

+type V2ProxySpec struct {
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+
+	TCP    *V2TCPProxySpec    `json:"tcp,omitempty"`
+	UDP    *V2UDPProxySpec    `json:"udp,omitempty"`
+	HTTP   *V2HTTPProxySpec   `json:"http,omitempty"`
+	HTTPS  *V2HTTPSProxySpec  `json:"https,omitempty"`
+	TCPMux *V2TCPMuxProxySpec `json:"tcpmux,omitempty"`
+	STCP   *V2STCPProxySpec   `json:"stcp,omitempty"`
+	SUDP   *V2SUDPProxySpec   `json:"sudp,omitempty"`
+	XTCP   *V2XTCPProxySpec   `json:"xtcp,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyBaseSpec struct {
+	Annotations  map[string]string        `json:"annotations,omitempty"`
+	Metadatas    map[string]string        `json:"metadatas,omitempty"`
+	Transport    *V2ProxyTransportSpec    `json:"transport,omitempty"`
+	LoadBalancer *V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec `json:"loadBalancer,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTransportSpec struct {
+	UseEncryption      bool   `json:"useEncryption"`
+	UseCompression     bool   `json:"useCompression"`
+	BandwidthLimit     string `json:"bandwidthLimit"`
+	BandwidthLimitMode string `json:"bandwidthLimitMode"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec struct {
+	Group string `json:"group"`
+}
+
+type V2TCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	RemotePort *int `json:"remotePort,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2UDPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	RemotePort *int `json:"remotePort,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2HTTPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains     []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain         string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+	Locations         []string `json:"locations,omitempty"`
+	HostHeaderRewrite string   `json:"hostHeaderRewrite,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2HTTPSProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain     string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2TCPMuxProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains   []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain       string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+	Multiplexer     string   `json:"multiplexer,omitempty"`
+	RouteByHTTPUser string   `json:"routeByHTTPUser,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2STCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
+type V2SUDPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
+type V2XTCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
 type V2ProxyStatusResp struct {
 	State           string `json:"phase"`
 	TodayTrafficIn  int64  `json:"todayTrafficIn"`
 	TodayTrafficOut int64  `json:"todayTrafficOut"`
 	CurConns        int64  `json:"curConns"`
-	LastStartTime   string `json:"lastStartTime"`
-	LastCloseTime   string `json:"lastCloseTime"`
+	LastStartAt     int64  `json:"lastStartAt,omitempty"`
+	LastCloseAt     int64  `json:"lastCloseAt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTrafficResp struct {
+	Name        string                    `json:"name"`
+	Unit        string                    `json:"unit"`
+	Granularity string                    `json:"granularity"`
+	History     []V2ProxyTrafficPointResp `json:"history"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTrafficPointResp struct {
+	Date       string `json:"date"`
+	TrafficIn  int64  `json:"trafficIn"`
+	TrafficOut int64  `json:"trafficOut"`
 }
--- a/server/registry/registry.go
+++ b/server/registry/registry.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type ClientInfo struct {
 	User             string
 	RawClientID      string
 	RunID            string
+	ControlID        uint64
 	Hostname         string
 	IP               string
 	Version          string
@@ -64,6 +65,16 @@ func newClientRegistryWithClock(clk clock.PassiveClock) *ClientRegistry {

 // Register stores/updates metadata for a client and returns the registry key plus whether it conflicts with an online client.
 func (cr *ClientRegistry) Register(user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version, remoteAddr, wireProtocol string) (key string, conflict bool) {
+	return cr.RegisterWithControlID(user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version, remoteAddr, wireProtocol, 0)
+}
+
+// RegisterWithControlID is the generation-aware form used by ControlManager.
+// A control ID is process-local and prevents an older control generation from
+// changing the registry entry now owned by a newer generation with the same run ID.
+func (cr *ClientRegistry) RegisterWithControlID(
+	user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version, remoteAddr, wireProtocol string,
+	controlID uint64,
+) (key string, conflict bool) {
 	if runID == "" {
 		return "", false
 	}
@@ -83,6 +94,16 @@ func (cr *ClientRegistry) Register(user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version,
 	if enforceUnique && exists && info.Online && info.RunID != "" && info.RunID != runID {
 		return key, true
 	}
+	if previousKey, ok := cr.runIndex[runID]; ok && previousKey != key {
+		if previous, ok := cr.clients[previousKey]; ok && previous.RunID == runID {
+			if previous.RawClientID == "" {
+				delete(cr.clients, previousKey)
+			} else {
+				setClientOffline(previous, now)
+			}
+		}
+		delete(cr.runIndex, runID)
+	}

 	if !exists {
 		info = &ClientInfo{
@@ -97,6 +118,7 @@ func (cr *ClientRegistry) Register(user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version,

 	info.RawClientID = rawClientID
 	info.RunID = runID
+	info.ControlID = controlID
 	info.Hostname = hostname
 	info.IP = remoteAddr
 	info.Version = version
@@ -114,6 +136,16 @@ func (cr *ClientRegistry) Register(user, rawClientID, runID, hostname, version,

 // MarkOfflineByRunID marks the client as offline when the corresponding control disconnects.
 func (cr *ClientRegistry) MarkOfflineByRunID(runID string) {
+	cr.markOfflineByRunID(runID, 0, false)
+}
+
+// MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID marks a client offline only when the registry
+// entry still belongs to the supplied control generation.
+func (cr *ClientRegistry) MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID(runID string, controlID uint64) {
+	cr.markOfflineByRunID(runID, controlID, true)
+}
+
+func (cr *ClientRegistry) markOfflineByRunID(runID string, controlID uint64, matchControlID bool) {
 	cr.mu.Lock()
 	defer cr.mu.Unlock()

@@ -121,18 +153,24 @@ func (cr *ClientRegistry) MarkOfflineByRunID(runID string) {
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
-	if info, ok := cr.clients[key]; ok && info.RunID == runID {
+	if info, ok := cr.clients[key]; ok && info.RunID == runID && (!matchControlID || info.ControlID == controlID) {
 		if info.RawClientID == "" {
 			delete(cr.clients, key)
 		} else {
-			info.RunID = ""
-			info.Online = false
-			now := cr.clock.Now()
-			info.DisconnectedAt = now
+			setClientOffline(info, cr.clock.Now())
 		}
 	}
+	if info, ok := cr.clients[key]; !ok || info.RunID != runID {
 		delete(cr.runIndex, runID)
 	}
+}
+
+func setClientOffline(info *ClientInfo, now time.Time) {
+	info.RunID = ""
+	info.ControlID = 0
+	info.Online = false
+	info.DisconnectedAt = now
+}

 // List returns a snapshot of all known clients.
 func (cr *ClientRegistry) List() []ClientInfo {
--- a/server/registry/registry_test.go
+++ b/server/registry/registry_test.go
@@ -72,3 +72,89 @@ func TestClientRegistryUsesClockForTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("disconnected time mismatch, want %s got %s", disconnectedAt, info.DisconnectedAt)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClientRegistryControlIDPreventsStaleOffline(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewClientRegistry()
+	key, conflict := registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "client-id", "run-id", "old-host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.1", wire.ProtocolV1, 1,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected client conflict")
+	}
+	_, conflict = registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "client-id", "run-id", "new-host", "1.0.1", "127.0.0.2", wire.ProtocolV2, 2,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("same run ID replacement should not conflict")
+	}
+
+	registry.MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID("run-id", 1)
+	info, ok := registry.GetByKey(key)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("client %q not found", key)
+	}
+	if !info.Online || info.ControlID != 2 || info.Hostname != "new-host" {
+		t.Fatalf("stale offline changed current generation: %+v", info)
+	}
+
+	registry.MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID("run-id", 2)
+	info, ok = registry.GetByKey(key)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("client %q not found after disconnect", key)
+	}
+	if info.Online || info.ControlID != 0 || info.RunID != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("current generation was not marked offline: %+v", info)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientRegistryClientIDConflictSemantics(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewClientRegistry()
+	_, conflict := registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "client-id", "run-one", "host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.1", wire.ProtocolV1, 1,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected initial client conflict")
+	}
+	_, conflict = registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "client-id", "run-two", "host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.2", wire.ProtocolV1, 2,
+	)
+	if !conflict {
+		t.Fatal("different online run IDs with the same explicit client ID must conflict")
+	}
+
+	registry.MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID("run-one", 1)
+	_, conflict = registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "client-id", "run-two", "host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.2", wire.ProtocolV1, 2,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("offline explicit client ID should be reusable")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientRegistrySameRunIDMovesBetweenClientKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewClientRegistry()
+	oldKey, conflict := registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "old-client", "run-id", "old-host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.1", wire.ProtocolV1, 1,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("unexpected initial client conflict")
+	}
+	newKey, conflict := registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		"user", "new-client", "run-id", "new-host", "1.0.1", "127.0.0.2", wire.ProtocolV2, 2,
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		t.Fatal("same run ID moving to a new client key should not conflict")
+	}
+
+	oldInfo, ok := registry.GetByKey(oldKey)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("old explicit client %q should remain as offline history", oldKey)
+	}
+	if oldInfo.Online || oldInfo.RunID != "" || oldInfo.ControlID != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("old client key remained online: %+v", oldInfo)
+	}
+	newInfo, ok := registry.GetByKey(newKey)
+	if !ok || !newInfo.Online || newInfo.RunID != "run-id" || newInfo.ControlID != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("new client key was not registered: %+v", newInfo)
+	}
+}
--- a/server/service.go
+++ b/server/service.go
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/controller"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/group"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/metrics"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/ports"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/proxy"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ const (
 	vhostReadWriteTimeout time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
 )

+var errControlReplaced = errors.New("control was replaced during login")
+
 func init() {
 	crypto.DefaultSalt = "frp"
 	// Disable quic-go's receive buffer warning.
@@ -161,9 +163,10 @@ func NewService(cfg *v1.ServerConfig) (*Service, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
 	svr := &Service{
-		ctlManager:     NewControlManager(),
-		clientRegistry: registry.NewClientRegistry(),
+		ctlManager:     NewControlManager(clientRegistry),
+		clientRegistry: clientRegistry,
 		pxyManager:     proxy.NewManager(),
 		pluginManager:  plugin.NewManager(),
 		rc: &controller.ResourceController{
@@ -469,6 +472,9 @@ func (svr *Service) handleConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, interna

 		if err != nil {
 			xl.Warnf("register control error: %v", err)
+			if ctl != nil {
+				svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctl)
+			}
 			if writeErr := writeWithDeadline(conn, connWriteTimeout, func() error {
 				return acceptedConn.conn.WriteMsg(&msg.LoginResp{
 					Version: version.Full(),
@@ -477,29 +483,27 @@ func (svr *Service) handleConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, interna
 			}); writeErr != nil {
 				xl.Warnf("write login error response error: %v", writeErr)
 			}
+			if ctl != nil {
+				_ = ctl.Close()
+			} else {
 				conn.Close()
+			}
 			return
 		}
-		if err = writeWithDeadline(conn, connWriteTimeout, func() error {
+		if err = svr.completeControlLogin(ctl, func() error {
+			return writeWithDeadline(conn, connWriteTimeout, func() error {
 				return acceptedConn.conn.WriteMsg(&msg.LoginResp{
 					Version: version.Full(),
 					RunID:   ctl.runID,
 					Error:   "",
 				})
+			})
 		}); err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("write login response error: %v", err)
-			svr.ctlManager.Del(m.RunID, ctl)
-			svr.clientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(m.RunID)
-			conn.Close()
+			xl.Warnf("complete control login error: %v", err)
+			svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctl)
+			_ = ctl.Close()
 			return
 		}
-		ctl.Start()
-		metrics.Server.NewClient()
-		go func() {
-			// block until control closed
-			ctl.WaitClosed()
-			svr.ctlManager.Del(m.RunID, ctl)
-		}()
 	case *msg.NewWorkConn:
 		if err := svr.RegisterWorkConn(acceptedConn.conn, m); err != nil {
 			_ = acceptedConn.conn.WriteMsg(&msg.StartWorkConn{
@@ -527,6 +531,17 @@ func (svr *Service) handleConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, interna
 	}
 }

+func (svr *Service) completeControlLogin(ctl *Control, writeSuccess func() error) error {
+	committed, err := svr.ctlManager.completeLogin(ctl, writeSuccess)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !committed {
+		return errControlReplaced
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type acceptedConnection struct {
 	conn          *msg.Conn
 	wireProtocol  string
@@ -776,7 +791,6 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(
 		Conn:          ctlConn,
 		LoginMsg:      loginMsg,
 		ServerCfg:     svr.cfg,
-		ClientRegistry: svr.clientRegistry,
 		WireProtocol:  wireProtocol,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -785,18 +799,17 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterControl(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected error when creating new controller")
 	}

-	if oldCtl := svr.ctlManager.Add(loginMsg.RunID, ctl); oldCtl != nil {
-		oldCtl.WaitClosed()
+	if err := svr.ctlManager.Add(ctl); err != nil {
+		return ctl, err
 	}
+	ctl.WaitForHandoff()

-	remoteAddr := ctlConn.RemoteAddr().String()
-	if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr); err == nil {
-		remoteAddr = host
+	active, err := svr.ctlManager.Activate(ctl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ctl, err
 	}
-	_, conflict := svr.clientRegistry.Register(loginMsg.User, loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.RunID, loginMsg.Hostname, loginMsg.Version, remoteAddr, wireProtocol)
-	if conflict {
-		svr.ctlManager.Del(loginMsg.RunID, ctl)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("client_id [%s] for user [%s] is already online", loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.User)
+	if !active {
+		return ctl, errControlReplaced
 	}

 	return ctl, nil
@@ -830,20 +843,25 @@ func (svr *Service) RegisterWorkConn(workConn *msg.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn
 		xl.Warnf("invalid NewWorkConn with run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
 		return err
 	}
-	return ctl.RegisterWorkConn(proxy.NewWorkConn(workConn))
+	return svr.ctlManager.RegisterWorkConn(ctl, proxy.NewWorkConn(workConn))
 }

 func (svr *Service) RegisterVisitorConn(visitorConn net.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewVisitorConn, wireProtocol string) error {
-	visitorUser := ""
-	// TODO(deprecation): Compatible with old versions, can be without runID, user is empty. In later versions, it will be mandatory to include runID.
-	// If runID is required, it is not compatible with versions prior to v0.50.0.
-	if newMsg.RunID != "" {
-		ctl, exist := svr.ctlManager.GetByID(newMsg.RunID)
-		if !exist {
-			return fmt.Errorf("no client control found for run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
-		}
-		visitorUser = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User
-	}
+	admit := func(visitorUser string) error {
 		return svr.rc.VisitorManager.NewConn(newMsg.ProxyName, visitorConn, newMsg.Timestamp, newMsg.SignKey,
 			newMsg.UseEncryption, newMsg.UseCompression, visitorUser, wireProtocol)
 	}
+	// TODO(deprecation): Compatible with old versions, can be without runID, user is empty. In later versions, it will be mandatory to include runID.
+	// If runID is required, it is not compatible with versions prior to v0.50.0.
+	if newMsg.RunID != "" {
+		admitted, err := svr.ctlManager.admitVisitorByRunID(newMsg.RunID, admit)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !admitted {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no client control found for run id [%s]", newMsg.RunID)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return admit("")
+}
--- a/server/service_test.go
+++ b/server/service_test.go
@@ -15,12 +15,27 @@
 package server

 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/auth"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	plugin "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/plugin/server"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/util"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/controller"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/proxy"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/visitor"
 )

 func TestWriteWithDeadlineTimesOutAndClearsDeadline(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,3 +76,504 @@ func TestWriteWithDeadlineTimesOutAndClearsDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for write after deadline reset")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestServiceControlHandoffSkipsStalePendingGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	svr := newControlTestService(t)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	metrics.closeEnter = make(chan struct{})
+	metrics.closeResume = make(chan struct{})
+
+	ctlA, connA, err := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctlA.serverMetrics = metrics
+	require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctlA, func() error { return nil }))
+	waitForSignal(t, connA.readStarted, "A reader to start")
+
+	require.NoError(t, ctlA.Close())
+	waitForSignal(t, metrics.closeEnter, "A finalization barrier")
+
+	type registerResult struct {
+		ctl  *Control
+		conn *deadlineReadConn
+		err  error
+	}
+	resultB := make(chan registerResult, 1)
+	go func() {
+		ctl, conn, registerErr := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+		resultB <- registerResult{ctl: ctl, conn: conn, err: registerErr}
+	}()
+	ctlB := waitForDifferentCurrentControl(t, svr.ctlManager, "shared-run", ctlA)
+	ctlB.serverMetrics = metrics
+
+	resultC := make(chan registerResult, 1)
+	go func() {
+		ctl, conn, registerErr := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+		resultC <- registerResult{ctl: ctl, conn: conn, err: registerErr}
+	}()
+	ctlC := waitForDifferentCurrentControl(t, svr.ctlManager, "shared-run", ctlB)
+	ctlC.serverMetrics = metrics
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctlB)
+
+	select {
+	case result := <-resultB:
+		t.Fatalf("B returned before A finalized: %v", result.err)
+	default:
+	}
+	select {
+	case result := <-resultC:
+		t.Fatalf("C returned before A finalized: %v", result.err)
+	default:
+	}
+
+	close(metrics.closeResume)
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctlA)
+
+	b := <-resultB
+	require.Same(t, ctlB, b.ctl)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, b.err, errControlReplaced)
+	require.False(t, svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctlB))
+	require.NoError(t, ctlB.Close())
+
+	c := <-resultC
+	require.NoError(t, c.err)
+	require.Same(t, ctlC, c.ctl)
+	_, ok := svr.ctlManager.GetByID("shared-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, ctlC, currentControlForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run"))
+
+	info, ok := svr.clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(ctlC.ID()), info.ControlID)
+
+	var staleWrites atomic.Int64
+	err = svr.completeControlLogin(ctlB, func() error {
+		staleWrites.Add(1)
+		return nil
+	})
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errControlReplaced)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), staleWrites.Load())
+
+	require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctlC, func() error { return nil }))
+	waitForSignal(t, c.conn.readStarted, "C reader to start")
+	current, ok := svr.ctlManager.GetByID("shared-run")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, ctlC, current)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+
+	require.NoError(t, ctlC.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctlC)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), metrics.closedClients())
+	_, ok = svr.ctlManager.GetByID("shared-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestServiceLoginResponseSynchronizationIsScopedToRun(t *testing.T) {
+	svr := newControlTestService(t)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctlA, connA, err := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctlA.serverMetrics = metrics
+
+	writeEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	resumeWrite := make(chan struct{})
+	var resumeWriteOnce sync.Once
+	resume := func() {
+		resumeWriteOnce.Do(func() { close(resumeWrite) })
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(resume)
+	writeCount := atomic.Int64{}
+	loginDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		loginDone <- svr.completeControlLogin(ctlA, func() error {
+			close(writeEntered)
+			<-resumeWrite
+			writeCount.Add(1)
+			return nil
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, writeEntered, "A LoginResp write")
+
+	runMu := currentRunGateForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run")
+	require.NotNil(t, runMu)
+	if !svr.ctlManager.mu.TryLock() {
+		t.Fatal("ControlManager mutex was held while LoginResp write was in progress")
+	}
+	svr.ctlManager.mu.Unlock()
+
+	ctlB, connB := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "shared-run", "client", metrics)
+	gateAvailable := make(chan bool)
+	addDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if runMu.TryLock() {
+			runMu.Unlock()
+			gateAvailable <- true
+		} else {
+			gateAvailable <- false
+		}
+		addErr := svr.ctlManager.Add(ctlB)
+		addDone <- addErr
+	}()
+	available := waitForResult(t, gateAvailable, "same-run replacement gate probe")
+	require.False(t, available, "same-run gate was available to replacement during LoginResp write")
+	select {
+	case addErr := <-addDone:
+		t.Fatalf("same-run replacement completed during LoginResp write: %v", addErr)
+	case <-time.After(20 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	require.Same(t, ctlA, currentControlForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run"))
+
+	otherMetrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	otherCtl, otherConn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "other-run", "other-client", otherMetrics)
+	type unrelatedResult struct {
+		addErr      error
+		active      bool
+		activateErr error
+		loginErr    error
+		current     *Control
+		found       bool
+	}
+	unrelatedDone := make(chan unrelatedResult, 1)
+	go func() {
+		result := unrelatedResult{}
+		result.addErr = svr.ctlManager.Add(otherCtl)
+		if result.addErr == nil {
+			result.active, result.activateErr = svr.ctlManager.Activate(otherCtl)
+		}
+		if result.activateErr == nil && result.active {
+			result.loginErr = svr.completeControlLogin(otherCtl, func() error { return nil })
+		}
+		result.current, result.found = svr.ctlManager.GetByID("other-run")
+		unrelatedDone <- result
+	}()
+	result := waitForResult(t, unrelatedDone, "unrelated run lifecycle")
+	require.NoError(t, result.addErr)
+	require.NoError(t, result.activateErr)
+	require.True(t, result.active)
+	require.NoError(t, result.loginErr)
+	require.True(t, result.found)
+	require.Same(t, otherCtl, result.current)
+	waitForSignal(t, otherConn.readStarted, "unrelated control reader to start")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), otherMetrics.newClients())
+
+	resume()
+	require.NoError(t, waitForResult(t, loginDone, "LoginResp completion"))
+	require.NoError(t, waitForResult(t, addDone, "replacement"))
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctlA)
+	require.Same(t, ctlB, currentControlForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run"))
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), writeCount.Load())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, connA.eventsSnapshot())
+
+	require.False(t, svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctlA))
+	require.NoError(t, ctlA.Close())
+	require.True(t, svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctlB))
+	require.NoError(t, ctlB.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, connB.eventsSnapshot())
+
+	require.NoError(t, otherCtl.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, otherCtl)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), otherMetrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), otherMetrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestServiceVisitorAdmissionSerializesReplacement(t *testing.T) {
+	svr := newControlTestService(t)
+	ctlA, controlConn, err := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctlA.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User = "old-user"
+	require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctlA, func() error { return nil }))
+	waitForSignal(t, controlConn.readStarted, "A reader to start")
+
+	admissionEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	resumeAdmission := make(chan struct{})
+	var resumeOnce sync.Once
+	resume := func() {
+		resumeOnce.Do(func() { close(resumeAdmission) })
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(resume)
+	type admissionResult struct {
+		admitted bool
+		user     string
+		err      error
+	}
+	admissionDone := make(chan admissionResult, 1)
+	go func() {
+		var admittedUser string
+		admitted, admitErr := svr.ctlManager.admitVisitorByRunID("shared-run", func(user string) error {
+			admittedUser = user
+			close(admissionEntered)
+			<-resumeAdmission
+			return nil
+		})
+		admissionDone <- admissionResult{admitted: admitted, user: admittedUser, err: admitErr}
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, admissionEntered, "visitor admission callback")
+	runMu := currentRunGateForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run")
+	require.NotNil(t, runMu)
+
+	type registerResult struct {
+		ctl *Control
+		err error
+	}
+	gateAvailable := make(chan bool)
+	replacementDone := make(chan registerResult, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if runMu.TryLock() {
+			runMu.Unlock()
+			gateAvailable <- true
+		} else {
+			gateAvailable <- false
+		}
+		ctl, _, registerErr := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+		replacementDone <- registerResult{ctl: ctl, err: registerErr}
+	}()
+	available := waitForResult(t, gateAvailable, "visitor replacement gate probe")
+	require.False(t, available, "same-run gate was available during visitor admission")
+	select {
+	case result := <-replacementDone:
+		t.Fatalf("replacement completed during visitor admission: %v", result.err)
+	case <-time.After(20 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	require.Same(t, ctlA, currentControlForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run"))
+
+	resume()
+	admission := waitForResult(t, admissionDone, "visitor admission")
+	require.NoError(t, admission.err)
+	require.True(t, admission.admitted)
+	require.Equal(t, "old-user", admission.user)
+	replacement := waitForResult(t, replacementDone, "replacement")
+	require.NoError(t, replacement.err)
+	ctlB := replacement.ctl
+	require.Same(t, ctlB, currentControlForTest(svr.ctlManager, "shared-run"))
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctlA)
+	require.True(t, svr.ctlManager.Remove(ctlB))
+	require.NoError(t, ctlB.Close())
+}
+
+func TestServiceWorkConnRoutingRequiresCurrentRunningControl(t *testing.T) {
+	svr := newControlTestService(t)
+	ctl, controlConn, err := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pendingConn := newCountingCloseConn()
+	pendingMsgConn := msg.NewConn(pendingConn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(pendingConn))
+	err = registerWorkConnAsCaller(svr, pendingMsgConn, &msg.NewWorkConn{RunID: "shared-run"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), pendingConn.closeCount.Load())
+	require.Len(t, ctl.workConnCh, 0)
+
+	require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctl, func() error { return nil }))
+	waitForSignal(t, controlConn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+	current, ok := svr.ctlManager.GetByID("shared-run")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, ctl, current)
+	require.Len(t, ctl.workConnCh, 0)
+
+	runningConn := newCountingCloseConn()
+	runningMsgConn := msg.NewConn(runningConn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(runningConn))
+	require.NoError(t, svr.RegisterWorkConn(runningMsgConn, &msg.NewWorkConn{RunID: "shared-run"}))
+	require.Len(t, ctl.workConnCh, 1)
+
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), runningConn.closeCount.Load())
+}
+
+func TestServiceWorkConnRoutingRejectsLostGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, action := range []string{"replace", "close"} {
+		t.Run(action, func(t *testing.T) {
+			svr := newControlTestService(t)
+			ctl, controlConn, err := registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctl, func() error { return nil }))
+			waitForSignal(t, controlConn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+
+			barrier := newWorkConnBarrierPlugin()
+			svr.pluginManager.Register(barrier)
+			workConn := newCountingCloseConn()
+			workMsgConn := msg.NewConn(workConn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(workConn))
+			routeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				routeDone <- registerWorkConnAsCaller(svr, workMsgConn, &msg.NewWorkConn{RunID: "shared-run"})
+			}()
+			waitForSignal(t, barrier.entered, "work connection plugin barrier")
+
+			var replacement *Control
+			switch action {
+			case "replace":
+				replacement, _, err = registerLifecycleTestControl(svr)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			case "close":
+				require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+				waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+			}
+
+			close(barrier.resume)
+			require.Error(t, waitForResult(t, routeDone, "work connection route to finish"))
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), workConn.closeCount.Load())
+			require.Len(t, ctl.workConnCh, 0)
+
+			if replacement != nil {
+				require.Len(t, replacement.workConnCh, 0)
+				require.True(t, svr.ctlManager.Remove(replacement))
+				require.NoError(t, replacement.Close())
+				waitForControlDone(t, replacement)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServiceVisitorRoutingExcludesPendingUser(t *testing.T) {
+	svr := newControlTestService(t)
+	listener, err := svr.rc.VisitorManager.Listen("visitor", "secret", []string{"pending-user"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = listener.Close() })
+
+	controlConn := newDeadlineReadConn()
+	controlMsgConn := msg.NewConn(controlConn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(controlConn))
+	ctl, err := svr.RegisterControl(controlMsgConn, &msg.Login{
+		RunID:    "visitor-run",
+		User:     "pending-user",
+		ClientID: "visitor-client",
+		ClientSpec: msg.ClientSpec{
+			AlwaysAuthPass: true,
+		},
+	}, true, wire.ProtocolV1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	timestamp := time.Now().Unix()
+	visitorMsg := &msg.NewVisitorConn{
+		RunID:     "visitor-run",
+		ProxyName: "visitor",
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		SignKey:   util.GetAuthKey("secret", timestamp),
+	}
+	pendingConn := newCountingCloseConn()
+	err = svr.RegisterVisitorConn(pendingConn, visitorMsg, wire.ProtocolV1)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "no client control found")
+	require.NoError(t, pendingConn.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), pendingConn.closeCount.Load())
+
+	require.NoError(t, svr.completeControlLogin(ctl, func() error { return nil }))
+	waitForSignal(t, controlConn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+	runningConn := newCountingCloseConn()
+	require.NoError(t, svr.RegisterVisitorConn(runningConn, visitorMsg, wire.ProtocolV1))
+	accepted, err := listener.Accept()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, accepted.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), runningConn.closeCount.Load())
+
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+}
+
+func newControlTestService(t *testing.T) *Service {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := &v1.ServerConfig{}
+	cfg.Auth.Method = v1.AuthMethodToken
+	authRuntime, err := auth.BuildServerAuth(&cfg.Auth)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	return &Service{
+		ctlManager:     NewControlManager(clientRegistry),
+		clientRegistry: clientRegistry,
+		pxyManager:     proxy.NewManager(),
+		pluginManager:  plugin.NewManager(),
+		rc: &controller.ResourceController{
+			VisitorManager: visitor.NewManager(),
+		},
+		auth: authRuntime,
+		cfg:  cfg,
+	}
+}
+
+func registerLifecycleTestControl(svr *Service) (*Control, *deadlineReadConn, error) {
+	conn := newDeadlineReadConn()
+	msgConn := msg.NewConn(conn, msg.NewReadWriter(conn, wire.ProtocolV1))
+	ctl, err := svr.RegisterControl(msgConn, &msg.Login{
+		RunID:    "shared-run",
+		ClientID: "client",
+		ClientSpec: msg.ClientSpec{
+			AlwaysAuthPass: true,
+		},
+	}, true, wire.ProtocolV1)
+	return ctl, conn, err
+}
+
+func waitForDifferentCurrentControl(t *testing.T, manager *ControlManager, runID string, old *Control) *Control {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if ctl := currentControlForTest(manager, runID); ctl != nil && ctl != old {
+			return ctl
+		}
+		runtime.Gosched()
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for a new current control after ID %d", old.ID())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func registerWorkConnAsCaller(svr *Service, workConn *msg.Conn, newMsg *msg.NewWorkConn) error {
+	err := svr.RegisterWorkConn(workConn, newMsg)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = workConn.Close()
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func waitForResult[T any](t *testing.T, ch <-chan T, description string) T {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case result := <-ch:
+		return result
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %s", description)
+		var zero T
+		return zero
+	}
+}
+
+type workConnBarrierPlugin struct {
+	entered chan struct{}
+	resume  chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newWorkConnBarrierPlugin() *workConnBarrierPlugin {
+	return &workConnBarrierPlugin{
+		entered: make(chan struct{}),
+		resume:  make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (*workConnBarrierPlugin) Name() string { return "work-conn-barrier" }
+
+func (*workConnBarrierPlugin) IsSupport(op string) bool { return op == plugin.OpNewWorkConn }
+
+func (p *workConnBarrierPlugin) Handle(
+	context.Context,
+	string,
+	any,
+) (*plugin.Response, any, error) {
+	close(p.entered)
+	<-p.resume
+	return &plugin.Response{Unchange: true}, nil, nil
+}
+
+type countingCloseConn struct {
+	closeCount atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func newCountingCloseConn() *countingCloseConn { return &countingCloseConn{} }
+
+func (*countingCloseConn) Read([]byte) (int, error)         { return 0, net.ErrClosed }
+func (*countingCloseConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error)      { return len(p), nil }
+func (c *countingCloseConn) Close() error                   { c.closeCount.Add(1); return nil }
+func (*countingCloseConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr              { return lifecycleTestAddr("local") }
+func (*countingCloseConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr             { return lifecycleTestAddr("remote") }
+func (*countingCloseConn) SetDeadline(time.Time) error      { return nil }
+func (*countingCloseConn) SetReadDeadline(time.Time) error  { return nil }
+func (*countingCloseConn) SetWriteDeadline(time.Time) error { return nil }
--- a/test/e2e/framework/process.go
+++ b/test/e2e/framework/process.go
@@ -94,11 +94,9 @@ func (f *Framework) RunProcessesWithBinaries(
 }

 func (f *Framework) RunFrps(args ...string) (*process.Process, string, error) {
-	p := process.NewWithEnvs(TestContext.FRPServerPath, args, f.osEnvs)
-	f.serverProcesses = append(f.serverProcesses, p)
-	err := p.Start()
+	p, output, err := f.StartFrps(args...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return p, p.Output(), err
+		return p, output, err
 	}
 	select {
 	case <-p.Done():
@@ -107,17 +105,39 @@ func (f *Framework) RunFrps(args ...string) (*process.Process, string, error) {
 	return p, p.Output(), nil
 }

+// StartFrps starts frps without an implicit sleep so tests can wait on an
+// explicit readiness event.
+func (f *Framework) StartFrps(args ...string) (*process.Process, string, error) {
+	p := process.NewWithEnvs(TestContext.FRPServerPath, args, f.osEnvs)
+	f.serverProcesses = append(f.serverProcesses, p)
+	err := p.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return p, p.Output(), err
+	}
+	return p, p.Output(), nil
+}
+
 func (f *Framework) RunFrpc(args ...string) (*process.Process, string, error) {
+	p, output, err := f.StartFrpc(args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return p, output, err
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-p.Done():
+	case <-time.After(1500 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+	return p, p.Output(), nil
+}
+
+// StartFrpc starts frpc without an implicit sleep so tests can wait on an
+// explicit login or proxy-readiness event.
+func (f *Framework) StartFrpc(args ...string) (*process.Process, string, error) {
 	p := process.NewWithEnvs(TestContext.FRPClientPath, args, f.osEnvs)
 	f.clientProcesses = append(f.clientProcesses, p)
 	err := p.Start()
 	if err != nil {
 		return p, p.Output(), err
 	}
-	select {
-	case <-p.Done():
-	case <-time.After(1500 * time.Millisecond):
-	}
 	return p, p.Output(), nil
 }

--- a/test/e2e/pkg/relay/halfopen.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pkg/relay/halfopen.go
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package relay
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// HalfOpen forwards TCP connections until Blackhole is called. A blackholed
+// pair stops forwarding but deliberately retains the upstream socket so the
+// peer sees a real half-open connection until the relay is closed.
+type HalfOpen struct {
+	bindAddr     string
+	bindPort     int
+	upstreamAddr string
+
+	listener net.Listener
+	done     chan struct{}
+	accepted chan struct{}
+
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	pairs []*connectionPair
+
+	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+type connectionPair struct {
+	downstream net.Conn
+	upstream   net.Conn
+
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	blackholed bool
+}
+
+func New(upstreamAddr string) *HalfOpen {
+	return &HalfOpen{
+		bindAddr:     "127.0.0.1",
+		upstreamAddr: upstreamAddr,
+		done:         make(chan struct{}),
+		accepted:     make(chan struct{}, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) Run() error {
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", net.JoinHostPort(r.bindAddr, strconv.Itoa(r.bindPort)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	r.listener = listener
+	r.bindPort = listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+
+	r.wg.Add(1)
+	go r.acceptLoop()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) acceptLoop() {
+	defer r.wg.Done()
+	for {
+		downstream, err := r.listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		upstream, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", r.upstreamAddr, 3*time.Second)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = downstream.Close()
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pair := &connectionPair{downstream: downstream, upstream: upstream}
+		r.mu.Lock()
+		r.pairs = append(r.pairs, pair)
+		r.mu.Unlock()
+		select {
+		case r.accepted <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+
+		r.wg.Add(1)
+		go r.servePair(pair)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) servePair(pair *connectionPair) {
+	defer r.wg.Done()
+	copyDone := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(pair.upstream, pair.downstream)
+		copyDone <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(pair.downstream, pair.upstream)
+		copyDone <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	completed := 0
+	select {
+	case <-copyDone:
+		completed = 1
+		if !pair.isBlackholed() {
+			_ = pair.downstream.Close()
+			_ = pair.upstream.Close()
+		}
+	case <-r.done:
+		_ = pair.downstream.Close()
+		_ = pair.upstream.Close()
+	}
+	for completed < 2 {
+		<-copyDone
+		completed++
+	}
+
+	if pair.isBlackholed() {
+		<-r.done
+		_ = pair.downstream.Close()
+		_ = pair.upstream.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) WaitForConnections(count int, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	for {
+		r.mu.Lock()
+		accepted := len(r.pairs)
+		r.mu.Unlock()
+		if accepted >= count {
+			return nil
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-r.accepted:
+		case <-r.done:
+			return fmt.Errorf("relay closed after accepting %d of %d connections", accepted, count)
+		case <-timer.C:
+			return fmt.Errorf("timed out after accepting %d of %d connections", accepted, count)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Blackhole uses a one-based connection index in accept order.
+func (r *HalfOpen) Blackhole(index int) error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	if index <= 0 || index > len(r.pairs) {
+		accepted := len(r.pairs)
+		r.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("connection %d is unavailable; accepted %d", index, accepted)
+	}
+	pair := r.pairs[index-1]
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	pair.mu.Lock()
+	if pair.blackholed {
+		pair.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	pair.blackholed = true
+	pair.mu.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	_ = pair.downstream.SetDeadline(now)
+	_ = pair.upstream.SetDeadline(now)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) Close() error {
+	r.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(r.done)
+		if r.listener != nil {
+			_ = r.listener.Close()
+		}
+		r.mu.Lock()
+		pairs := append([]*connectionPair(nil), r.pairs...)
+		r.mu.Unlock()
+		for _, pair := range pairs {
+			_ = pair.downstream.Close()
+			_ = pair.upstream.Close()
+		}
+		r.wg.Wait()
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *HalfOpen) BindAddr() string { return r.bindAddr }
+func (r *HalfOpen) BindPort() int    { return r.bindPort }
+
+func (p *connectionPair) isBlackholed() bool {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	return p.blackholed
+}
--- a/test/e2e/v1/features/control_replacement.go
+++ b/test/e2e/v1/features/control_replacement.go
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package features
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/framework"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/framework/consts"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/pkg/relay"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/test/e2e/pkg/request"
+)
+
+var _ = ginkgo.Describe("[Feature: ControlReplacement]", func() {
+	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework()
+
+	for _, wireProtocol := range []string{"v1", "v2"} {
+		for _, tcpMux := range []bool{true, false} {
+			ginkgo.It(fmt.Sprintf("recovers a %s control through a half-open relay with tcpMux=%t", wireProtocol, tcpMux), func() {
+				runHalfOpenControlReplacement(f, wireProtocol, tcpMux)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+})
+
+func runHalfOpenControlReplacement(f *framework.Framework, wireProtocol string, tcpMux bool) {
+	serverPort := f.AllocPort()
+	dashboardPort := f.AllocPort()
+	remotePort := f.AllocPort()
+	heartbeatTimeout := int64(-1)
+	if !tcpMux {
+		heartbeatTimeout = 3
+	}
+
+	serverConfig := fmt.Sprintf(`
+bindAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+bindPort = %d
+log.level = "trace"
+transport.tcpMux = %t
+transport.tcpMuxKeepaliveInterval = 30
+transport.heartbeatTimeout = %d
+webServer.addr = "127.0.0.1"
+webServer.port = %d
+webServer.pprofEnable = true
+enablePrometheus = true
+`, serverPort, tcpMux, heartbeatTimeout, dashboardPort)
+	serverConfigPath := f.WriteTempFile("issue-5391-frps.toml", serverConfig)
+	serverProcess, _, err := f.StartFrps("-c", serverConfigPath)
+	framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+	framework.ExpectNoError(framework.WaitForTCPReady(fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", serverPort), 5*time.Second))
+
+	halfOpenRelay := relay.New(fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", serverPort))
+	f.RunServer("", halfOpenRelay)
+
+	heartbeatInterval := int64(-1)
+	clientHeartbeatTimeout := int64(-1)
+	if !tcpMux {
+		heartbeatInterval = 1
+		clientHeartbeatTimeout = 3
+	}
+	clientConfig := fmt.Sprintf(`
+serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+serverPort = %d
+clientID = "issue-5391"
+loginFailExit = false
+log.level = "trace"
+transport.wireProtocol = %q
+transport.tcpMux = %t
+transport.tcpMuxKeepaliveInterval = 1
+transport.heartbeatInterval = %d
+transport.heartbeatTimeout = %d
+transport.tls.enable = false
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "issue-5391-tcp"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = %d
+remotePort = %d
+`, halfOpenRelay.BindPort(), wireProtocol, tcpMux, heartbeatInterval, clientHeartbeatTimeout,
+		f.PortByName(framework.TCPEchoServerPort), remotePort)
+	clientConfigPath := f.WriteTempFile("issue-5391-frpc.toml", clientConfig)
+	clientProcess, _, err := f.StartFrpc("-c", clientConfigPath)
+	framework.ExpectNoError(err)
+	framework.ExpectNoError(halfOpenRelay.WaitForConnections(1, 5*time.Second))
+	framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcess.WaitForOutput("login to server success", 1, 10*time.Second))
+	framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcess.WaitForOutput("[issue-5391-tcp] start proxy success", 1, 10*time.Second))
+	framework.ExpectNoError(waitForReplacementState(dashboardPort, remotePort, 10*time.Second))
+
+	replacementCount := 1
+	if tcpMux {
+		replacementCount = 3
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < replacementCount; i++ {
+		connectionIndex := 1
+		if tcpMux {
+			connectionIndex = i + 1
+		}
+		framework.ExpectNoError(halfOpenRelay.Blackhole(connectionIndex))
+		if tcpMux {
+			framework.ExpectNoError(halfOpenRelay.WaitForConnections(connectionIndex+1, 15*time.Second))
+		}
+		framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcess.WaitForOutput("login to server success", i+2, 15*time.Second))
+		framework.ExpectNoError(clientProcess.WaitForOutput("[issue-5391-tcp] start proxy success", i+2, 15*time.Second))
+		framework.ExpectNoError(waitForReplacementState(dashboardPort, remotePort, 10*time.Second))
+	}
+
+	_ = clientProcess.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-clientProcess.Done():
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		framework.Failf("frpc did not exit")
+	}
+	framework.ExpectNoError(waitForReplacementShutdown(dashboardPort, 10*time.Second))
+	framework.ExpectNoError(halfOpenRelay.Close())
+	framework.ExpectNoError(waitForNoHandoffWaiters(dashboardPort, 5*time.Second))
+
+	_ = serverProcess.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-serverProcess.Done():
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		framework.Failf("frps did not exit")
+	}
+}
+
+func waitForReplacementState(dashboardPort, remotePort int, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return waitForLifecycleCondition(timeout, func() error {
+		metricsBody, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(dashboardPort, "/metrics")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := expectMetricValue(metricsBody, "frp_server_client_counts", "", 1); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := expectMetricValue(metricsBody, "frp_server_proxy_counts", `type="tcp"`, 1); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		clients, err := getOnlineLifecycleClients(dashboardPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(clients) != 1 || clients[0].ClientID != "issue-5391" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected one online client, got %+v", clients)
+		}
+		profile, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(dashboardPort, "/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := expectNoHandoffWaiter(profile, "after replacement"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		resp, err := request.New().
+			TCP().
+			Port(remotePort).
+			Timeout(time.Second).
+			Body([]byte(consts.TestString)).
+			Do()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if string(resp.Content) != consts.TestString {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected proxy response %q", resp.Content)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func waitForReplacementShutdown(dashboardPort int, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return waitForLifecycleCondition(timeout, func() error {
+		metricsBody, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(dashboardPort, "/metrics")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := expectMetricValue(metricsBody, "frp_server_client_counts", "", 0); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := expectMetricValue(metricsBody, "frp_server_proxy_counts", `type="tcp"`, 0); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		clients, err := getOnlineLifecycleClients(dashboardPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(clients) != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("expected no online clients, got %+v", clients)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func waitForNoHandoffWaiters(dashboardPort int, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return waitForLifecycleCondition(timeout, func() error {
+		profile, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(dashboardPort, "/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return expectNoHandoffWaiter(profile, "after relay shutdown")
+	})
+}
+
+type lifecycleClient struct {
+	ClientID string `json:"clientID"`
+}
+
+func expectNoHandoffWaiter(profile, phase string) error {
+	if strings.Contains(profile, "(*Control).WaitForHandoff") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("control handoff waiter remained %s", phase)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getOnlineLifecycleClients(dashboardPort int) ([]lifecycleClient, error) {
+	body, err := getLifecycleEndpoint(dashboardPort, "/api/clients?status=online")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var clients []lifecycleClient
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &clients); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return clients, nil
+}
+
+func getLifecycleEndpoint(port int, path string) (string, error) {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d%s", port, path))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("GET %s returned %s", path, resp.Status)
+	}
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(body), nil
+}
+
+func expectMetricValue(body, name, labels string, want float64) error {
+	prefix := name
+	if labels != "" {
+		prefix += "{" + labels + "}"
+	}
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(body, "\n") {
+		fields := strings.Fields(line)
+		if len(fields) != 2 || fields[0] != prefix {
+			continue
+		}
+		got, err := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[1], 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if got != want {
+			return fmt.Errorf("metric %s = %v, want %v", prefix, got, want)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("metric %s not found", prefix)
+}
+
+func waitForLifecycleCondition(timeout time.Duration, condition func() error) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	var lastErr error
+	for {
+		err := condition()
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		lastErr = err
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		case <-timer.C:
+			return fmt.Errorf("condition was not met: %w", lastErr)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/web/frps/components.d.ts
+++ b/web/frps/components.d.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ declare module 'vue' {
    ElEmpty: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElEmpty']
    ElIcon: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElIcon']
    ElInput: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElInput']
-    ElPopover: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElPopover']
    ElRow: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElRow']
    ElSwitch: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSwitch']
    ElTag: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTag']
--- a/web/frps/src/api/http.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/api/http.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,13 @@ export const http = {
    request<T>(url, { ...options, method: 'GET' }),
  getV2: <T>(url: string, options?: RequestInit) =>
    requestV2<T>(url, { ...options, method: 'GET' }),
+  postV2: <T>(url: string, body?: any, options?: RequestInit) =>
+    requestV2<T>(url, {
+      ...options,
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', ...options?.headers },
+      body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    }),
  post: <T>(url: string, body?: any, options?: RequestInit) =>
    request<T>(url, {
      ...options,
--- a/web/frps/src/api/proxy.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/api/proxy.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
 import { buildQueryString, http } from './http'
+import { formatUnixSeconds } from '../utils/format'
 import type { V2Page } from './http'
 import type {
  GetProxyResponse,
  ProxyListV2Params,
  ProxyStatsInfo,
  ProxyV2Info,
+  ProxyV2Spec,
+  ProxyV2SpecBlocks,
+  ProxyV2Type,
  TrafficResponse,
 } from '../types/proxy'

+export interface SystemPruneResponse {
+  type: 'offline_proxies'
+  cleared: number
+  total: number
+}
+
 export const getProxiesByType = (type: string) => {
  return http.get<GetProxyResponse>(`../api/proxy/${type}`)
 }
@@ -32,32 +42,77 @@ export const getProxiesV2 = async (params: ProxyListV2Params = {}) => {
  }
 }

-const toLegacyProxyStats = (proxy: ProxyV2Info): ProxyStatsInfo => ({
+const getActiveProxySpec = (
+  spec: ProxyV2Spec,
+): ProxyV2SpecBlocks[ProxyV2Type] => {
+  switch (spec.type) {
+    case 'tcp':
+      return spec.tcp
+    case 'udp':
+      return spec.udp
+    case 'http':
+      return spec.http
+    case 'https':
+      return spec.https
+    case 'tcpmux':
+      return spec.tcpmux
+    case 'stcp':
+      return spec.stcp
+    case 'sudp':
+      return spec.sudp
+    case 'xtcp':
+      return spec.xtcp
+    default:
+      return assertNever(spec)
+  }
+}
+
+const assertNever = (value: never): never => {
+  throw new Error(`Unsupported proxy spec: ${JSON.stringify(value)}`)
+}
+
+export const toLegacyProxyStats = (proxy: ProxyV2Info): ProxyStatsInfo => {
+  const type = proxy.spec.type
+  const activeSpec = getActiveProxySpec(proxy.spec)
+
+  return {
    name: proxy.name,
-  type: proxy.type,
-  conf: proxy.spec,
+    type,
+    conf: proxy.status.phase === 'offline' ? null : activeSpec,
    user: proxy.user,
    clientID: proxy.clientID,
    todayTrafficIn: proxy.status.todayTrafficIn,
    todayTrafficOut: proxy.status.todayTrafficOut,
    curConns: proxy.status.curConns,
-  lastStartTime: proxy.status.lastStartTime,
-  lastCloseTime: proxy.status.lastCloseTime,
+    lastStartTime: formatUnixSeconds(proxy.status.lastStartAt),
+    lastCloseTime: formatUnixSeconds(proxy.status.lastCloseAt),
    status: proxy.status.phase,
-})
+  }
+}

 export const getProxy = (type: string, name: string) => {
  return http.get<ProxyStatsInfo>(`../api/proxy/${type}/${name}`)
 }

+export const getProxyByNameV2 = async (name: string) => {
+  const proxy = await http.getV2<ProxyV2Info>(
+    `../api/v2/proxies/${encodeURIComponent(name)}`,
+  )
+  return toLegacyProxyStats(proxy)
+}
+
 export const getProxyByName = (name: string) => {
  return http.get<ProxyStatsInfo>(`../api/proxies/${name}`)
 }

 export const getProxyTraffic = (name: string) => {
-  return http.get<TrafficResponse>(`../api/traffic/${name}`)
+  return http.getV2<TrafficResponse>(
+    `../api/v2/proxies/${encodeURIComponent(name)}/traffic`,
+  )
 }

 export const clearOfflineProxies = () => {
-  return http.delete('../api/proxies?status=offline')
+  return http.postV2<SystemPruneResponse>(
+    '../api/v2/system/prune?type=offline_proxies',
+  )
 }
--- a/web/frps/src/api/server.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/api/server.ts
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ import { http } from './http'
 import type { ServerInfo } from '../types/server'

 export const getServerInfo = () => {
-  return http.get<ServerInfo>('../api/serverinfo')
+  return http.getV2<ServerInfo>('../api/v2/system/info')
 }
--- a/web/frps/src/components/Traffic.vue
+++ b/web/frps/src/components/Traffic.vue
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import { formatFileSize } from '../utils/format'
 import { getProxyTraffic } from '../api/proxy'
+import type { TrafficResponse } from '../types/proxy'

 const props = defineProps<{
  proxyName: string
@@ -71,41 +72,24 @@ const chartData = ref<
 >([])
 const maxVal = ref(0)

-const processData = (trafficIn: number[], trafficOut: number[]) => {
-  // Ensure we have arrays and reverse them (server returns newest first)
-  const inArr = [...(trafficIn || [])].reverse()
-  const outArr = [...(trafficOut || [])].reverse()
-
-  // Pad with zeros if less than 7 days
-  while (inArr.length < 7) inArr.unshift(0)
-  while (outArr.length < 7) outArr.unshift(0)
-
-  // Slice to last 7 entries just in case
-  const finalIn = inArr.slice(-7)
-  const finalOut = outArr.slice(-7)
-
-  // Calculate dates (last 7 days ending today)
-  const dates: string[] = []
-  const d = new Date()
-  d.setDate(d.getDate() - 6)
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
-    dates.push(`${d.getMonth() + 1}-${d.getDate()}`)
-    d.setDate(d.getDate() + 1)
+const formatDateLabel = (date: string) => {
+  const parts = date.split('-')
+  if (parts.length !== 3) return date
+  return `${Number(parts[1])}-${Number(parts[2])}`
 }

-  // Find max value for scaling
-  const maxIn = Math.max(...finalIn)
-  const maxOut = Math.max(...finalOut)
+const processData = (history: TrafficResponse['history'] = []) => {
+  const points = history || []
+  const maxIn = Math.max(0, ...points.map((item) => item.trafficIn))
+  const maxOut = Math.max(0, ...points.map((item) => item.trafficOut))
  maxVal.value = Math.max(maxIn, maxOut, 100) // Minimum scale 100 bytes

-  // Build chart data
-  chartData.value = dates.map((date, i) => ({
-    date,
-    in: finalIn[i],
-    out: finalOut[i],
-    inPercent: (finalIn[i] / maxVal.value) * 100,
-    outPercent: (finalOut[i] / maxVal.value) * 100,
+  chartData.value = points.map((item) => ({
+    date: formatDateLabel(item.date),
+    in: item.trafficIn,
+    out: item.trafficOut,
+    inPercent: (item.trafficIn / maxVal.value) * 100,
+    outPercent: (item.trafficOut / maxVal.value) * 100,
  }))
 }

@@ -113,7 +97,7 @@ const fetchData = () => {
  loading.value = true
  getProxyTraffic(props.proxyName)
    .then((json) => {
-      processData(json.trafficIn, json.trafficOut)
+      processData(json.history)
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      ElMessage({
--- a/web/frps/src/types/client.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/types/client.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ export interface ClientInfoData {
  wireProtocol?: string
  hostname: string
  clientIP?: string
-  metas?: Record<string, string>
  firstConnectedAt: number
  lastConnectedAt: number
  disconnectedAt?: number
--- a/web/frps/src/types/proxy.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/types/proxy.ts
@@ -28,24 +28,102 @@ export interface ProxyListV2Params {

 export interface ProxyV2Info {
  name: string
-  type: string
  user: string
  clientID: string
-  spec: any
+  spec: ProxyV2Spec
  status: ProxyV2Status
 }

+export interface ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  annotations?: Record<string, string>
+  metadatas?: Record<string, string>
+  transport?: {
+    useEncryption: boolean
+    useCompression: boolean
+    bandwidthLimit: string
+    bandwidthLimitMode: string
+  }
+  loadBalancer?: {
+    group: string
+  }
+}
+
+export interface ProxyV2TCPBlock extends ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  remotePort?: number
+}
+
+export interface ProxyV2UDPBlock extends ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  remotePort?: number
+}
+
+export interface ProxyV2HTTPBlock extends ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  customDomains?: string[]
+  subdomain?: string
+  locations?: string[]
+  hostHeaderRewrite?: string
+}
+
+export interface ProxyV2HTTPSBlock extends ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  customDomains?: string[]
+  subdomain?: string
+}
+
+export interface ProxyV2TCPMuxBlock extends ProxyV2BaseSpec {
+  customDomains?: string[]
+  subdomain?: string
+  multiplexer?: string
+  routeByHTTPUser?: string
+}
+
+export type ProxyV2STCPBlock = ProxyV2BaseSpec
+
+export type ProxyV2SUDPBlock = ProxyV2BaseSpec
+
+export type ProxyV2XTCPBlock = ProxyV2BaseSpec
+
+export interface ProxyV2SpecBlocks {
+  tcp: ProxyV2TCPBlock
+  udp: ProxyV2UDPBlock
+  http: ProxyV2HTTPBlock
+  https: ProxyV2HTTPSBlock
+  tcpmux: ProxyV2TCPMuxBlock
+  stcp: ProxyV2STCPBlock
+  sudp: ProxyV2SUDPBlock
+  xtcp: ProxyV2XTCPBlock
+}
+
+export type ProxyV2Type = keyof ProxyV2SpecBlocks
+
+type ProxyV2SpecFor<T extends ProxyV2Type> = {
+  type: T
+} & {
+  [K in T]: ProxyV2SpecBlocks[K]
+} & {
+  [K in Exclude<ProxyV2Type, T>]?: never
+}
+
+export type ProxyV2Spec = {
+  [T in ProxyV2Type]: ProxyV2SpecFor<T>
+}[ProxyV2Type]
+
 export interface ProxyV2Status {
-  phase: string
+  phase: 'online' | 'offline'
  todayTrafficIn: number
  todayTrafficOut: number
  curConns: number
-  lastStartTime: string
-  lastCloseTime: string
+  lastStartAt?: number
+  lastCloseAt?: number
 }

 export interface TrafficResponse {
  name: string
-  trafficIn: number[]
-  trafficOut: number[]
+  unit: 'bytes'
+  granularity: 'day'
+  history: TrafficPoint[]
+}
+
+export interface TrafficPoint {
+  date: string
+  trafficIn: number
+  trafficOut: number
 }
--- a/web/frps/src/types/server.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/types/server.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 export interface ServerInfo {
  version: string
+  config: ServerInfoConfig
+  status: ServerInfoStatus
+}
+
+export interface ServerInfoConfig {
  bindPort: number
  vhostHTTPPort: number
  vhostHTTPSPort: number
@@ -12,8 +17,9 @@ export interface ServerInfo {
  heartbeatTimeout: number
  allowPortsStr: string
  tlsForce: boolean
+}

-  // Stats
+export interface ServerInfoStatus {
  totalTrafficIn: number
  totalTrafficOut: number
  curConns: number
--- a/web/frps/src/utils/client.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/utils/client.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ export class Client {
  wireProtocol: string
  hostname: string
  ip: string
-  metas: Map<string, string>
  firstConnectedAt: Date
  lastConnectedAt: Date
  disconnectedAt?: Date
@@ -26,12 +25,6 @@ export class Client {
    this.wireProtocol = data.wireProtocol || ''
    this.hostname = data.hostname
    this.ip = data.clientIP || ''
-    this.metas = new Map<string, string>()
-    if (data.metas) {
-      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(data.metas)) {
-        this.metas.set(key, value)
-      }
-    }
    this.firstConnectedAt = new Date(data.firstConnectedAt * 1000)
    this.lastConnectedAt = new Date(data.lastConnectedAt * 1000)
    if (data.disconnectedAt && data.disconnectedAt > 0) {
@@ -52,10 +45,6 @@ export class Client {
    return this.runID
  }

-  get shortRunId(): string {
-    return this.runID.substring(0, 8)
-  }
-
  get wireProtocolLabel(): string {
    if (!this.wireProtocol) return ''
    return `Protocol ${this.wireProtocol}`
@@ -73,28 +62,4 @@ export class Client {
    if (!this.disconnectedAt) return ''
    return formatDistanceToNow(this.disconnectedAt)
  }
-
-  get statusColor(): string {
-    return this.online ? 'success' : 'danger'
-  }
-
-  get metasArray(): Array<{ key: string; value: string }> {
-    const arr: Array<{ key: string; value: string }> = []
-    this.metas.forEach((value, key) => {
-      arr.push({ key, value })
-    })
-    return arr
-  }
-
-  matchesFilter(searchText: string): boolean {
-    const search = searchText.toLowerCase()
-    return (
-      this.key.toLowerCase().includes(search) ||
-      this.user.toLowerCase().includes(search) ||
-      this.clientID.toLowerCase().includes(search) ||
-      this.runID.toLowerCase().includes(search) ||
-      this.wireProtocol.toLowerCase().includes(search) ||
-      this.hostname.toLowerCase().includes(search)
-    )
-  }
 }
--- a/web/frps/src/utils/format.ts
+++ b/web/frps/src/utils/format.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ export function formatDistanceToNow(date: Date): string {
  return Math.floor(seconds) + ' seconds ago'
 }

+export function formatUnixSeconds(seconds?: number): string {
+  if (seconds == null || !Number.isFinite(seconds) || seconds <= 0) return ''
+
+  const date = new Date(seconds * 1000)
+  const pad = (value: number) => value.toString().padStart(2, '0')
+  return `${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getDate())} ${pad(date.getHours())}:${pad(date.getMinutes())}:${pad(date.getSeconds())}`
+}
+
 export function formatFileSize(bytes: number): string {
  if (!Number.isFinite(bytes) || bytes < 0) return '0 B'
  if (bytes === 0) return '0 B'
--- a/web/frps/src/views/ClientDetail.vue
+++ b/web/frps/src/views/ClientDetail.vue
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ import {
 import { getServerInfo } from '../api/server'
 import ProxyCard from '../components/ProxyCard.vue'
 import type { ProxyStatsInfo } from '../types/proxy'
+import type { ServerInfo } from '../types/server'

 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
@@ -183,16 +184,9 @@ const total = ref(0)
 let requestSeq = 0
 let searchDebounceTimer: number | null = null

-type ServerInfoLite = {
-  vhostHTTPPort: number
-  vhostHTTPSPort: number
-  tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort: number
-  subdomainHost: string
-}
+let serverInfoPromise: Promise<ServerInfo> | null = null

-let serverInfoPromise: Promise<ServerInfoLite> | null = null
-
-const fetchServerInfo = (): Promise<ServerInfoLite> => {
+const fetchServerInfo = (): Promise<ServerInfo> => {
  if (!serverInfoPromise) {
    serverInfoPromise = getServerInfo().catch((err) => {
      serverInfoPromise = null
@@ -232,25 +226,33 @@ const convertProxy = async (
  }
  if (type === 'http') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.vhostHTTPPort) {
-      return new HTTPProxy(proxy, info.vhostHTTPPort, info.subdomainHost)
+    if (info && info.config.vhostHTTPPort) {
+      return new HTTPProxy(
+        proxy,
+        info.config.vhostHTTPPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
+      )
    }
    return null
  }
  if (type === 'https') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.vhostHTTPSPort) {
-      return new HTTPSProxy(proxy, info.vhostHTTPSPort, info.subdomainHost)
+    if (info && info.config.vhostHTTPSPort) {
+      return new HTTPSProxy(
+        proxy,
+        info.config.vhostHTTPSPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
+      )
    }
    return null
  }
  if (type === 'tcpmux') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
+    if (info && info.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
      return new TCPMuxProxy(
        proxy,
-        info.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
-        info.subdomainHost,
+        info.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
      )
    }
    return null
--- a/web/frps/src/views/Proxies.vue
+++ b/web/frps/src/views/Proxies.vue
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ import {
 } from '../api/proxy'
 import { getServerInfo } from '../api/server'
 import type { ProxyStatsInfo } from '../types/proxy'
+import type { ServerInfo } from '../types/server'

 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ const proxyTypes = [
  { label: 'SUDP', value: 'sudp' },
 ]

-const activeType = ref((route.params.type as string) || 'tcp')
+const activeType = ref((route.params.type as string) || 'all')
 const proxies = ref<BaseProxy[]>([])
 const loading = ref(false)
 const searchText = ref('')
@@ -133,15 +134,9 @@ let searchDebounceTimer: number | null = null

 // Server info cache - cache the Promise itself so concurrent first calls
 // from Promise.all (convertProxies) don't kick off multiple HTTP requests.
-type ServerInfoLite = {
-  vhostHTTPPort: number
-  vhostHTTPSPort: number
-  tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort: number
-  subdomainHost: string
-}
-let serverInfoPromise: Promise<ServerInfoLite> | null = null
+let serverInfoPromise: Promise<ServerInfo> | null = null

-const fetchServerInfo = (): Promise<ServerInfoLite> => {
+const fetchServerInfo = (): Promise<ServerInfo> => {
  if (!serverInfoPromise) {
    serverInfoPromise = getServerInfo().catch((err) => {
      // Allow retry after failure
@@ -164,25 +159,33 @@ const convertProxy = async (
  }
  if (type === 'http') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.vhostHTTPPort) {
-      return new HTTPProxy(proxy, info.vhostHTTPPort, info.subdomainHost)
+    if (info && info.config.vhostHTTPPort) {
+      return new HTTPProxy(
+        proxy,
+        info.config.vhostHTTPPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
+      )
    }
    return null
  }
  if (type === 'https') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.vhostHTTPSPort) {
-      return new HTTPSProxy(proxy, info.vhostHTTPSPort, info.subdomainHost)
+    if (info && info.config.vhostHTTPSPort) {
+      return new HTTPSProxy(
+        proxy,
+        info.config.vhostHTTPSPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
+      )
    }
    return null
  }
  if (type === 'tcpmux') {
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    if (info && info.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
+    if (info && info.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
      return new TCPMuxProxy(
        proxy,
-        info.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
-        info.subdomainHost,
+        info.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
+        info.config.subdomainHost,
      )
    }
    return null
--- a/web/frps/src/views/ProxyDetail.vue
+++ b/web/frps/src/views/ProxyDetail.vue
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ import {
  Tickets,
  Location,
 } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
-import { getProxyByName } from '../api/proxy'
+import { getProxyByNameV2 } from '../api/proxy'
 import { getServerInfo } from '../api/server'
 import {
  BaseProxy,
@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ import {
  SUDPProxy,
 } from '../utils/proxy'
 import Traffic from '../components/Traffic.vue'
+import type { ServerInfo } from '../types/server'

 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
@@ -275,12 +276,7 @@ const goBack = () => {
  }
 }

-let serverInfo: {
-  vhostHTTPPort: number
-  vhostHTTPSPort: number
-  tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort: number
-  subdomainHost: string
-} | null = null
+let serverInfo: ServerInfo | null = null

 const clientLink = computed(() => {
  if (!proxy.value) return ''
@@ -365,27 +361,32 @@ const fetchProxy = async () => {
  }

  try {
-    const data = await getProxyByName(name)
+    const data = await getProxyByNameV2(name)
    const info = await fetchServerInfo()
-    const type = data.conf?.type || ''
+    const config = info.config
+    const type = data.type || data.conf?.type || ''

    if (type === 'tcp') {
      proxy.value = new TCPProxy(data)
    } else if (type === 'udp') {
      proxy.value = new UDPProxy(data)
-    } else if (type === 'http' && info?.vhostHTTPPort) {
-      proxy.value = new HTTPProxy(data, info.vhostHTTPPort, info.subdomainHost)
-    } else if (type === 'https' && info?.vhostHTTPSPort) {
+    } else if (type === 'http' && config.vhostHTTPPort) {
+      proxy.value = new HTTPProxy(
+        data,
+        config.vhostHTTPPort,
+        config.subdomainHost,
+      )
+    } else if (type === 'https' && config.vhostHTTPSPort) {
      proxy.value = new HTTPSProxy(
        data,
-        info.vhostHTTPSPort,
-        info.subdomainHost,
+        config.vhostHTTPSPort,
+        config.subdomainHost,
      )
-    } else if (type === 'tcpmux' && info?.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
+    } else if (type === 'tcpmux' && config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort) {
      proxy.value = new TCPMuxProxy(
        data,
-        info.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
-        info.subdomainHost,
+        config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort,
+        config.subdomainHost,
      )
    } else if (type === 'stcp') {
      proxy.value = new STCPProxy(data)
--- a/web/frps/src/views/ServerOverview.vue
+++ b/web/frps/src/views/ServerOverview.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
      <el-col :xs="24" :sm="12" :lg="6">
        <StatCard
          label="Clients"
-          :value="data.clientCounts"
+          :value="data.status.clientCounts"
          type="clients"
          subtitle="Connected clients"
          to="/clients"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
      <el-col :xs="24" :sm="12" :lg="6">
        <StatCard
          label="Proxies"
-          :value="data.proxyCounts"
+          :value="proxyCounts"
          type="proxies"
          subtitle="Active proxies"
          to="/proxies/tcp"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
      <el-col :xs="24" :sm="12" :lg="6">
        <StatCard
          label="Connections"
-          :value="data.curConns"
+          :value="data.status.curConns"
          type="connections"
          subtitle="Current connections"
        />
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
              <div class="traffic-info">
                <div class="label">Inbound</div>
                <div class="value">
-                  {{ formatFileSize(data.totalTrafficIn) }}
+                  {{ formatFileSize(data.status.totalTrafficIn) }}
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
              <div class="traffic-info">
                <div class="label">Outbound</div>
                <div class="value">
-                  {{ formatFileSize(data.totalTrafficOut) }}
+                  {{ formatFileSize(data.status.totalTrafficOut) }}
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
          </template>
          <div class="proxy-types-grid">
            <div
-              v-for="(count, type) in data.proxyTypeCounts"
+              v-for="(count, type) in data.status.proxyTypeCount"
              :key="type"
              class="proxy-type-item"
              v-show="count > 0"
@@ -109,51 +109,51 @@
      <div class="config-grid">
        <div class="config-item">
          <span class="config-label">Bind Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.bindPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.bindPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.kcpBindPort != 0">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.kcpBindPort != 0">
          <span class="config-label">KCP Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.kcpBindPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.kcpBindPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.quicBindPort != 0">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.quicBindPort != 0">
          <span class="config-label">QUIC Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.quicBindPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.quicBindPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.vhostHTTPPort != 0">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.vhostHTTPPort != 0">
          <span class="config-label">HTTP Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.vhostHTTPPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.vhostHTTPPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.vhostHTTPSPort != 0">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.vhostHTTPSPort != 0">
          <span class="config-label">HTTPS Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.vhostHTTPSPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.vhostHTTPSPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort != 0">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort != 0">
          <span class="config-label">TCPMux Port</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.subdomainHost != ''">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.subdomainHost != ''">
          <span class="config-label">Subdomain Host</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.subdomainHost }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.subdomainHost }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="config-item">
          <span class="config-label">Max Pool Count</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.maxPoolCount }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.maxPoolCount }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="config-item">
          <span class="config-label">Max Ports/Client</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.maxPortsPerClient }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ maxPortsPerClientLabel }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.allowPortsStr != ''">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.allowPortsStr != ''">
          <span class="config-label">Allow Ports</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.allowPortsStr }}</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.allowPortsStr }}</span>
        </div>
-        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.tlsForce">
+        <div class="config-item" v-if="data.config.tlsForce">
          <span class="config-label">TLS Force</span>
          <el-tag size="small" type="warning">Enabled</el-tag>
        </div>
        <div class="config-item">
          <span class="config-label">Heartbeat Timeout</span>
-          <span class="config-value">{{ data.heartbeatTimeout }}s</span>
+          <span class="config-value">{{ data.config.heartbeatTimeout }}s</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </el-card>
@@ -167,9 +167,11 @@ import { formatFileSize } from '../utils/format'
 import { Download, Upload } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
 import StatCard from '../components/StatCard.vue'
 import { getServerInfo } from '../api/server'
+import type { ServerInfo } from '../types/server'

-const data = ref({
+const data = ref<ServerInfo>({
  version: '',
+  config: {
    bindPort: 0,
    kcpBindPort: 0,
    quicBindPort: 0,
@@ -178,58 +180,46 @@ const data = ref({
    tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort: 0,
    subdomainHost: '',
    maxPoolCount: 0,
-  maxPortsPerClient: '',
+    maxPortsPerClient: 0,
    allowPortsStr: '',
    tlsForce: false,
    heartbeatTimeout: 0,
+  },
+  status: {
    clientCounts: 0,
    curConns: 0,
-  proxyCounts: 0,
    totalTrafficIn: 0,
    totalTrafficOut: 0,
-  proxyTypeCounts: {} as Record<string, number>,
+    proxyTypeCount: {},
+  },
 })

 const hasActiveProxies = computed(() => {
-  return Object.values(data.value.proxyTypeCounts).some((c) => c > 0)
+  return Object.values(data.value.status.proxyTypeCount).some((c) => c > 0)
+})
+
+const proxyCounts = computed(() => {
+  return Object.values(data.value.status.proxyTypeCount).reduce(
+    (sum, count) => sum + (count || 0),
+    0,
+  )
+})
+
+const maxPortsPerClientLabel = computed(() => {
+  const value = data.value.config.maxPortsPerClient
+  return value === 0 ? 'no limit' : String(value)
 })

 const formatTrafficTotal = () => {
-  const total = data.value.totalTrafficIn + data.value.totalTrafficOut
+  const total =
+    data.value.status.totalTrafficIn + data.value.status.totalTrafficOut
  return formatFileSize(total)
 }

 const fetchData = async () => {
  try {
    const json = await getServerInfo()
-    data.value.version = json.version
-    data.value.bindPort = json.bindPort
-    data.value.kcpBindPort = json.kcpBindPort
-    data.value.quicBindPort = json.quicBindPort
-    data.value.vhostHTTPPort = json.vhostHTTPPort
-    data.value.vhostHTTPSPort = json.vhostHTTPSPort
-    data.value.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort = json.tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort
-    data.value.subdomainHost = json.subdomainHost
-    data.value.maxPoolCount = json.maxPoolCount
-    data.value.maxPortsPerClient = String(json.maxPortsPerClient)
-    if (data.value.maxPortsPerClient == '0') {
-      data.value.maxPortsPerClient = 'no limit'
-    }
-    data.value.allowPortsStr = json.allowPortsStr
-    data.value.tlsForce = json.tlsForce
-    data.value.heartbeatTimeout = json.heartbeatTimeout
-    data.value.clientCounts = json.clientCounts
-    data.value.curConns = json.curConns
-    data.value.totalTrafficIn = json.totalTrafficIn
-    data.value.totalTrafficOut = json.totalTrafficOut
-    data.value.proxyTypeCounts = json.proxyTypeCount || {}
-
-    data.value.proxyCounts = 0
-    if (json.proxyTypeCount != null) {
-      Object.values(json.proxyTypeCount).forEach((count: any) => {
-        data.value.proxyCounts += count || 0
-      })
-    }
+    data.value = json
  } catch {
    ElMessage({
      showClose: true,
--- a/web/package-lock.json
+++ b/web/package-lock.json
@@ -147,14 +147,13 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
-      "version": "0.27.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.27.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-cQPwL2mp2nSmHHJlCyoXgHGhbEPMrEEU5xhkcy3Hs/O7nGZqEpZ2sUtLaL9MORLtDfRvVl2/3PAuEkYZH0Ty8Q==",
+      "version": "0.28.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.28.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Svl7tq8k/08+p6CXPpRjQ1fKX+1odH/BQbb48fV6fj3CWHhsoIOoY87w1oHXm0qEpkIK3ZfVgp0hed3XBXzXMQ==",
      "cpu": [
        "ppc64"
      ],
      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
      "optional": true,
      "os": [
        "aix"
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@@ -572,14 +547,13 @@
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-        "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.27.4",
-        "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.27.4"
+        "@esbuild/aix-ppc64": "0.28.1",
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+        "@esbuild/freebsd-x64": "0.28.1",
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+        "@esbuild/linux-arm64": "0.28.1",
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+        "@esbuild/linux-riscv64": "0.28.1",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.3.0.tgz",
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      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/puzrin"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nodeca"
+        }
+      ],
      "dependencies": {
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@@ -6206,11 +6188,10 @@
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@@ -7390,12 +7371,12 @@
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      "dev": true,
      "dependencies": {
-        "esbuild": "^0.27.0",
+        "esbuild": "^0.27.0 || ^0.28.0",
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        "picomatch": "^4.0.3",
        "postcss": "^8.5.6",
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
fatedier	7dc7be930e	ssh: fix malformed exec payload panic (#5428 )	2026-07-21 23:04:56 +08:00
fatedier	d486018885	fix(server): prevent control replacement lifecycle leaks (#5424 )	2026-07-21 18:09:09 +08:00
fatedier	fe79598ee4	fix: fail fast on cross-compile errors (#5420 )	2026-07-16 16:40:48 +08:00
fatedier	269a26c5d5	fix(nathole): migrate STUN client to golib (#5419 )	2026-07-16 13:11:45 +08:00
fatedier	2886393f5b	ci: remove unsupported s390x image target (#5412 )	2026-07-11 22:44:45 +08:00
fatedier	5396947c7c	remove retired Go Report Card badge (#5409 )	2026-07-11 15:59:51 +08:00
fatedier	fe61093bc2	bump version to 0.70.0 (#5406 )	2026-07-11 14:28:19 +08:00
fatedier	54aeb2a7b0	feat(server): add typed frps v2 proxy specs (#5405 )	2026-07-11 10:34:04 +08:00
fatedier	84be1938e4	api: expose v2 proxy timestamps as unix seconds (#5402 )	2026-07-09 14:47:19 +08:00
fatedier	becee40715	docs: update API v2 release notes (#5400 )	2026-07-08 15:54:16 +08:00
fatedier	17e788d43b	refactor: clean up frps v2 frontend models (#5399 )	2026-07-08 13:10:55 +08:00
fatedier	68509f5d44	Add frps proxy traffic API v2 (#5398 )	2026-07-08 02:05:28 +08:00
fatedier	5cd722b177	feat: add system prune API v2 (#5395 )	2026-07-07 13:00:53 +08:00
fatedier	5876beceac	feat: add system info API v2 (#5394 )	2026-07-07 02:00:44 +08:00
fatedier	7fe152e3aa	web/frps: use API v2 for client and proxy details (#5386 )	2026-06-30 01:33:57 +08:00
fatedier	7c343fc6e7	web: bump esbuild to 0.28.1 and remove unused ElPopover type (#5385 )	2026-06-29 23:21:22 +08:00
fatedier	a3b3b35b69	feat(ui): default proxies view to all tab (#5384 )	2026-06-29 22:49:08 +08:00