feat: use binary codec for SUDP packets (#5461)

The 2024 bundler-mode migration changed the dashboard tsconfig include
lists to src/**, leaving the root env.d.ts files outside the TypeScript
programs. Move the Vite client declarations into src/ for both the frpc
and frps dashboards so they are part of the programs again.

Drop the *.vue wildcard module shim: the current vue-tsc toolchain
resolves SFC types without it, and the shim would only mask real
component prop types under plain tsc.

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - checkout
     - run:
-        name: Build web assets (frps)
-        command: make install build
-        working_directory: web/frps
+        name: Test and build web assets
+        command: make web-ci
     - run:
-        name: Build web assets (frpc)
-        command: make install build
-        working_directory: web/frpc
-    - run: make
+        name: Check Go formatting and build binaries
+        command: |
+          set -e
+          make env fmt
+          git diff --exit-code
+          make build
     - run: make alltest
 
 workflows:

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-* text=auto eol=lf

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# These are supported funding model platforms
+
+github: [fatedier]
+custom: ["https://afdian.com/a/fatedier"]

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+### WHY
+
+<!-- author to complete -->

.github/workflows/build-all.yaml

@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-name: Build FRP Binaries
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - '**'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  workflow_call:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Build FRP ${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ matrix.goarch }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        goos: [linux, windows, darwin, freebsd, openbsd, android]
-        goarch: [amd64, 386, arm, arm64]
-        include:
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: loong64
-        exclude:
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: arm
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: 386
-          - goos: freebsd
-            goarch: arm
-          - goos: openbsd
-            goarch: arm
-          - goos: android
-            goarch: amd64
-          - goos: android
-            goarch: 386
-          # 排除 Android ARM 32位,在单独的 job 中处理
-          - goos: android
-            goarch: arm
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout source
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update -y
-          sudo apt-get install -y zip tar make gcc g++ upx
-
-      - name: Build FRP for ${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ matrix.goarch }}
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p release/packages
-
-          echo "Building for ${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ matrix.goarch }}"
-
-          # 构建版本号
-          make
-          version=$(./bin/frps --version)
-          echo "Detected version: $version"
-
-          export GOOS=${{ matrix.goos }}
-          export GOARCH=${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          export CGO_ENABLED=0
-
-          # 构建可执行文件
-          make frpc frps
-
-          if [ "${{ matrix.goos }}" = "windows" ]; then
-            if [ -f "./bin/frpc" ]; then mv ./bin/frpc ./bin/frpc.exe; fi
-            if [ -f "./bin/frps" ]; then mv ./bin/frps ./bin/frps.exe; fi
-          fi
-
-          out_dir="release/packages/frp_${version}_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}"
-          mkdir -p "$out_dir"
-
-          if [ "${{ matrix.goos }}" = "windows" ]; then
-            mv ./bin/frpc.exe "$out_dir/frpc.exe"
-            mv ./bin/frps.exe "$out_dir/frps.exe"
-          else
-            mv ./bin/frpc "$out_dir/frpc"
-            mv ./bin/frps "$out_dir/frps"
-          fi
-
-          cp LICENSE "$out_dir"
-          cp -f conf/frpc.toml "$out_dir"
-          cp -f conf/frps.toml "$out_dir"
-
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: LoliaFrp_${{ matrix.goos }}_${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          path: |
-            release/packages/frp_*
-          retention-days: 7
-
-  build-android-arm:
-    name: Build FRP android-arm
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout source
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
-
-      - name: Install dependencies and Android NDK
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update -y
-          sudo apt-get install -y zip tar make gcc g++ upx wget unzip
-          
-          # 下载并安装 Android NDK
-          echo "Downloading Android NDK..."
-          wget -q https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r26c-linux.zip
-          echo "Extracting Android NDK..."
-          unzip -q android-ndk-r26c-linux.zip
-          echo "NDK installed at: $PWD/android-ndk-r26c"
-
-      - name: Build FRP for android-arm
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p release/packages
-          mkdir -p bin
-          
-          echo "Building for android-arm with CGO"
-          
-          # 首先构建一次获取版本号
-          CGO_ENABLED=0 make
-          version=$(./bin/frps --version)
-          echo "Detected version: $version"
-          
-          # 清理之前的构建
-          rm -rf ./bin/*
-          
-          # 设置 Android ARM 交叉编译环境
-          export GOOS=android
-          export GOARCH=arm
-          export GOARM=7
-          export CGO_ENABLED=1
-          export CC=$PWD/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang
-          export CXX=$PWD/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang++
-          
-          echo "Environment:"
-          echo "GOOS=$GOOS"
-          echo "GOARCH=$GOARCH"
-          echo "GOARM=$GOARM"
-          echo "CGO_ENABLED=$CGO_ENABLED"
-          echo "CC=$CC"
-          
-          # 直接使用 go build 命令，不通过 Makefile，防止 CGO_ENABLED 被覆盖
-          echo "Building frps..."
-          go build -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w" -tags frps -o bin/frps ./cmd/frps
-          
-          echo "Building frpc..."
-          go build -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w" -tags frpc -o bin/frpc ./cmd/frpc
-          
-          # 验证文件已生成
-          ls -lh ./bin/
-          file ./bin/frpc
-          file ./bin/frps
-          
-          out_dir="release/packages/frp_${version}_android_arm"
-          mkdir -p "$out_dir"
-          
-          mv ./bin/frpc "$out_dir/frpc"
-          mv ./bin/frps "$out_dir/frps"
-          
-          cp LICENSE "$out_dir"
-          cp -f conf/frpc.toml "$out_dir"
-          cp -f conf/frps.toml "$out_dir"
-          
-          echo "Build completed for android-arm"
-          ls -lh "$out_dir"
-
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: LoliaFrp_android_arm
-          path: |
-            release/packages/frp_*
-          retention-days: 7

.github/workflows/build-and-push-image.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: Build Image and Publish to Dockerhub & GPR
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [ published ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: 'Image tag'
+        required: true
+        default: 'test'
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  image:
+    name: Build Image from Dockerfile and binaries
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      # environment
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: '0'
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+
+      # get image tag name
+      - name: Get Image Tag Name
+        run: |
+          if [ x${{ github.event.inputs.tag }} == x"" ]; then
+            echo "TAG_NAME=${GITHUB_REF#refs/*/}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "TAG_NAME=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+      - name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Login to the GPR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GPR_TOKEN }}
+
+      # prepare image tags
+      - name: Prepare Image Tags
+        run: |
+          echo "DOCKERFILE_FRPC_PATH=dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frpc" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "DOCKERFILE_FRPS_PATH=dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frps" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TAG_FRPC=fatedier/frpc:${{ env.TAG_NAME }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TAG_FRPS=fatedier/frps:${{ env.TAG_NAME }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TAG_FRPC_GPR=ghcr.io/fatedier/frpc:${{ env.TAG_NAME }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "TAG_FRPS_GPR=ghcr.io/fatedier/frps:${{ env.TAG_NAME }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Build and push frpc
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frpc
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le
+          push: true
+          tags: |
+            ${{ env.TAG_FRPC }}
+            ${{ env.TAG_FRPC_GPR }}
+
+      - name: Build and push frps
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frps
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le
+          push: true
+          tags: |
+            ${{ env.TAG_FRPS }}
+            ${{ env.TAG_FRPS_GPR }}

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-name: Docker Build and Push
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - dev
-    tags:
-      - 'v*'
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-      - dev
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-env:
-  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-      id-token: write
-
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - name: frps
-            dockerfile: dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frps
-            image_name: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/loliacli-frps
-          - name: frpc
-            dockerfile: dockerfiles/Dockerfile-for-frpc
-            image_name: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/loliacli-frpc
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
-        with:
-          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
-          username: ${{ github.actor }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Extract metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          images: ${{ matrix.image_name }}
-          tags: |
-            type=ref,event=branch
-            type=ref,event=pr
-            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
-            type=semver,pattern={{major}}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable={{is_default_branch}}
-
-      - name: Build and push Docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
-        with:
-          context: .
-          file: ${{ matrix.dockerfile }}
-          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
-
-      - name: Generate image digest
-        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        run: |
-          echo "Image pushed to: ${{ matrix.image_name }}"
-          echo "Tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}"

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -22,12 +22,8 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
       with:
         node-version: '22'
-    - name: Build web assets (frps)
-      run: make build
-      working-directory: web/frps
-    - name: Build web assets (frpc)
-      run: make build
-      working-directory: web/frpc
+    - name: Test and build web assets
+      run: make web-ci
     - name: golangci-lint
       uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
       with:

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-name: Release FRP Binaries
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - "v*"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      tag:
-        description: "Tag to release (e.g., v1.0.0)"
-        required: true
-        type: string
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-jobs:
-  # 调用 build-all workflow
-  build:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-all.yaml
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-
-  # 创建 release
-  release:
-    name: Create Release
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout source
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Get tag name
-        id: tag
-        run: |
-          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
-            echo "tag=${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          else
-            echo "tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          fi
-
-      - name: Download all artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: artifacts
-
-      - name: Display artifact structure
-        run: |
-          echo "Artifact structure:"
-          ls -R artifacts/
-
-      - name: Organize release files
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p release_files
-
-          # 查找并复制所有压缩包
-          find artifacts -type f \( -name "*.zip" -o -name "*.tar.gz" \) -exec cp {} release_files/ \;
-
-          # 如果没有压缩包，尝试查找二进制文件并打包
-          if [ -z "$(ls -A release_files/)" ]; then
-            echo "No archives found, looking for directories to package..."
-            for dir in artifacts/*/; do
-              if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
-                artifact_name=$(basename "$dir")
-                echo "Packaging $artifact_name"
-                
-                # 检查是否是 Windows 构建
-                if echo "$artifact_name" | grep -q "windows"; then
-                  (cd "$dir" && zip -r "../../release_files/${artifact_name}.zip" .)
-                else
-                  tar -czf "release_files/${artifact_name}.tar.gz" -C "$dir" .
-                fi
-              fi
-            done
-          fi
-
-          echo "Files in release_files:"
-          ls -lh release_files/
-
-      - name: Generate checksums
-        run: |
-          cd release_files
-          if [ -n "$(ls -A .)" ]; then
-            sha256sum * > sha256sum.txt
-            cat sha256sum.txt
-          else
-            echo "No files to generate checksums for!"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-
-      - name: Debug - Check tags and commits
-        run: |
-          echo "Current tag: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}"
-          PREV_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}^ 2>/dev/null || echo "none")
-          echo "Previous tag: $PREV_TAG"
-
-          echo ""
-          echo "Commits between tags:"
-          if [ "$PREV_TAG" != "none" ]; then
-            git log --oneline $PREV_TAG..${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
-          else
-            echo "First tag, showing all commits:"
-            git log --oneline ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
-          fi
-
-      - name: Build Changelog
-        id: changelog
-        uses: requarks/changelog-action@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          tag: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
-          writeToFile: false
-          includeInvalidCommits: true
-          useGitmojis: false
-      - name: Create Release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
-        with:
-          tag_name: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
-          name: Release ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
-          body: ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changes }}
-          draft: false
-          prerelease: false
-          files: |
-            release_files/*
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ node_modules/
 *.swp
 
 # AI
-CLAUDE.md
 .claude/
 .sisyphus/
 .superpowers/
-
-# TLS
-.autotls-cache

Makefile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ NOWEB_TAG = $(shell [ ! -d web/frps/dist ] || [ ! -d web/frpc/dist ] && echo ',n
 FRP_COMPAT_BASELINE_COUNT ?= 8
 FRP_COMPAT_FLOOR_VERSION ?= 0.61.0
 
-.PHONY: web frps-web frpc-web frps frpc e2e-compatibility-smoke e2e-compatibility e2e-compatibility-floor
+.PHONY: web web-ci frps-web frpc-web frps frpc e2e-compatibility-smoke e2e-compatibility e2e-compatibility-floor
 
 all: env fmt web build
 
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ env:
 
 web: frps-web frpc-web
 
+web-ci:
+	cd web && npm ci && npm run lint:check --workspace frps && npm run lint:check --workspace frpc && npm run test:unit && npm run build --workspace frps && npm run build --workspace frpc
+
 frps-web:
 	$(MAKE) -C web/frps build
 

Makefile.cross-compiles

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ all: build
 build: app
 
 app:
-	@$(foreach n, $(os-archs), \
+	@set -e; $(foreach n, $(os-archs), \
 		os=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 1); \
 		arch=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 2); \
 		extra=$(shell echo "$(n)" | cut -d : -f 3); \

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 [![Build Status](https://circleci.com/gh/fatedier/frp.svg?style=shield)](https://circleci.com/gh/fatedier/frp)
 [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/tag/fatedier/frp.svg?label=release)](https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases)
-[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/fatedier/frp)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/fatedier/frp)
 [![GitHub Releases Stats](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/fatedier/frp/total.svg?logo=github)](https://somsubhra.github.io/github-release-stats/?username=fatedier&repository=frp)
 
 [README](README.md) | [中文文档](README_zh.md)
@@ -13,6 +12,16 @@ frp is an open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirel
 
 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<div align="center">
+
+## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
+
+If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
+
+an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
+
+</div>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
     <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
@@ -30,16 +39,6 @@ frp is an open source project with its ongoing development made possible entirel
 	<sub>An open source, self-hosted alternative to public clouds, built for data ownership and privacy</sub>
   </a>
 </p>
-
-<div align="center">
-
-## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
-
-If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
-
-an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
-
-</div>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->
 
 ## What is frp?

README_zh.md

@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@ frp 是一个完全开源的项目，我们的开发工作完全依靠赞助者
 
 <h3 align="center">Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <!--gold sponsors start-->
+<div align="center">
+
+## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
+
+If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
+
+an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
+
+</div>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://jb.gg/frp" target="_blank">
     <img width="420px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fatedier/frp/dev/doc/pic/sponsor_jetbrains.jpg">
@@ -32,16 +42,6 @@ frp 是一个完全开源的项目，我们的开发工作完全依靠赞助者
 	<sub>An open source, self-hosted alternative to public clouds, built for data ownership and privacy</sub>
   </a>
 </p>
-
-<div align="center">
-
-## Recall.ai - API for meeting recordings
-
-If you're looking for a meeting recording API, consider checking out [Recall.ai](https://www.recall.ai/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fatedier-frp),
-
-an API that records Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, in-person meetings, and more.
-
-</div>
 <!--gold sponsors end-->
 
 ## 为什么使用 frp ？

Release.md

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ## Features
 
-* `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"` now also applies to UDP-based proxy payloads, including ordinary UDP and SUDP, so their payload framing is consistent with the selected wire protocol.
-* Improved SUDP compatibility during mixed `transport.wireProtocol` deployments, allowing frps to bridge payloads between v1/default and v2 SUDP clients.
-* XTCP work connection `NatHoleSid` messages now follow the selected `transport.wireProtocol`.
+* UDP packet payloads for ordinary UDP proxies and SUDP now use a dedicated binary codec when frpc and frps successfully negotiate the capability under wire protocol v2, using a more compact wire representation. Wire protocol v1 remains JSON; wire protocol v2 falls back to JSON `UDPPacket` when the peer does not support or did not negotiate the capability.
 
-## Compatibility Notes
+## Fixes
 
-* When enabling `transport.wireProtocol = "v2"` for SUDP, upgrade both the proxy and visitor frpc instances first, or keep them on `v1` until both sides are upgraded.
+* Fixed a server panic and remote denial of service caused by a client sending a negative `pool_count`. Negative values are now rejected before work-connection pool resources are allocated.

client/control.go

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -49,6 +47,8 @@ type SessionContext struct {
 	Connector MessageConnector
 	// Virtual net controller
 	VnetController *vnet.Controller
+	// UDPPacketCodec is immutable for the lifetime of this negotiated session.
+	UDPPacketCodec string
 }
 
 type Control struct {
@@ -94,9 +94,16 @@ func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, erro
 	ctl.registerMsgHandlers()
 	ctl.msgTransporter = transport.NewMessageTransporter(ctl.msgDispatcher)
 
-	ctl.pm = proxy.NewManager(ctl.ctx, sessionCtx.Common, sessionCtx.Auth.EncryptionKey(), ctl.msgTransporter, sessionCtx.VnetController)
+	ctl.pm = proxy.NewManager(
+		ctl.ctx,
+		sessionCtx.Common,
+		sessionCtx.Auth.EncryptionKey(),
+		ctl.msgTransporter,
+		sessionCtx.VnetController,
+		sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec,
+	)
 	ctl.vm = visitor.NewManager(ctl.ctx, sessionCtx.RunID, sessionCtx.Common,
-		ctl.connectServer, ctl.msgTransporter, sessionCtx.VnetController)
+		ctl.connectServer, ctl.msgTransporter, sessionCtx.VnetController, sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec)
 	return ctl, nil
 }
 
@@ -162,44 +169,9 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxyResp(m msg.Message) {
 	proxyName := naming.StripUserPrefix(ctl.sessionCtx.Common.User, inMsg.ProxyName)
 	err := ctl.pm.StartProxy(proxyName, inMsg.RemoteAddr, inMsg.Error)
 	if err != nil {
-		xl.Warnf("[%s] 启动失败: %v", proxyName, err)
+		xl.Warnf("[%s] start error: %v", proxyName, err)
 	} else {
-		xl.Infof("[%s] 成功启动隧道", proxyName)
-		if inMsg.RemoteAddr != "" {
-			// Get proxy type to format access message
-			if status, ok := ctl.pm.GetProxyStatus(proxyName); ok {
-				proxyType := status.Type
-				remoteAddr := inMsg.RemoteAddr
-				var accessMsg string
-
-				switch proxyType {
-				case "tcp", "udp", "stcp", "xtcp", "sudp", "tcpmux":
-					// If remoteAddr only contains port (e.g., ":8080"), prepend server address
-					if strings.HasPrefix(remoteAddr, ":") {
-						serverAddr := ctl.sessionCtx.Common.ServerAddr
-						remoteAddr = serverAddr + remoteAddr
-					}
-					accessMsg = fmt.Sprintf("您可通过 %s 访问您的服务", remoteAddr)
-				case "http", "https":
-					// Format as URL with protocol
-					protocol := proxyType
-					addr := remoteAddr
-					// Remove standard ports for cleaner URL
-					if proxyType == "http" && strings.HasSuffix(addr, ":80") {
-						addr = strings.TrimSuffix(addr, ":80")
-					} else if proxyType == "https" && strings.HasSuffix(addr, ":443") {
-						addr = strings.TrimSuffix(addr, ":443")
-					}
-					accessMsg = fmt.Sprintf("您可通过 %s://%s 访问您的服务", protocol, addr)
-				default:
-					accessMsg = fmt.Sprintf("您可通过 %s 访问您的服务", remoteAddr)
-				}
-
-				xl.Infof("[%s] %s", proxyName, accessMsg)
-			} else {
-				xl.Infof("[%s] 您可通过 %s 访问您的服务", proxyName, inMsg.RemoteAddr)
-			}
-		}
+		xl.Infof("[%s] start proxy success", proxyName)
 	}
 }
 

client/control_session.go

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ func (d *controlSessionDialer) Dial(previousRunID string) (*SessionContext, erro
 		Auth:           d.auth,
 		Connector:      newMessageConnector(connector, d.common.Transport.WireProtocol),
 		VnetController: d.vnetController,
+		UDPPacketCodec: loginResult.udpPacketCodec,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -127,8 +128,9 @@ func (d *controlSessionDialer) buildLoginMsg(previousRunID string) (*msg.Login,
 }
 
 type loginExchangeResult struct {
-	resp   *msg.LoginResp
-	crypto *wire.CryptoContext
+	resp           *msg.LoginResp
+	crypto         *wire.CryptoContext
+	udpPacketCodec string
 }
 
 func (d *controlSessionDialer) exchangeLogin(conn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login) (*loginExchangeResult, error) {
@@ -172,6 +174,7 @@ func (d *controlSessionDialer) exchangeLogin(conn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login)
 	}()
 
 	var cryptoContext *wire.CryptoContext
+	var udpPacketCodec string
 	if wireConn != nil {
 		serverHelloFrame, err := wireConn.ReadFrame()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -191,6 +194,7 @@ func (d *controlSessionDialer) exchangeLogin(conn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		udpPacketCodec = serverHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec
 	}
 
 	var loginRespMsg msg.LoginResp
@@ -198,8 +202,9 @@ func (d *controlSessionDialer) exchangeLogin(conn net.Conn, loginMsg *msg.Login)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &loginExchangeResult{
-		resp:   &loginRespMsg,
-		crypto: cryptoContext,
+		resp:           &loginRespMsg,
+		crypto:         cryptoContext,
+		udpPacketCodec: udpPacketCodec,
 	}, nil
 }
 

client/control_session_test.go

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ func TestControlSessionDialerDialV1(t *testing.T) {
 	defer sessionCtx.Connector.Close()
 
 	require.Equal(t, "run-v1", sessionCtx.RunID)
+	require.Empty(t, sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec)
 	require.NotNil(t, sessionCtx.Conn)
 	require.NotNil(t, sessionCtx.Connector)
 	require.False(t, connector.closed.Load())
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ func TestControlSessionDialerDialV2(t *testing.T) {
 	defer sessionCtx.Connector.Close()
 
 	require.Equal(t, "run-v2", sessionCtx.RunID)
+	require.Equal(t, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary, sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec)
 	require.NotNil(t, sessionCtx.Conn)
 	require.NotNil(t, sessionCtx.Connector)
 	require.False(t, connector.closed.Load())

client/control_udp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !frps
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	clientproxy "github.com/fatedier/frp/client/proxy"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/auth"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+)
+
+func TestControlPropagatesBinaryUDPPacketCodecToWorkConn(t *testing.T) {
+	echoConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = echoConn.Close() })
+
+	echoDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, 64)
+		n, addr, err := echoConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
+		if err == nil {
+			_, err = echoConn.WriteToUDP(buf[:n], addr)
+		}
+		echoDone <- err
+	}()
+
+	authRuntime, err := auth.BuildClientAuth(&v1.AuthClientConfig{
+		Method: v1.AuthMethodToken,
+		Token:  "token",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	controlConn, controlPeer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = controlConn.Close()
+		_ = controlPeer.Close()
+	})
+	common := &v1.ClientCommonConfig{
+		Transport:     v1.ClientTransportConfig{WireProtocol: wire.ProtocolV2},
+		UDPPacketSize: 1500,
+	}
+	ctl, err := NewControl(context.Background(), &SessionContext{
+		Common:         common,
+		RunID:          "binary-udp-test",
+		Conn:           msg.NewConn(controlConn, msg.NewV2ReadWriter(controlConn)),
+		Auth:           authRuntime,
+		UDPPacketCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(ctl.pm.Close)
+
+	echoAddr := echoConn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+	proxyCfg := &v1.UDPProxyConfig{
+		ProxyBaseConfig: v1.ProxyBaseConfig{
+			Name: "udp",
+			Type: string(v1.ProxyTypeUDP),
+			ProxyBackend: v1.ProxyBackend{
+				LocalIP:   "127.0.0.1",
+				LocalPort: echoAddr.Port,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ctl.pm.UpdateAll([]v1.ProxyConfigurer{proxyCfg})
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		status, ok := ctl.pm.GetProxyStatus("udp")
+		return ok && status.Phase == clientproxy.ProxyPhaseWaitStart
+	}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond)
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.pm.StartProxy("udp", "", ""))
+
+	workClient, workServer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = workClient.Close()
+		_ = workServer.Close()
+	})
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, workClient.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, workServer.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	ctl.pm.HandleWorkConn("udp", workClient, &msg.StartWorkConn{ProxyName: "udp"})
+
+	serverRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(workServer, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	writeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	in := &msg.UDPPacket{
+		Content:    []byte("binary udp"),
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345},
+	}
+	go func() {
+		writeDone <- serverRW.WriteMsg(in)
+	}()
+
+	frame, err := wire.NewConn(workServer).ReadFrame()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, wire.FrameTypeMessage, frame.Type)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(frame.Payload), 2)
+	require.Equal(t, msg.V2TypeUDPPacketBinary, binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]))
+	out, err := msg.DecodeUDPPacketBinary(frame.Payload[2:])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, in.Content, out.Content)
+	require.Equal(t, in.RemoteAddr.String(), out.RemoteAddr.String())
+	require.NoError(t, <-writeDone)
+	require.NoError(t, <-echoDone)
+}

client/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -63,6 +61,7 @@ func NewProxy(
 	encryptionKey []byte,
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter,
 	vnetController *vnet.Controller,
+	udpPacketCodec string,
 ) (pxy Proxy) {
 	var limiter *rate.Limiter
 	limitBytes := pxyConf.GetBaseConfig().Transport.BandwidthLimit.Bytes()
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ func NewProxy(
 
 	baseProxy := BaseProxy{
 		baseCfg:        pxyConf.GetBaseConfig(),
-		configurer:     pxyConf,
 		clientCfg:      clientCfg,
 		encryptionKey:  encryptionKey,
 		limiter:        limiter,
@@ -80,6 +78,7 @@ func NewProxy(
 		vnetController: vnetController,
 		xl:             xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
 		ctx:            ctx,
+		udpPacketCodec: udpPacketCodec,
 	}
 
 	factory := proxyFactoryRegistry[reflect.TypeOf(pxyConf)]
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ func NewProxy(
 
 type BaseProxy struct {
 	baseCfg        *v1.ProxyBaseConfig
-	configurer     v1.ProxyConfigurer
 	clientCfg      *v1.ClientCommonConfig
 	encryptionKey  []byte
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter
@@ -102,16 +100,16 @@ type BaseProxy struct {
 	proxyPlugin        plugin.Plugin
 	inWorkConnCallback func(*v1.ProxyBaseConfig, net.Conn, *msg.StartWorkConn) /* continue */ bool
 
-	mu  sync.RWMutex
-	xl  *xlog.Logger
-	ctx context.Context
+	mu             sync.RWMutex
+	xl             *xlog.Logger
+	ctx            context.Context
+	udpPacketCodec string
 }
 
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) Run() error {
 	if pxy.baseCfg.Plugin.Type != "" {
 		p, err := plugin.Create(pxy.baseCfg.Plugin.Type, plugin.PluginContext{
 			Name:           pxy.baseCfg.Name,
-			HostAllowList:  pxy.getPluginHostAllowList(),
 			VnetController: pxy.vnetController,
 		}, pxy.baseCfg.Plugin.ClientPluginOptions)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -122,39 +120,6 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) Run() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (pxy *BaseProxy) getPluginHostAllowList() []string {
-	dedupHosts := make([]string, 0)
-	addHost := func(host string) {
-		host = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(host))
-		if host == "" {
-			return
-		}
-		// autocert.HostWhitelist only supports exact host names.
-		if strings.Contains(host, "*") {
-			return
-		}
-		if !slices.Contains(dedupHosts, host) {
-			dedupHosts = append(dedupHosts, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch cfg := pxy.configurer.(type) {
-	case *v1.HTTPProxyConfig:
-		for _, host := range cfg.CustomDomains {
-			addHost(host)
-		}
-	case *v1.HTTPSProxyConfig:
-		for _, host := range cfg.CustomDomains {
-			addHost(host)
-		}
-	case *v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig:
-		for _, host := range cfg.CustomDomains {
-			addHost(host)
-		}
-	}
-	return dedupHosts
-}
-
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) Close() {
 	if pxy.proxyPlugin != nil {
 		pxy.proxyPlugin.Close()

client/proxy/proxy_manager.go

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ type Manager struct {
 	encryptionKey []byte
 	clientCfg     *v1.ClientCommonConfig
 
-	ctx context.Context
+	ctx            context.Context
+	udpPacketCodec string
 }
 
 func NewManager(
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ func NewManager(
 	encryptionKey []byte,
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter,
 	vnetController *vnet.Controller,
+	udpPacketCodec string,
 ) *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
 		proxies:        make(map[string]*Wrapper),
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ func NewManager(
 		encryptionKey:  encryptionKey,
 		clientCfg:      clientCfg,
 		ctx:            ctx,
+		udpPacketCodec: udpPacketCodec,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -159,14 +162,14 @@ func (pm *Manager) UpdateAll(proxyCfgs []v1.ProxyConfigurer) {
 		}
 	}
 	if len(delPxyNames) > 0 {
-		xl.Infof("隧道移除: %s", delPxyNames)
+		xl.Infof("proxy removed: %s", delPxyNames)
 	}
 
 	addPxyNames := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, cfg := range proxyCfgs {
 		name := cfg.GetBaseConfig().Name
 		if _, ok := pm.proxies[name]; !ok {
-			pxy := NewWrapper(pm.ctx, cfg, pm.clientCfg, pm.encryptionKey, pm.HandleEvent, pm.msgTransporter, pm.vnetController)
+			pxy := NewWrapper(pm.ctx, cfg, pm.clientCfg, pm.encryptionKey, pm.HandleEvent, pm.msgTransporter, pm.vnetController, pm.udpPacketCodec)
 			if pm.inWorkConnCallback != nil {
 				pxy.SetInWorkConnCallback(pm.inWorkConnCallback)
 			}
@@ -177,6 +180,6 @@ func (pm *Manager) UpdateAll(proxyCfgs []v1.ProxyConfigurer) {
 		}
 	}
 	if len(addPxyNames) > 0 {
-		xl.Infof("添加隧道: %s", addPxyNames)
+		xl.Infof("proxy added: %s", addPxyNames)
 	}
 }

client/proxy/proxy_wrapper.go

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ func NewWrapper(
 	eventHandler event.Handler,
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter,
 	vnetController *vnet.Controller,
+	udpPacketCodec string,
 ) *Wrapper {
 	baseInfo := cfg.GetBaseConfig()
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx).Spawn().AppendPrefix(baseInfo.Name)
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ func NewWrapper(
 		xl.Tracef("enable health check monitor")
 	}
 
-	pw.pxy = NewProxy(pw.ctx, pw.Cfg, clientCfg, encryptionKey, pw.msgTransporter, pw.vnetController)
+	pw.pxy = NewProxy(pw.ctx, pw.Cfg, clientCfg, encryptionKey, pw.msgTransporter, pw.vnetController, udpPacketCodec)
 	return pw
 }
 

client/proxy/sudp.go

@@ -87,7 +87,13 @@ func (pxy *SUDPProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 	}
 
 	workConn := netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, conn)
-	payloadConn := msg.NewConn(workConn, msg.NewReadWriter(workConn, pxy.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol))
+	payloadRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(workConn, pxy.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol, pxy.udpPacketCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("create SUDP packet read writer: %v", err)
+		_ = workConn.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	payloadConn := msg.NewConn(workConn, payloadRW)
 	readCh := make(chan *msg.UDPPacket, 1024)
 	sendCh := make(chan msg.Message, 1024)
 	isClose := false

client/proxy/udp.go

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func (pxy *UDPProxy) Close() {
 
 func (pxy *UDPProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 	xl := pxy.xl
-	xl.Infof("收到一条新的 UDP 代理工作连接, %s", conn.RemoteAddr().String())
+	xl.Infof("incoming a new work connection for udp proxy, %s", conn.RemoteAddr().String())
 	// close resources related with old workConn
 	pxy.Close()
 
@@ -97,10 +97,17 @@ func (pxy *UDPProxy) InWorkConn(conn net.Conn, _ *msg.StartWorkConn) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	pxy.mu.Lock()
-	pxy.workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, conn)
+	workConn := netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(remote, conn)
 	// Plain UDP payload follows the configured wire protocol for message framing.
-	payloadRW := msg.NewReadWriter(pxy.workConn, pxy.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol)
+	payloadRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(workConn, pxy.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol, pxy.udpPacketCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("create UDP packet read writer: %v", err)
+		workConn.Close()
+		return
+	}
+
+	pxy.mu.Lock()
+	pxy.workConn = workConn
 	pxy.readCh = make(chan *msg.UDPPacket, 1024)
 	pxy.sendCh = make(chan msg.Message, 1024)
 	pxy.closed = false

client/service.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
@@ -109,6 +110,9 @@ func setServiceOptionsDefault(options *ServiceOptions) error {
 // Service is the client service that connects to frps and provides proxy services.
 type Service struct {
 	ctlMu sync.RWMutex
+	// Stores gracefulShutdownDuration independently from ctlMu, because the
+	// graceful shutdown wait may hold ctlMu for an arbitrary duration.
+	gracefulShutdownDuration atomic.Int64
 	// manager control connection with server
 	ctl *Control
 	// Uniq id got from frps, it will be attached to loginMsg.
@@ -149,8 +153,7 @@ type Service struct {
 	// service context
 	ctx context.Context
 	// call cancel to stop service
-	cancel                   context.CancelCauseFunc
-	gracefulShutdownDuration time.Duration
+	cancel context.CancelCauseFunc
 
 	connectorCreator func(context.Context, *v1.ClientCommonConfig) Connector
 	handleWorkConnCb func(*v1.ProxyBaseConfig, net.Conn, *msg.StartWorkConn) bool
@@ -260,7 +263,7 @@ func (svr *Service) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 		cancelCause := cancelErr{}
 		_ = errors.As(context.Cause(svr.ctx), &cancelCause)
 		svr.stop()
-		return fmt.Errorf("登录服务器失败: %v. 启用 loginFailExit 后，将不再尝试重试", cancelCause.Err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("login to the server failed: %v. With loginFailExit enabled, no additional retries will be attempted", cancelCause.Err)
 	}
 
 	go svr.keepControllerWorking()
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ func (svr *Service) loopLoginUntilSuccess(maxInterval time.Duration, firstLoginE
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(svr.ctx)
 
 	loginFunc := func() (bool, error) {
-		xl.Infof("尝试连接到服务器...")
+		xl.Infof("try to connect to server...")
 		dialer := &controlSessionDialer{
 			ctx:              svr.ctx,
 			common:           svr.common,
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ func (svr *Service) loopLoginUntilSuccess(maxInterval time.Duration, firstLoginE
 		}
 		sessionCtx, err := dialer.Dial(svr.runID)
 		if err != nil {
-			xl.Warnf("连接服务器错误: %v", err)
+			xl.Warnf("connect to server error: %v", err)
 			if firstLoginExit {
 				svr.cancel(cancelErr{Err: err})
 			}
@@ -412,7 +415,7 @@ func (svr *Service) Close() {
 }
 
 func (svr *Service) GracefulClose(d time.Duration) {
-	svr.gracefulShutdownDuration = d
+	svr.gracefulShutdownDuration.Store(int64(d))
 	svr.cancel(nil)
 }
 
@@ -429,7 +432,8 @@ func (svr *Service) stop() {
 	svr.ctlMu.Lock()
 	defer svr.ctlMu.Unlock()
 	if svr.ctl != nil {
-		svr.ctl.GracefulClose(svr.gracefulShutdownDuration)
+		d := time.Duration(svr.gracefulShutdownDuration.Load())
+		svr.ctl.GracefulClose(d)
 		svr.ctl = nil
 	}
 	if svr.webServer != nil {

client/service_shutdown_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/client/proxy"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/client/visitor"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+)
+
+type gracefulCloseTestConnector struct {
+	conn net.Conn
+}
+
+func (*gracefulCloseTestConnector) Connect() (*msg.Conn, error) { return nil, net.ErrClosed }
+func (c *gracefulCloseTestConnector) Close() error              { return c.conn.Close() }
+
+func newGracefulCloseTestService() *Service {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	common := &v1.ClientCommonConfig{}
+	serverConn, clientConn := net.Pipe()
+	ctl := &Control{
+		ctx: ctx,
+		sessionCtx: &SessionContext{
+			Common:    common,
+			RunID:     "graceful-close-race",
+			Conn:      msg.NewConn(clientConn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(clientConn)),
+			Connector: &gracefulCloseTestConnector{conn: serverConn},
+		},
+		doneCh: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	ctl.pm = proxy.NewManager(ctx, common, nil, nil, nil, "")
+	ctl.vm = visitor.NewManager(ctx, "graceful-close-race", common, nil, nil, nil, "")
+	return &Service{ctl: ctl, cancel: context.CancelCauseFunc(func(error) {})}
+}
+
+func TestGracefulCloseAndStopSynchronizeDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	for i := range 10000 {
+		svr := newGracefulCloseTestService()
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		wg.Add(2)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			<-start
+			svr.GracefulClose(time.Duration(i))
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			<-start
+			svr.stop()
+		}()
+		close(start)
+		wg.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGracefulCloseDoesNotBlockDuringStop(t *testing.T) {
+	const gracefulDuration = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+	svr := newGracefulCloseTestService()
+	svr.GracefulClose(gracefulDuration)
+	stopDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		svr.stop()
+		close(stopDone)
+	}()
+	defer func() {
+		select {
+		case <-stopDone:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Error("stop did not finish")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
+	for svr.ctlMu.TryLock() {
+		svr.ctlMu.Unlock()
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			t.Fatal("stop did not acquire ctlMu")
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	svr.GracefulClose(0)
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed >= gracefulDuration/2 {
+		t.Fatalf("GracefulClose blocked for %v while stop was waiting", elapsed)
+	}
+}

client/visitor/sudp.go

@@ -113,7 +113,13 @@ func (sv *SUDPVisitor) dispatcher() {
 func (sv *SUDPVisitor) worker(workConn net.Conn, firstPacket *msg.UDPPacket) {
 	xl := xlog.FromContextSafe(sv.ctx)
 	xl.Debugf("starting sudp proxy worker")
-	payloadConn := msg.NewConn(workConn, msg.NewReadWriter(workConn, sv.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol))
+	payloadRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(workConn, sv.clientCfg.Transport.WireProtocol, udpPacketCodecFromHelper(sv.helper))
+	if err != nil {
+		xl.Errorf("create SUDP packet read writer: %v", err)
+		_ = workConn.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	payloadConn := msg.NewConn(workConn, payloadRW)
 
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(2)

client/visitor/visitor.go

@@ -50,6 +50,17 @@ type Helper interface {
 	RunID() string
 }
 
+type udpPacketCodecProvider interface {
+	UDPPacketCodec() string
+}
+
+func udpPacketCodecFromHelper(helper Helper) string {
+	if provider, ok := helper.(udpPacketCodecProvider); ok {
+		return provider.UDPPacketCodec()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // Visitor is used for forward traffics from local port tot remote service.
 type Visitor interface {
 	Run() error

client/visitor/visitor_manager.go

@@ -53,7 +53,12 @@ func NewManager(
 	connectServer func() (*msg.Conn, error),
 	msgTransporter transport.MessageTransporter,
 	vnetController *vnet.Controller,
+	udpPacketCodecs ...string,
 ) *Manager {
+	udpPacketCodec := ""
+	if len(udpPacketCodecs) > 0 {
+		udpPacketCodec = udpPacketCodecs[0]
+	}
 	m := &Manager{
 		clientCfg:     clientCfg,
 		cfgs:          make(map[string]v1.VisitorConfigurer),
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ func NewManager(
 		vnetController:  vnetController,
 		transferConnFn:  m.TransferConn,
 		runID:           runID,
+		udpPacketCodec:  udpPacketCodec,
 	}
 	return m
 }
@@ -205,6 +211,7 @@ type visitorHelperImpl struct {
 	vnetController  *vnet.Controller
 	transferConnFn  func(name string, conn net.Conn) error
 	runID           string
+	udpPacketCodec  string
 }
 
 func (v *visitorHelperImpl) ConnectServer() (*msg.Conn, error) {
@@ -226,3 +233,7 @@ func (v *visitorHelperImpl) VNetController() *vnet.Controller {
 func (v *visitorHelperImpl) RunID() string {
 	return v.runID
 }
+
+func (v *visitorHelperImpl) UDPPacketCodec() string {
+	return v.udpPacketCodec
+}

cmd/frpc/sub/admin.go

@@ -54,11 +54,7 @@ func NewAdminCommand(name, short string, handler func(*v1.ClientCommonConfig) er
 		Use:   name,
 		Short: short,
 		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-			if len(cfgFiles) == 0 || cfgFiles[0] == "" {
-				fmt.Println("frpc: the configuration file is not specified")
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			cfg, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFiles[0], strictConfigMode)
+			cfg, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFile, strictConfigMode)
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Println(err)
 				os.Exit(1)

cmd/frpc/sub/nathole.go

@@ -48,19 +48,8 @@ var natholeDiscoveryCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Discover nathole information from stun server",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		// ignore error here, because we can use command line parameters
-		var cfg *v1.ClientCommonConfig
-		if len(cfgFiles) > 0 && cfgFiles[0] != "" {
-			loaded, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFiles[0], strictConfigMode)
-			if err != nil {
-				cfg = &v1.ClientCommonConfig{}
-				if err := cfg.Complete(); err != nil {
-					fmt.Printf("failed to complete config: %v\n", err)
-					os.Exit(1)
-				}
-			} else {
-				cfg = loaded
-			}
-		} else {
+		cfg, _, _, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFile, strictConfigMode)
+		if err != nil {
 			cfg = &v1.ClientCommonConfig{}
 			if err := cfg.Complete(); err != nil {
 				fmt.Printf("failed to complete config: %v\n", err)

cmd/frpc/sub/proxy.go

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func NewProxyCommand(name string, c v1.ProxyConfigurer, clientCfg *v1.ClientComm
 				fmt.Println(err)
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
-			err := startService(clientCfg, []v1.ProxyConfigurer{proxyCfg}, nil, unsafeFeatures, "", "", "")
+			err := startService(clientCfg, []v1.ProxyConfigurer{proxyCfg}, nil, unsafeFeatures, "")
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Println(err)
 				os.Exit(1)
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func NewVisitorCommand(name string, c v1.VisitorConfigurer, clientCfg *v1.Client
 				fmt.Println(err)
 				os.Exit(1)
 			}
-			err := startService(clientCfg, nil, []v1.VisitorConfigurer{visitorCfg}, unsafeFeatures, "", "", "")
+			err := startService(clientCfg, nil, []v1.VisitorConfigurer{visitorCfg}, unsafeFeatures, "")
 			if err != nil {
 				fmt.Println(err)
 				os.Exit(1)
@@ -141,13 +141,11 @@ func startService(
 	visitorCfgs []v1.VisitorConfigurer,
 	unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures,
 	cfgFile string,
-	nodeName string,
-	tunnelRemark string,
 ) error {
 	configSource := source.NewConfigSource()
 	if err := configSource.ReplaceAll(proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set config source: %w", err)
 	}
 	aggregator := source.NewAggregator(configSource)
-	return startServiceWithAggregator(cfg, aggregator, unsafeFeatures, cfgFile, nodeName, tunnelRemark)
+	return startServiceWithAggregator(cfg, aggregator, unsafeFeatures, cfgFile)
 }

cmd/frpc/sub/root.go

@@ -16,11 +16,8 @@ package sub
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -38,28 +35,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1/validation"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/policy/featuregate"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/policy/security"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/banner"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/log"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/version"
 )
 
 var (
-	cfgFiles         []string
+	cfgFile          string
 	cfgDir           string
 	showVersion      bool
 	strictConfigMode bool
 	allowUnsafe      []string
-	authTokens       []string
-
-	bannerDisplayed bool
 )
 
 func init() {
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVarP(&cfgFiles, "config", "c", []string{"./frpc.ini"}, "config files of frpc (support multiple files)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cfgFile, "config", "c", "./frpc.ini", "config file of frpc")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cfgDir, "config_dir", "", "", "config directory, run one frpc service for each file in config directory")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&showVersion, "version", "v", false, "version of frpc")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&strictConfigMode, "strict_config", "", true, "strict config parsing mode, unknown fields will cause an errors")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVarP(&authTokens, "token", "t", []string{}, "authentication tokens in format 'id:token' (LoliaFRP only)")
+
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVarP(&allowUnsafe, "allow-unsafe", "", []string{},
 		fmt.Sprintf("allowed unsafe features, one or more of: %s", strings.Join(security.ClientUnsafeFeatures, ", ")))
 }
@@ -75,30 +68,15 @@ var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		unsafeFeatures := security.NewUnsafeFeatures(allowUnsafe)
 
-		// If authTokens is provided, fetch config from API
-		if len(authTokens) > 0 {
-			err := runClientWithTokens(authTokens, unsafeFeatures)
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Println(err)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
-
 		// If cfgDir is not empty, run multiple frpc service for each config file in cfgDir.
+		// Note that it's only designed for testing. It's not guaranteed to be stable.
 		if cfgDir != "" {
 			_ = runMultipleClients(cfgDir, unsafeFeatures)
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		// If multiple config files are specified, run one frpc service for each file
-		if len(cfgFiles) > 1 {
-			runMultipleClientsFromFiles(cfgFiles, unsafeFeatures)
-			return nil
-		}
-
 		// Do not show command usage here.
-		err := runClient(cfgFiles[0], unsafeFeatures)
+		err := runClient(cfgFile, unsafeFeatures)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Println(err)
 			os.Exit(1)
@@ -128,29 +106,6 @@ func runMultipleClients(cfgDir string, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures)
 	return err
 }
 
-func runMultipleClientsFromFiles(cfgFiles []string, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// Display banner first
-	banner.DisplayBanner()
-	bannerDisplayed = true
-	log.Infof("检测到 %d 个配置文件，将启动多个 frpc 服务实例", len(cfgFiles))
-
-	for _, cfgFile := range cfgFiles {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		// Add a small delay to avoid log output mixing
-		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-		go func(path string) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			err := runClient(path, unsafeFeatures)
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("\n配置文件 [%s] 启动失败: %v\n", path, err)
-			}
-		}(cfgFile)
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
 func Execute() {
 	rootCmd.SetGlobalNormalizationFunc(config.WordSepNormalizeFunc)
 	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
@@ -231,7 +186,7 @@ func runClientWithAggregator(result *config.ClientConfigLoadResult, unsafeFeatur
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return startServiceWithAggregator(result.Common, aggregator, unsafeFeatures, cfgFilePath, "", "")
+	return startServiceWithAggregator(result.Common, aggregator, unsafeFeatures, cfgFilePath)
 }
 
 func startServiceWithAggregator(
@@ -239,25 +194,12 @@ func startServiceWithAggregator(
 	aggregator *source.Aggregator,
 	unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures,
 	cfgFile string,
-	nodeName string,
-	tunnelRemark string,
 ) error {
 	log.InitLogger(cfg.Log.To, cfg.Log.Level, int(cfg.Log.MaxDays), cfg.Log.DisablePrintColor)
 
-	// Display banner only once before starting the first service
-	if !bannerDisplayed {
-		banner.DisplayBanner()
-		bannerDisplayed = true
-	}
-
-	// Display node information if available
-	if nodeName != "" {
-		log.Info("已获取到配置文件", "隧道名称", tunnelRemark, "使用节点", nodeName)
-	}
-
 	if cfgFile != "" {
-		log.Infof("启动 frpc 服务 [%s]", cfgFile)
-		defer log.Infof("frpc 服务 [%s] 已停止", cfgFile)
+		log.Infof("start frpc service for config file [%s] with aggregated configuration", cfgFile)
+		defer log.Infof("frpc service for config file [%s] stopped", cfgFile)
 	}
 	svr, err := client.NewService(client.ServiceOptions{
 		Common:                 cfg,
@@ -275,189 +217,3 @@ func startServiceWithAggregator(
 	}
 	return svr.Run(context.Background())
 }
-
-// APIResponse represents the response from LoliaFRP API
-type APIResponse struct {
-	Code int    `json:"code"`
-	Msg  string `json:"msg"`
-	Data struct {
-		Config       string `json:"config"`
-		NodeName     string `json:"node_name"`
-		TunnelRemark string `json:"tunnel_remark"`
-	} `json:"data"`
-}
-
-// TokenInfo stores parsed id and token from the -t parameter
-type TokenInfo struct {
-	ID    string
-	Token string
-}
-
-func runClientWithTokens(tokens []string, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures) error {
-	// Parse all tokens (format: id:token)
-	tokenInfos := make([]TokenInfo, 0, len(tokens))
-	for _, t := range tokens {
-		parts := strings.SplitN(t, ":", 2)
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid token format '%s', expected 'id:token'", t)
-		}
-		tokenInfos = append(tokenInfos, TokenInfo{
-			ID:    strings.TrimSpace(parts[0]),
-			Token: strings.TrimSpace(parts[1]),
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Group tokens by token value (same token can have multiple IDs)
-	tokenToIDs := make(map[string][]string)
-	for _, ti := range tokenInfos {
-		tokenToIDs[ti.Token] = append(tokenToIDs[ti.Token], ti.ID)
-	}
-
-	// If we have multiple different tokens, start one service for each token group
-	if len(tokenToIDs) > 1 {
-		return runMultipleClientsWithTokens(tokenToIDs, unsafeFeatures)
-	}
-
-	// Get the single token and all its IDs
-	var token string
-	var ids []string
-	for t, idList := range tokenToIDs {
-		token = t
-		ids = idList
-		break
-	}
-
-	return runClientWithTokenAndIDs(token, ids, unsafeFeatures)
-}
-
-func runClientWithTokenAndIDs(token string, ids []string, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures) error {
-	// Get API server address from environment variable
-	apiServer := os.Getenv("LOLIA_API")
-	if apiServer == "" {
-		apiServer = "https://api.lolia.link"
-	}
-
-	// Build URL with query parameters
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/api/v1/tunnel/frpc/config?token=%s&id=%s", apiServer, token, strings.Join(ids, ","))
-	// URL is constructed from trusted source (environment variable or hardcoded)
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create API request: %v", err)
-	}
-	// Carry client version in User-Agent so the API knows which frpc version is requesting
-	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", version.Full())
-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch config from API: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return fmt.Errorf("API returned status code: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	var apiResp APIResponse
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&apiResp); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode API response: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if apiResp.Code != 200 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("API error: %s", apiResp.Msg)
-	}
-
-	// Decode base64 config
-	configBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(apiResp.Data.Config)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode base64 config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Load config directly from bytes
-	return runClientWithConfig(configBytes, unsafeFeatures, apiResp.Data.NodeName, apiResp.Data.TunnelRemark)
-}
-
-func runMultipleClientsWithTokens(tokenToIDs map[string][]string, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures) error {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// Display banner first
-	banner.DisplayBanner()
-	bannerDisplayed = true
-	log.Infof("检测到 %d 个不同的 token，将并行启动多个 frpc 服务实例", len(tokenToIDs))
-
-	index := 0
-	for token, ids := range tokenToIDs {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		currentIndex := index
-		currentToken := token
-		currentIDs := ids
-		totalCount := len(tokenToIDs)
-
-		// Add a small delay to avoid log output mixing
-		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			maskedToken := currentToken
-			if len(maskedToken) > 6 {
-				maskedToken = maskedToken[:3] + "***" + maskedToken[len(maskedToken)-3:]
-			} else {
-				maskedToken = "***"
-			}
-			log.Infof("[%d/%d] 启动 token: %s (IDs: %v)", currentIndex+1, totalCount, maskedToken, currentIDs)
-			err := runClientWithTokenAndIDs(currentToken, currentIDs, unsafeFeatures)
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Printf("\nToken [%s] 启动失败: %v\n", maskedToken, err)
-			}
-		}()
-		index++
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func runClientWithConfig(configBytes []byte, unsafeFeatures *security.UnsafeFeatures, nodeName, tunnelRemark string) error {
-	// Render template first
-	renderedBytes, err := config.RenderWithTemplate(configBytes, config.GetValues())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to render template: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var allCfg v1.ClientConfig
-	if err := config.LoadConfigure(renderedBytes, &allCfg, strictConfigMode); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	cfg := &allCfg.ClientCommonConfig
-	proxyCfgs := make([]v1.ProxyConfigurer, 0, len(allCfg.Proxies))
-	for _, c := range allCfg.Proxies {
-		proxyCfgs = append(proxyCfgs, c.ProxyConfigurer)
-	}
-	visitorCfgs := make([]v1.VisitorConfigurer, 0, len(allCfg.Visitors))
-	for _, c := range allCfg.Visitors {
-		visitorCfgs = append(visitorCfgs, c.VisitorConfigurer)
-	}
-
-	// Call Complete to fill in default values
-	if err := cfg.Complete(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to complete config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs = config.FilterClientConfigurers(cfg, proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs)
-	proxyCfgs = config.CompleteProxyConfigurers(proxyCfgs)
-	visitorCfgs = config.CompleteVisitorConfigurers(visitorCfgs)
-
-	if len(cfg.FeatureGates) > 0 {
-		if err := featuregate.SetFromMap(cfg.FeatureGates); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	warning, err := validation.ValidateAllClientConfig(cfg, proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs, unsafeFeatures)
-	if warning != nil {
-		fmt.Printf("WARNING: %v\n", warning)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return startService(cfg, proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs, unsafeFeatures, "", nodeName, tunnelRemark)
-}

cmd/frpc/sub/verify.go

@@ -33,12 +33,11 @@ var verifyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "verify",
 	Short: "Verify that the configures is valid",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if len(cfgFiles) == 0 || cfgFiles[0] == "" {
+		if cfgFile == "" {
 			fmt.Println("frpc: the configuration file is not specified")
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		cfgFile := cfgFiles[0]
 		cliCfg, proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs, _, err := config.LoadClientConfig(cfgFile, strictConfigMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Println(err)

conf/frpc_full_example.toml

@@ -336,14 +336,6 @@ type = "https2http"
 localAddr = "127.0.0.1:80"
 crtPath = "./server.crt"
 keyPath = "./server.key"
-# autoTLS can replace crtPath/keyPath and automatically apply/renew certificates.
-# [proxies.plugin.autoTLS]
-# enable = true
-# email = "admin@example.com"
-# cacheDir = "./.autotls-cache"
-# hostAllowList is optional. If omitted, frpc will use customDomains automatically.
-# hostAllowList = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
-# caDirURL = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
 hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
 requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"
 
@@ -356,14 +348,6 @@ type = "https2https"
 localAddr = "127.0.0.1:443"
 crtPath = "./server.crt"
 keyPath = "./server.key"
-# autoTLS can replace crtPath/keyPath and automatically apply/renew certificates.
-# [proxies.plugin.autoTLS]
-# enable = true
-# email = "admin@example.com"
-# cacheDir = "./.autotls-cache"
-# hostAllowList is optional. If omitted, frpc will use customDomains automatically.
-# hostAllowList = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
-# caDirURL = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
 hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
 requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"
 
@@ -377,15 +361,6 @@ localAddr = "127.0.0.1:443"
 hostHeaderRewrite = "127.0.0.1"
 requestHeaders.set.x-from-where = "frp"
 
-[[proxies]]
-name = "plugin_http2https_redirect"
-type = "http"
-customDomains = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
-[proxies.plugin]
-type = "http2https_redirect"
-# Optional. Defaults to 443. Set this if the HTTPS entry is exposed on a non-standard port.
-# httpsPort = 443
-
 [[proxies]]
 name = "plugin_http2http"
 type = "tcp"
@@ -405,14 +380,6 @@ type = "tls2raw"
 localAddr = "127.0.0.1:80"
 crtPath = "./server.crt"
 keyPath = "./server.key"
-# autoTLS can replace crtPath/keyPath and automatically apply/renew certificates.
-# [proxies.plugin.autoTLS]
-# enable = true
-# email = "admin@example.com"
-# cacheDir = "./.autotls-cache"
-# hostAllowList is optional. If omitted, frpc will use customDomains automatically.
-# hostAllowList = ["test.yourdomain.com"]
-# caDirURL = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
 
 [[proxies]]
 name = "secret_tcp"

go.mod

@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@ go 1.25.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5
-	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
-	github.com/charmbracelet/log v0.4.2
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.14.1
-	github.com/fatedier/golib v0.7.0
+	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0
+	github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.1
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
@@ -15,10 +13,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4
 	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0
-	github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0
 	github.com/rodaine/table v1.2.0
 	github.com/samber/lo v1.47.0
 	github.com/songgao/water v0.0.0-20200317203138-2b4b6d7c09d8
@@ -28,11 +25,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.17.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0
 	github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.56.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.10.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
@@ -43,16 +40,10 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd // indirect
-	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
@@ -61,32 +52,20 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon v1.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
-	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/templexxx/cpu v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/templexxx/xorsimd v0.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tjfoc/gmsm v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231006140011-7918f672742d // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
@@ -97,5 +76,3 @@ require (
 
 // TODO(fatedier): Temporary use the modified version, update to the official version after merging into the official repository.
 replace github.com/hashicorp/yamux => github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6
-
-replace github.com/fatedier/golib => github.com/Lolia-FRP/golib v0.7.4

go.sum

@@ -2,33 +2,17 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMT
 github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 h1:DjFo6YtWzNqNvQdrwEyr/e4nhU3vRiwenz5QX7sFz+A=
 github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0/go.mod h1:NYqdhxd/8aAct/s4qSYZEerdPuH1liG2/X9DiVTbhpk=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/Lolia-FRP/golib v0.7.4 h1:EtUJChdgXVV9iU1xqB7PkD/1/3RgATbj3n86HbrLKMA=
-github.com/Lolia-FRP/golib v0.7.4/go.mod h1:ArUGvPg2cOw/py2RAuBt46nNZH2VQ5Z70p109MAZpJw=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5 h1:0CwZNZbxp69SHPdPJAN/hZIm0C4OItdklCFmMRWYpio=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
-github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 h1:HwpRHbFMcZLEVr42D4p7XBqjyuxQH5SMiErDT4WkJ2k=
-github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:uYgXzlJ7ZpABp8OJ+exZzJJhRNQ2ASbcXHWsFqH8hp8=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc h1:4pZI35227imm7yK2bGPcfpFEmuY1gc2YSTShr4iJBfs=
-github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.2.3-0.20250311203215-f60798e515dc/go.mod h1:X4/0JoqgTIPSFcRA/P6INZzIuyqdFY5rm8tb41s9okk=
-github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0 h1:vYXsiLHVkK7fp74RkV7b2kq9+zDLoEU4MZoFqR/noCY=
-github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0/go.mod h1:/6Q8FR2o+kj8rz4Dq0zQc3vYf7X+B0binUUBwA0aL30=
-github.com/charmbracelet/log v0.4.2 h1:hYt8Qj6a8yLnvR+h7MwsJv/XvmBJXiueUcI3cIxsyig=
-github.com/charmbracelet/log v0.4.2/go.mod h1:qifHGX/tc7eluv2R6pWIpyHDDrrb/AG71Pf2ysQu5nw=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.8.0 h1:9GTq3xq9caJW8ZrBTe0LIe2fvfLR/bYXKTx2llXn7xE=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.8.0/go.mod h1:wdYl/ONOLHLIVmQaxbIYEC/cRKOQyjTkowiI4blgS9Q=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd h1:vy0GVL4jeHEwG5YOXDmi86oYw2yuYUGqz6a8sLwg0X8=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.13-0.20250311204145-2c3ea96c31dd/go.mod h1:xe0nKWGd3eJgtqZRaN9RjMtK7xUYchjzPr7q6kcvCCs=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1 h1:AQeHeLZ1OqSXhrAWpYUtZyX1T3zVxfpZuEQMIQaGIAQ=
-github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.1/go.mod h1:oQ4enTYFV7QN4m0i9mzHrViD7TQKvNEEkHUMCmsxdUg=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.14.1 h1:9ePWwfdwC4QKRlCXsJGou56adA/owXczOzwKdOumLqk=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.14.1/go.mod h1:HaZ3szPaZ0e4r6ebqvsLWlk2Tn+aejfmrfah6hnSYEU=
+github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0 h1:V9orjXynvu5wiC9SemFTWnG4F45v403aIcjWo0d41+A=
+github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0/go.mod h1:DYCf24+ncYi+XkIH97GY1+dqoRlbaSI26KVTCI9SrY4=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
@@ -36,12 +20,12 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.4/go.mod h1:6rpuAdCZL397s3pYoYcLgu1mIlRU8Am5FuJP05cCM98=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
+github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.1 h1:pHcIu0zAcZ6VTkO1dW/meelCGN5nem52DKCBY7cUvyA=
+github.com/fatedier/golib v0.8.1/go.mod h1:ArUGvPg2cOw/py2RAuBt46nNZH2VQ5Z70p109MAZpJw=
 github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6 h1:u92UUy6FURPmNsMBUuongRWC0rBqN6gd01Dzu+D21NE=
 github.com/fatedier/yamux v0.0.0-20250825093530-d0154be01cd6/go.mod h1:c5/tk6G0dSpXGzJN7Wk1OEie8grdSJAmeawId9Zvd34=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5 h1:M6T8+mKZl/+fNNuFHvGIzDz7BTLQPIounk/b9dw3AaE=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.0.5/go.mod h1:s3P1lRrkT8igV8D9OjyL4WRyHvjB6a4JSllnOrmmBOA=
-github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 h1:wGYYu3uicYdqXVgoYbvnkrPVXkuLM1p1ifugDMEdRi4=
-github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0/go.mod h1:WYhtIu8zTZfxdn5+rREduYbwxfcBr/Vr6KEVveWlfTs=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 h1:moDMcTHmvE6Groj34emNPLs/qtYXRVcd6S7NHbHz3kA=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 h1:6pFjapn8bFcIbiKo3XT4j/BhANplGihG6tvd+8rYgrY=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-task/slim-sprig/v3 v3.0.0 h1:sUs3vkvUymDpBKi3qH1YSqBQk9+9D/8M2mN1vB6EwHI=
@@ -86,29 +70,14 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 h1:1nnpGOrhyZZuNyfu1QjKiUICQ74+3FNCN69Aj6K7nkY=
-github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4dSotOR9KMtayYi1e77YzuveK+i7ruzyGqttikkLy0=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
-github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 h1:UNAjwbU9l54TA3KzvqLGxwWjHmMgBUVhBiTjelZgg3U=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 h1:E5ScNMtiwvlvB5paMFdw9p4kSQzbXFikJ5SQO6TULQc=
-github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
-github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 h1:S5AlUN9dENB57rsbnkPyfdGuWIlkmzJjbFf0Tf5FWUc=
-github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0/go.mod h1:ZRfOIKPFDYQoDFF4Olj7/QJbW60Ol/kL1pU3VfY/Cnk=
 github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4 h1:ktYTpKJAVZnDT4VjxSbiBenUjmlL/5QkBEocaWXiQus=
 github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.23.4/go.mod h1:Bt66ApGPBFzHyR+JO10Zbt0Gsp4uWxu5mIOTusL46e8=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3 h1:hID7cr8t3Wp26+cYnfcjR6HpJ00fdogN6dqZ1t6IylU=
 github.com/onsi/gomega v1.36.3/go.mod h1:8D9+Txp43QWKhM24yyOBEdpkzN8FvJyAwecBgsU4KU0=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0 h1:QLgLl2yMN7N+ruc31VynXs1vhMZa7CeHHejIeBAsoHo=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
-github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10 h1:k9ekkq1kaZoxnNEbyLKI8DI37j/Nbk1HWmMuywpQJgg=
-github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.10/go.mod h1:YEmmBYIoBsY3jmG56dsziTv/Lca9y4Om83370CXfqJ8=
-github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4 h1:tTew+7cmQ+Mc1pTBLKH2puKsOvhm32dROumOZ655zB8=
-github.com/pion/logging v0.2.4/go.mod h1:DffhXTKYdNZU+KtJ5pyQDjvOAh/GsNSyv1lbkFbe3so=
-github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1 h1:CkQxveJ4xGQjulGSROXbXq94TAWu8gIX2dT+ePhUkqw=
-github.com/pion/stun/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:qC1DfmcCTQjl9PBaMa5wSn3x9IPmKxSdcCsxBcDBndM=
-github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1 h1:sdROELU6BZ63Ab7FrOLn13M6YdJLY20wldXW2Cu2k8o=
-github.com/pion/transport/v4 v4.0.1/go.mod h1:nEuEA4AD5lPdcIegQDpVLgNoDGreqM/YqmEx3ovP4jM=
 github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0 h1:IukmRewDQFWC7kfnb66CSomk2q/seBuilHBYFwyq0Hs=
 github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Vz/1JPY/OACxWGQNIRY2BeyDmpoaWmEP40O9LbuiFR4=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
@@ -126,11 +95,12 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0 h1:QO8U2CdOzSn1BBsmXJXduaaW+dY/5QLjfB8svtSz
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.48.0/go.mod h1:0/KsvlIEfPQCQ5I2iNSAWKPZziNCvRs5EC6ILDTlAPc=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0 h1:jluTpSng7V9hY0O2R9DzzJHYb2xULk9VTR1V1R/k6Bo=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.12.0/go.mod h1:pcuDEFsWDnvcgNzo4EEweacyhjeA9Zk3cnaOZAZEfOo=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0 h1:zccPQIqYCXDt5NmcEabyYvOnomjs8Tlwl7tISjJh9Mk=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0/go.mod h1:DR51ilwU1uE164KuWXhinFcKWGlEjzys2l8zUl5Ss1U=
+github.com/quic-go/go-ossfuzz-seeds v0.1.0 h1:APacT+iIaNF6fd8AGEiN3bT/Jtkd2jz4v4TzM7MFjy0=
+github.com/quic-go/go-ossfuzz-seeds v0.1.0/go.mod h1:3IOHRbJIc+L6YKMwfDtJAM9Vj9k0YY4muhuyUYk5tbk=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0 h1:xcQioE8OM66UQLeUMHltK1CCcOu3JbVB4JAQdDQSB+0=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0/go.mod h1:wpKpjmPpftl30sL6pFh7REVpjbcCVy4zt2vDyK1TuJk=
+github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 h1:S1pD9weZBuJdFmowNwbpi7BJ8TNftyUImj/0WQi72jY=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
-github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
-github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
 github.com/rodaine/table v1.2.0 h1:38HEnwK4mKSHQJIkavVj+bst1TEY7j9zhLMWu4QJrMA=
 github.com/rodaine/table v1.2.0/go.mod h1:wejb/q/Yd4T/SVmBSRMr7GCq3KlcZp3gyNYdLSBhkaE=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
@@ -170,10 +140,6 @@ github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0 h1:X7l42GfcV4S6E4vHTsw48qbrV+9PVojNfIhZcwQ
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.0/go.mod h1:i6NetklAujEcC6fK0JPjT8qSwWyO0HLn4UKG+hGqeJs=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 h1:Oeaw1EM2JMxD51g9uhtC0D7erkIjgmj8+JZc26m1YX8=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
-github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 h1:J3VJGi1gvo0JwZ/P1/Yc/8p63SoW98B5dHkYDmpgvvU=
-github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5/go.mod h1:eay5PRQr7fIVAMbTbchTnO9gG65Hg/uYGdc7mguHxoA=
-github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e h1:JVG44RsyaB9T2KIHavMF/ppJZNG9ZpyihvCd0w101no=
-github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e/go.mod h1:RbqR21r5mrJuqunuUZ/Dhy/avygyECGrLceyNeo4LiM=
 github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13 h1:FEjtz9+D4p8t2x4WjciGt/jsIuhlWjjgPCCWjrVR4Hk=
 github.com/xtaci/kcp-go/v5 v5.6.13/go.mod h1:75S1AKYYzNUSXIv30h+jPKJYZUwqpfvLshu63nCNSOM=
 github.com/xtaci/lossyconn v0.0.0-20200209145036-adba10fffc37 h1:EWU6Pktpas0n8lLQwDsRyZfmkPeRbdgPtW609es+/9E=
@@ -185,48 +151,43 @@ go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2/go.mod h1:wLlUxC2vVTPTaE3UD51E0BGOAElKrILxhVSDYQLld5o=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201012173705-84dcc777aaee/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 h1:+Ng2ULVvLHnJ/ZFEq4KdcDd/cfjrrjjNSXNzxg0Y4U4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0/go.mod h1:ErX4dUh2UM+CFYiXZRTcMpEcN8b/1gxEuv3nODoYtCA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231006140011-7918f672742d h1:jtJma62tbqLibJ5sFQz8bKtEM8rJBtfilJ2qTU199MI=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231006140011-7918f672742d/go.mod h1:ldy0pHrwJyGW56pPQzzkH36rKxoZW1tw7ZJpeKx+hdo=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190313153728-d0100b6bd8b3/go.mod h1:6SW0HCj/g11FgYtHlgUYUwCkIfeOF89ocIRzGO/8vkc=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 h1:tHFzIWbBifEmbwtGz65eaWyGiGZatSrT9prnU8DbVL8=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0/go.mod h1:swjeQEj+6r7fODbD2cqrnje9PnziFuw4bmLbBZFrQ5w=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190213061140-3a22650c66bd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201010224723-4f7140c49acb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0 h1:He/TN1l0e4mmR3QqHMT2Xab3Aj3L9qjbhRm78/6jrW0=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0/go.mod h1:R1MAz7uMZxVMualyPXb+VaqGSa3LIaUqk0eEt3w36Sw=
+golang.org/x/net v0.56.0 h1:Rw8j/hFzGvJUZwNBXnAtf5sVDVt+65SK2C7IxCxZt5o=
+golang.org/x/net v0.56.0/go.mod h1:D3Ku6r+V6JROoZK144D2XfMHFcMq/0zSfLelVTCFKec=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0 h1:CrgCKl8PPAVtLnU3c+EDw6x11699EWlsDeWNWKdIOkc=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.28.0/go.mod h1:onh5ek6nERTohokkhCD/y2cV4Do3fxFHFuAejCkRWT8=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 h1:omrd2nAlyT5ESRdCLYdm3+fMfNFE/+Rf4bDIQImRJeo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0 h1:QCgPso/Q3RTJx2Th4bDLqML4W6iJiaXFq2/ftQF13YU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0/go.mod h1:3pfBgksrReYfZ5lvYM0kSO0LIkAl4Yl2bXOkKP7Ec2A=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 h1:JOVx6vVDFokkpaq1AEptVzLTpDe9KGpj5tR4/X+ybL8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0/go.mod h1:khi/HExzZJ2pGnjenulevKNX1W67CUy0AsXcNubPGCA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 h1:Ub2Z6/xjgF1WrYQz2nuITOEegKFtiIy+rieRJ5lHZKs=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0/go.mod h1:hpnzDAfGV753zIKo+wk3u1bVKCGPbrnF7+7LBF/UHVY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0 h1:3usCWA8tQn0L8+hFJQNgzpWbd89begxN66o1Ojdn5L4=
 golang.org/x/time v0.10.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -234,8 +195,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGm
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190524140312-2c0ae7006135/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 h1:uNgphsn75Tdz5Ji2q36v/nsFSfR/9BRFvqhGBaJGd5k=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Ma6lCIwGZvHK6XtgbswSoWroEkhugApmsXyrUmBhfr0=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0 h1:7Kn5x/d1svx/PzryTsqeoZN4TZwqeH5pGWjefhLi/1Q=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.47.0/go.mod h1:dFHnyTvFWY212G+h7ZY4Vsp/K3U4/7W9TyVaAul8uCA=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=

package.sh

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ rm -rf ./release/packages
 mkdir -p ./release/packages
 
 os_all='linux windows darwin freebsd openbsd android'
-arch_all='amd64 arm arm64'
+arch_all='386 amd64 arm arm64 mips64 mips64le mips mipsle riscv64 loong64'
 extra_all='_ hf'
 
 cd ./release

pkg/config/flags.go

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func RegisterClientCommonConfigFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, c *v1.ClientCommonConfi
 		cmd.PersistentFlags().Int64VarP(&c.Log.MaxDays, "log_max_days", "", 3, "log file reversed days")
 		cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&c.Log.DisablePrintColor, "disable_log_color", "", false, "disable log color in console")
 		cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&c.Transport.TLS.ServerName, "tls_server_name", "", "", "specify the custom server name of tls certificate")
-		cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&c.DNSServer, "dns_server", "", "", "specify dns server or DoH url (https://1.1.1.1/dns-query) instead of system default")
+		cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&c.DNSServer, "dns_server", "", "", "specify dns server instead of using system default one")
 		c.Transport.TLS.Enable = cmd.PersistentFlags().BoolP("tls_enable", "", true, "enable frpc tls")
 	}
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&c.User, "user", "u", "", "user")

pkg/config/load.go

@@ -394,6 +394,10 @@ func LoadClientConfigResult(path string, strict bool) (*ClientConfigLoadResult,
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := validateNoDuplicateNames(result.Proxies, result.Visitors); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	return result, nil
 }
 
@@ -417,6 +421,31 @@ func LoadClientConfig(path string, strict bool) (
 	return result.Common, proxyCfgs, visitorCfgs, result.IsLegacyFormat, nil
 }
 
+// validateNoDuplicateNames rejects proxies or visitors that share a name. They are
+// keyed by name in the config sources, so a duplicate would otherwise be silently
+// overwritten and never started, with no error or log.
+func validateNoDuplicateNames(proxies []v1.ProxyConfigurer, visitors []v1.VisitorConfigurer) error {
+	proxyNames := make(map[string]struct{}, len(proxies))
+	for _, p := range proxies {
+		name := p.GetBaseConfig().Name
+		if _, ok := proxyNames[name]; ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proxy name [%s] is duplicated", name)
+		}
+		proxyNames[name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	visitorNames := make(map[string]struct{}, len(visitors))
+	for _, v := range visitors {
+		name := v.GetBaseConfig().Name
+		if _, ok := visitorNames[name]; ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("visitor name [%s] is duplicated", name)
+		}
+		visitorNames[name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func CompleteProxyConfigurers(proxies []v1.ProxyConfigurer) []v1.ProxyConfigurer {
 	proxyCfgs := proxies
 	for _, c := range proxyCfgs {

pkg/config/load_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package config
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -462,6 +464,111 @@ func TestFilterClientConfigurers_FilterByStartAndEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal("keep", proxies[0].GetBaseConfig().Name)
 }
 
+func TestLoadClientConfigResult_DuplicateNames(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		content   string
+		errSubstr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "duplicate proxy names",
+			content: `
+serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+serverPort = 7000
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "dup"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = 22
+remotePort = 6000
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "dup"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = 3306
+remotePort = 6001
+`,
+			errSubstr: "proxy name [dup] is duplicated",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "duplicate visitor names",
+			content: `
+serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+serverPort = 7000
+
+[[visitors]]
+name = "dup"
+type = "stcp"
+serverName = "a"
+secretKey = "secret"
+bindPort = 9001
+
+[[visitors]]
+name = "dup"
+type = "stcp"
+serverName = "b"
+secretKey = "secret"
+bindPort = 9002
+`,
+			errSubstr: "visitor name [dup] is duplicated",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unique names",
+			content: `
+serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+serverPort = 7000
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "p1"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = 22
+remotePort = 6000
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "p2"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = 3306
+remotePort = 6001
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same name across proxy and visitor",
+			content: `
+serverAddr = "127.0.0.1"
+serverPort = 7000
+
+[[proxies]]
+name = "same"
+type = "tcp"
+localPort = 22
+remotePort = 6000
+
+[[visitors]]
+name = "same"
+type = "stcp"
+serverName = "a"
+secretKey = "secret"
+bindPort = 9001
+`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require := require.New(t)
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "frpc.toml")
+			require.NoError(os.WriteFile(path, []byte(tc.content), 0o600))
+
+			_, err := LoadClientConfigResult(path, false)
+			if tc.errSubstr == "" {
+				require.NoError(err)
+			} else {
+				require.ErrorContains(err, tc.errSubstr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // TestYAMLEdgeCases tests edge cases for YAML parsing, including non-map types
 func TestYAMLEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 	require := require.New(t)

pkg/config/v1/client.go

@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ type ClientCommonConfig struct {
 	// STUN server to help penetrate NAT hole.
 	NatHoleSTUNServer string `json:"natHoleStunServer,omitempty"`
 	// DNSServer specifies a DNS server address for FRPC to use. If this value
-	// is "", the default DNS will be used. A DNS-over-HTTPS endpoint is also
-	// supported, e.g. "https://1.1.1.1/dns-query".
+	// is "", the default DNS will be used.
 	DNSServer string `json:"dnsServer,omitempty"`
 	// LoginFailExit controls whether or not the client should exit after a
 	// failed login attempt. If false, the client will retry until a login

pkg/config/v1/proxy_plugin.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package v1
 
 import (
 	"reflect"
-	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/samber/lo"
 
@@ -25,31 +24,29 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPS         = "http2https"
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPSRedirect = "http2https_redirect"
-	PluginHTTPProxy          = "http_proxy"
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTP         = "https2http"
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS        = "https2https"
-	PluginHTTP2HTTP          = "http2http"
-	PluginSocks5             = "socks5"
-	PluginStaticFile         = "static_file"
-	PluginUnixDomainSocket   = "unix_domain_socket"
-	PluginTLS2Raw            = "tls2raw"
-	PluginVirtualNet         = "virtual_net"
+	PluginHTTP2HTTPS       = "http2https"
+	PluginHTTPProxy        = "http_proxy"
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTP       = "https2http"
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS      = "https2https"
+	PluginHTTP2HTTP        = "http2http"
+	PluginSocks5           = "socks5"
+	PluginStaticFile       = "static_file"
+	PluginUnixDomainSocket = "unix_domain_socket"
+	PluginTLS2Raw          = "tls2raw"
+	PluginVirtualNet       = "virtual_net"
 )
 
 var clientPluginOptionsTypeMap = map[string]reflect.Type{
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:         reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTP2HTTPSRedirect: reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPProxy:          reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:         reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
-	PluginHTTP2HTTP:          reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions](),
-	PluginSocks5:             reflect.TypeFor[Socks5PluginOptions](),
-	PluginStaticFile:         reflect.TypeFor[StaticFilePluginOptions](),
-	PluginUnixDomainSocket:   reflect.TypeFor[UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions](),
-	PluginTLS2Raw:            reflect.TypeFor[TLS2RawPluginOptions](),
-	PluginVirtualNet:         reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTPS:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPProxy:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTPProxyPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTP:       reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTPS2HTTPS:      reflect.TypeFor[HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions](),
+	PluginHTTP2HTTP:        reflect.TypeFor[HTTP2HTTPPluginOptions](),
+	PluginSocks5:           reflect.TypeFor[Socks5PluginOptions](),
+	PluginStaticFile:       reflect.TypeFor[StaticFilePluginOptions](),
+	PluginUnixDomainSocket: reflect.TypeFor[UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions](),
+	PluginTLS2Raw:          reflect.TypeFor[TLS2RawPluginOptions](),
+	PluginVirtualNet:       reflect.TypeFor[VirtualNetPluginOptions](),
 }
 
 type ClientPluginOptions interface {
@@ -83,29 +80,6 @@ func (c *TypedClientPluginOptions) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return jsonx.Marshal(c.ClientPluginOptions)
 }
 
-// AutoTLSOptions configures automatic certificate provisioning (ACME) for plugins
-// that terminate TLS locally.
-type AutoTLSOptions struct {
-	Enable bool `json:"enable,omitempty"`
-	// Contact email for certificate expiration and important notices.
-	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
-	// Directory used to cache ACME account and certificates.
-	CacheDir string `json:"cacheDir,omitempty"`
-	// ACME directory URL, e.g. Let's Encrypt staging/prod endpoint.
-	CADirURL string `json:"caDirURL,omitempty"`
-	// Restrict certificate issuance to the listed domains.
-	HostAllowList []string `json:"hostAllowList,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (o *AutoTLSOptions) Clone() *AutoTLSOptions {
-	if o == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := *o
-	out.HostAllowList = slices.Clone(o.HostAllowList)
-	return &out
-}
-
 type HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions struct {
 	Type              string           `json:"type,omitempty"`
 	LocalAddr         string           `json:"localAddr,omitempty"`
@@ -124,21 +98,6 @@ func (o *HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
 	return &out
 }
 
-type HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions struct {
-	Type      string `json:"type,omitempty"`
-	HTTPSPort int    `json:"httpsPort,omitempty"`
-}
-
-func (o *HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions) Complete() {}
-
-func (o *HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
-	if o == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := *o
-	return &out
-}
-
 type HTTPProxyPluginOptions struct {
 	Type         string `json:"type,omitempty"`
 	HTTPUser     string `json:"httpUser,omitempty"`
@@ -163,7 +122,6 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions struct {
 	EnableHTTP2       *bool            `json:"enableHTTP2,omitempty"`
 	CrtPath           string           `json:"crtPath,omitempty"`
 	KeyPath           string           `json:"keyPath,omitempty"`
-	AutoTLS           *AutoTLSOptions  `json:"autoTLS,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions) Complete() {
@@ -177,7 +135,6 @@ func (o *HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
 	out := *o
 	out.RequestHeaders = o.RequestHeaders.Clone()
 	out.EnableHTTP2 = util.ClonePtr(o.EnableHTTP2)
-	out.AutoTLS = o.AutoTLS.Clone()
 	return &out
 }
 
@@ -189,7 +146,6 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions struct {
 	EnableHTTP2       *bool            `json:"enableHTTP2,omitempty"`
 	CrtPath           string           `json:"crtPath,omitempty"`
 	KeyPath           string           `json:"keyPath,omitempty"`
-	AutoTLS           *AutoTLSOptions  `json:"autoTLS,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (o *HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions) Complete() {
@@ -203,7 +159,6 @@ func (o *HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
 	out := *o
 	out.RequestHeaders = o.RequestHeaders.Clone()
 	out.EnableHTTP2 = util.ClonePtr(o.EnableHTTP2)
-	out.AutoTLS = o.AutoTLS.Clone()
 	return &out
 }
 
@@ -275,11 +230,10 @@ func (o *UnixDomainSocketPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
 }
 
 type TLS2RawPluginOptions struct {
-	Type      string          `json:"type,omitempty"`
-	LocalAddr string          `json:"localAddr,omitempty"`
-	CrtPath   string          `json:"crtPath,omitempty"`
-	KeyPath   string          `json:"keyPath,omitempty"`
-	AutoTLS   *AutoTLSOptions `json:"autoTLS,omitempty"`
+	Type      string `json:"type,omitempty"`
+	LocalAddr string `json:"localAddr,omitempty"`
+	CrtPath   string `json:"crtPath,omitempty"`
+	KeyPath   string `json:"keyPath,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (o *TLS2RawPluginOptions) Complete() {}
@@ -289,7 +243,6 @@ func (o *TLS2RawPluginOptions) Clone() ClientPluginOptions {
 		return nil
 	}
 	out := *o
-	out.AutoTLS = o.AutoTLS.Clone()
 	return &out
 }
 

pkg/config/v1/server.go

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ type ServerTransportConfig struct {
 	// If negative, keep-alive probes are disabled.
 	TCPKeepAlive int64 `json:"tcpKeepalive,omitempty"`
 	// MaxPoolCount specifies the maximum pool size for each proxy. By default,
-	// this value is 5.
+	// this value is 5. Negative values are invalid.
 	MaxPoolCount int64 `json:"maxPoolCount,omitempty"`
 	// HeartBeatTimeout specifies the maximum time to wait for a heartbeat
 	// before terminating the connection. It is not recommended to change this

pkg/config/v1/validation/plugin.go

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ package validation
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 )
@@ -26,8 +24,6 @@ func ValidateClientPluginOptions(c v1.ClientPluginOptions) error {
 	switch v := c.(type) {
 	case *v1.HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions:
 		return validateHTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions(v)
-	case *v1.HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions:
-		return validateHTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions(v)
 	case *v1.HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions:
 		return validateHTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions(v)
 	case *v1.HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions:
@@ -49,17 +45,10 @@ func validateHTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions(c *v1.HTTP2HTTPSPluginOptions) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func validateHTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions(c *v1.HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions) error {
-	return ValidatePort(c.HTTPSPort, "httpsPort")
-}
-
 func validateHTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions(c *v1.HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions) error {
 	if c.LocalAddr == "" {
 		return errors.New("localAddr is required")
 	}
-	if err := validateAutoTLSOptions(c.AutoTLS, c.CrtPath, c.KeyPath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid autoTLS options: %w", err)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -67,9 +56,6 @@ func validateHTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions(c *v1.HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions) error {
 	if c.LocalAddr == "" {
 		return errors.New("localAddr is required")
 	}
-	if err := validateAutoTLSOptions(c.AutoTLS, c.CrtPath, c.KeyPath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid autoTLS options: %w", err)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -91,29 +77,5 @@ func validateTLS2RawPluginOptions(c *v1.TLS2RawPluginOptions) error {
 	if c.LocalAddr == "" {
 		return errors.New("localAddr is required")
 	}
-	if err := validateAutoTLSOptions(c.AutoTLS, c.CrtPath, c.KeyPath); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid autoTLS options: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateAutoTLSOptions(c *v1.AutoTLSOptions, crtPath, keyPath string) error {
-	if c == nil || !c.Enable {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if crtPath != "" || keyPath != "" {
-		return errors.New("crtPath and keyPath must be empty when autoTLS.enable is true")
-	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(c.CacheDir) == "" {
-		return errors.New("autoTLS.cacheDir is required when autoTLS.enable is true")
-	}
-	if len(c.HostAllowList) > 0 {
-		for _, host := range c.HostAllowList {
-			if strings.TrimSpace(host) == "" {
-				return errors.New("autoTLS.hostAllowList cannot contain empty domain")
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	return nil
 }

pkg/config/v1/validation/server.go

@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ func (v *ConfigValidator) ValidateServerConfig(c *v1.ServerConfig) (Warning, err
 	errs = AppendError(errs, ValidatePort(c.VhostHTTPPort, "vhostHTTPPort"))
 	errs = AppendError(errs, ValidatePort(c.VhostHTTPSPort, "vhostHTTPSPort"))
 	errs = AppendError(errs, ValidatePort(c.TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort, "tcpMuxHTTPConnectPort"))
+	if c.Transport.MaxPoolCount < 0 {
+		errs = AppendError(errs, fmt.Errorf("invalid transport.maxPoolCount, must be non-negative"))
+	}
 
 	for _, p := range c.HTTPPlugins {
 		if !lo.Every(SupportedHTTPPluginOps, p.Ops) {

pkg/config/v1/validation/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package validation
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+)
+
+func TestValidateServerConfigMaxPoolCount(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name         string
+		maxPoolCount int64
+		wantErr      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "negative", maxPoolCount: -1, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "zero", maxPoolCount: 0},
+		{name: "positive", maxPoolCount: 5},
+		{name: "maximum int64", maxPoolCount: math.MaxInt64},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := validServerConfigWithAuth(v1.AuthServerConfig{Method: v1.AuthMethodToken})
+			cfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount = tc.maxPoolCount
+			require.NoError(t, cfg.Complete())
+
+			_, err := NewConfigValidator(nil).ValidateServerConfig(cfg)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid transport.maxPoolCount")
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, "must be non-negative")
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/metrics/mem/server.go

@@ -95,9 +95,7 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) clearUselessInfo(continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	total = len(m.info.ProxyStatistics)
 	for name, data := range m.info.ProxyStatistics {
-		if !data.LastCloseTime.IsZero() &&
-			data.LastStartTime.Before(data.LastCloseTime) &&
-			m.clock.Since(data.LastCloseTime) > continuousOfflineDuration {
+		if m.shouldClearProxyStats(data, continuousOfflineDuration) {
 			delete(m.info.ProxyStatistics, name)
 			count++
 			log.Tracef("clear proxy [%s]'s statistics data, lastCloseTime: [%s]", name, data.LastCloseTime.String())
@@ -106,10 +104,20 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) clearUselessInfo(continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration
 	return count, total
 }
 
+func (m *serverMetrics) shouldClearProxyStats(data *ProxyStatistics, continuousOfflineDuration time.Duration) bool {
+	return !data.LastCloseTime.IsZero() &&
+		data.LastStartTime.Before(data.LastCloseTime) &&
+		m.clock.Since(data.LastCloseTime) > continuousOfflineDuration
+}
+
 func (m *serverMetrics) ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
 	return m.clearUselessInfo(0)
 }
 
+func (m *serverMetrics) PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
+	return m.clearUselessInfo(0)
+}
+
 func (m *serverMetrics) NewClient() {
 	m.info.ClientCounts.Inc(1)
 }
@@ -231,9 +239,11 @@ func toProxyStats(name string, proxyStats *ProxyStatistics) *ProxyStats {
 	}
 	if !proxyStats.LastStartTime.IsZero() {
 		ps.LastStartTime = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+		ps.LastStartAt = proxyStats.LastStartTime.Unix()
 	}
 	if !proxyStats.LastCloseTime.IsZero() {
 		ps.LastCloseTime = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Format("01-02 15:04:05")
+		ps.LastCloseAt = proxyStats.LastCloseTime.Unix()
 	}
 	return ps
 }
@@ -243,9 +253,8 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxiesByType(proxyType string) []*ProxyStats {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	filterAll := proxyType == "" || proxyType == "all"
 	for name, proxyStats := range m.info.ProxyStatistics {
-		if !filterAll && proxyStats.ProxyType != proxyType {
+		if proxyStats.ProxyType != proxyType {
 			continue
 		}
 		res = append(res, toProxyStats(name, proxyStats))
@@ -258,13 +267,8 @@ func (m *serverMetrics) GetProxiesByTypeAndName(proxyType string, proxyName stri
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
 	proxyStats, ok := m.info.ProxyStatistics[proxyName]
-	if ok {
-		// filterAll allows the "all proxies" API to look up a proxy by name without
-		// knowing its type (proxyType == "" or "all").
-		filterAll := proxyType == "" || proxyType == "all"
-		if filterAll || proxyStats.ProxyType == proxyType {
-			res = toProxyStats(proxyName, proxyStats)
-		}
+	if ok && proxyStats.ProxyType == proxyType {
+		res = toProxyStats(proxyName, proxyStats)
 	}
 	return
 }

pkg/metrics/mem/server_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ func TestServerMetricsUsesClockForProxyTimestamps(t *testing.T) {
 	clk.SetTime(closedAt)
 	metrics.CloseProxy("proxy", "tcp")
 	require.Equal(closedAt, metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["proxy"].LastCloseTime)
+
+	stats := metrics.GetProxyByName("proxy")
+	require.Equal(start.Format("01-02 15:04:05"), stats.LastStartTime)
+	require.Equal(closedAt.Format("01-02 15:04:05"), stats.LastCloseTime)
+	require.Equal(start.Unix(), stats.LastStartAt)
+	require.Equal(closedAt.Unix(), stats.LastCloseAt)
 }
 
 func TestServerMetricsClearUselessInfoUsesClock(t *testing.T) {
@@ -43,6 +49,70 @@ func TestServerMetricsClearUselessInfoUsesClock(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Empty(metrics.info.ProxyStatistics)
 }
 
+func TestServerMetricsClearOfflineProxiesPreservesLegacyTotal(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	start := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 12, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	clk := clocktesting.NewFakeClock(start.Add(time.Minute))
+	metrics := newServerMetricsWithClock(clk)
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["offline"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "offline",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(-time.Hour),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["online"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "online",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := metrics.ClearOfflineProxies()
+
+	require.Equal(1, cleared)
+	require.Equal(2, total)
+	require.False(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("offline"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("online"))
+}
+
+func TestServerMetricsPruneOfflineProxiesReportsTotalStats(t *testing.T) {
+	require := require.New(t)
+
+	start := time.Date(2026, time.May, 8, 12, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	clk := clocktesting.NewFakeClock(start.Add(time.Minute))
+	metrics := newServerMetricsWithClock(clk)
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["offline"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "offline",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(-time.Hour),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["online"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "online",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["restarted"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "restarted",
+		LastStartTime: start.Add(30 * time.Second),
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+	metrics.info.ProxyStatistics["same-time"] = &ProxyStatistics{
+		Name:          "same-time",
+		LastStartTime: start,
+		LastCloseTime: start,
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := metrics.PruneOfflineProxies()
+
+	require.Equal(1, cleared)
+	require.Equal(4, total)
+	require.False(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("offline"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("online"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("restarted"))
+	require.True(metrics.hasProxyStatistics("same-time"))
+
+	cleared, total = metrics.PruneOfflineProxies()
+	require.Equal(0, cleared)
+	require.Equal(3, total)
+}
+
 func TestServerMetricsRunUsesClockTicker(t *testing.T) {
 	require := require.New(t)
 

pkg/metrics/mem/types.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type ProxyStats struct {
 	TodayTrafficOut int64
 	LastStartTime   string
 	LastCloseTime   string
+	LastStartAt     int64
+	LastCloseAt     int64
 	CurConns        int64
 }
 
@@ -85,4 +87,5 @@ type Collector interface {
 	GetProxyByName(proxyName string) *ProxyStats
 	GetProxyTraffic(name string) *ProxyTrafficInfo
 	ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int)
+	PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int)
 }

pkg/msg/udp_benchmark_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+)
+
+type udpBenchmarkCase struct {
+	name   string
+	packet *UDPPacket
+}
+
+var (
+	udpBenchmarkBytesSink   []byte
+	udpBenchmarkMessageSink Message
+)
+
+func udpBenchmarkCases(payloadSize int) []udpBenchmarkCase {
+	content := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x5a}, payloadSize)
+	return []udpBenchmarkCase{
+		{
+			name: "ipv4-remote",
+			packet: &UDPPacket{
+				Content:    content,
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv4-local-remote",
+			packet: &UDPPacket{
+				Content:    content,
+				LocalAddr:  &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), Port: 23456},
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv6-remote",
+			packet: &UDPPacket{
+				Content:    content,
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 12345},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv6-local-remote",
+			packet: &UDPPacket{
+				Content:    content,
+				LocalAddr:  &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2"), Port: 23456, Zone: "bench0"},
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 12345, Zone: "bench1"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUDPPacketV2FrameSizes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Logf("environment go=%s goos=%s goarch=%s gomaxprocs=%d", runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range udpBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			jsonFrame := udpBenchmarkWireBytes(t, tc.packet, "")
+			binaryFrame := udpBenchmarkWireBytes(t, tc.packet, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary)
+			saving := 100 * float64(len(jsonFrame)-len(binaryFrame)) / float64(len(jsonFrame))
+			t.Logf("frame payload=%d case=%s json_bytes=%d binary_bytes=%d binary_saving_pct=%.2f", payloadSize, tc.name, len(jsonFrame), len(binaryFrame), saving)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func udpBenchmarkWireBytes(t testing.TB, packet *UDPPacket, codec string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	rw, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&buf, wire.ProtocolV2, codec)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create UDP read writer: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := rw.WriteMsg(packet); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write UDP packet: %v", err)
+	}
+	return append([]byte(nil), buf.Bytes()...)
+}
+
+type udpBenchmarkReadWriter struct {
+	reader bytes.Reader
+}
+
+func (rw *udpBenchmarkReadWriter) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	return rw.reader.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (rw *udpBenchmarkReadWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (rw *udpBenchmarkReadWriter) Reset(p []byte) {
+	rw.reader.Reset(p)
+}
+
+func udpBenchmarkValidatePacket(b testing.TB, got, want *UDPPacket) {
+	b.Helper()
+	if !bytes.Equal(got.Content, want.Content) || !udpBenchmarkUDPAddrEqual(got.LocalAddr, want.LocalAddr) ||
+		!udpBenchmarkUDPAddrEqual(got.RemoteAddr, want.RemoteAddr) {
+		b.Fatalf("decoded packet mismatch: got %+v, want %+v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func udpBenchmarkUDPAddrEqual(got, want *net.UDPAddr) bool {
+	if got == nil || want == nil {
+		return got == want
+	}
+	return got.IP.Equal(want.IP) && got.Port == want.Port && got.Zone == want.Zone
+}
+
+func BenchmarkUDPPacketV2CodecWrite(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range udpBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			for _, codec := range []struct {
+				name  string
+				value string
+			}{
+				{name: "json", value: ""},
+				{name: "binary", value: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary},
+			} {
+				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("payload-%d/%s/%s", payloadSize, tc.name, codec.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+					var buf bytes.Buffer
+					rw, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&buf, wire.ProtocolV2, codec.value)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					expected := udpBenchmarkWireBytes(b, tc.packet, codec.value)
+					b.SetBytes(int64(len(expected)))
+					for b.Loop() {
+						buf.Reset()
+						if err := rw.WriteMsg(tc.packet); err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+					}
+					if !bytes.Equal(buf.Bytes(), expected) {
+						b.Fatalf("encoded packet mismatch: got %d bytes, want %d", buf.Len(), len(expected))
+					}
+					udpBenchmarkBytesSink = buf.Bytes()
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkUDPPacketV2CodecRead(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range udpBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			for _, codec := range []struct {
+				name  string
+				value string
+			}{
+				{name: "json", value: ""},
+				{name: "binary", value: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary},
+			} {
+				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("payload-%d/%s/%s", payloadSize, tc.name, codec.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+					encoded := udpBenchmarkWireBytes(b, tc.packet, codec.value)
+					stream := &udpBenchmarkReadWriter{}
+					rw, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(stream, wire.ProtocolV2, codec.value)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					var decoded Message
+					b.SetBytes(int64(len(encoded)))
+					for b.Loop() {
+						stream.Reset(encoded)
+						decoded, err = rw.ReadMsg()
+						if err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+					}
+					packet, ok := decoded.(*UDPPacket)
+					if !ok {
+						b.Fatalf("decoded message type %T, want *UDPPacket", decoded)
+					}
+					udpBenchmarkValidatePacket(b, packet, tc.packet)
+					udpBenchmarkMessageSink = decoded
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/msg/udp_binary.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+)
+
+const MaxUDPPayloadSize = 65507
+
+const (
+	udpPacketFlagLocalAddr  byte = 1 << 0
+	udpPacketFlagRemoteAddr byte = 1 << 1
+	udpPacketValidFlags          = udpPacketFlagLocalAddr | udpPacketFlagRemoteAddr
+)
+
+type binaryUDPAddr struct {
+	family byte
+	ip     []byte
+	port   uint16
+	zone   string
+}
+
+// EncodeUDPPacketBinary encodes the body of a V2 binary UDP packet message.
+// RemoteAddr is required by the UDP forwarding path.
+func EncodeUDPPacketBinary(packet *UDPPacket) ([]byte, error) {
+	if packet == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nil UDP packet")
+	}
+	if packet.RemoteAddr == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP packet missing remote address")
+	}
+	if len(packet.Content) > MaxUDPPayloadSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP payload length %d exceeds limit %d", len(packet.Content), MaxUDPPayloadSize)
+	}
+
+	var flags byte
+	var localAddr, remoteAddr binaryUDPAddr
+	bodyLen := 1 + 2 + len(packet.Content)
+	if packet.LocalAddr != nil {
+		flags |= udpPacketFlagLocalAddr
+		var err error
+		localAddr, err = validateBinaryUDPAddr(packet.LocalAddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("local address: %w", err)
+		}
+		bodyLen += binaryUDPAddrLen(localAddr)
+	}
+	flags |= udpPacketFlagRemoteAddr
+	var err error
+	remoteAddr, err = validateBinaryUDPAddr(packet.RemoteAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote address: %w", err)
+	}
+	bodyLen += binaryUDPAddrLen(remoteAddr)
+	if 2+bodyLen > wire.DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("v2 frame payload length %d exceeds limit %d", 2+bodyLen, wire.DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize)
+	}
+
+	body := make([]byte, bodyLen)
+	body[0] = flags
+	offset := 1
+	if flags&udpPacketFlagLocalAddr != 0 {
+		offset = putBinaryUDPAddr(body, offset, localAddr)
+	}
+	offset = putBinaryUDPAddr(body, offset, remoteAddr)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[offset:offset+2], uint16(len(packet.Content)))
+	offset += 2
+	copy(body[offset:], packet.Content)
+	return body, nil
+}
+
+// DecodeUDPPacketBinary decodes a V2 binary UDP packet body and returns data
+// that does not alias the input frame buffer.
+func DecodeUDPPacketBinary(body []byte) (*UDPPacket, error) {
+	if len(body) < 3 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP packet body too short: %d", len(body))
+	}
+	if 2+len(body) > wire.DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("v2 frame payload length %d exceeds limit %d", 2+len(body), wire.DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize)
+	}
+
+	flags := body[0]
+	if flags&^udpPacketValidFlags != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reserved UDP packet flags set: 0x%02x", flags)
+	}
+	if flags&udpPacketFlagRemoteAddr == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP packet missing remote address")
+	}
+
+	packet := &UDPPacket{}
+	offset := 1
+	var err error
+	if flags&udpPacketFlagLocalAddr != 0 {
+		packet.LocalAddr, offset, err = readBinaryUDPAddr(body, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("local address: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if flags&udpPacketFlagRemoteAddr != 0 {
+		packet.RemoteAddr, offset, err = readBinaryUDPAddr(body, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("remote address: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(body)-offset < 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("truncated UDP payload length")
+	}
+	payloadLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[offset : offset+2]))
+	offset += 2
+	if payloadLen > MaxUDPPayloadSize {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP payload length %d exceeds limit %d", payloadLen, MaxUDPPayloadSize)
+	}
+	remaining := len(body) - offset
+	if remaining < payloadLen {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("truncated UDP payload: have %d want %d", remaining, payloadLen)
+	}
+	if remaining > payloadLen {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("trailing UDP packet bytes: %d", remaining-payloadLen)
+	}
+	packet.Content = append([]byte(nil), body[offset:offset+payloadLen]...)
+	return packet, nil
+}
+
+func validateBinaryUDPAddr(addr *net.UDPAddr) (binaryUDPAddr, error) {
+	if addr.Port < 0 || addr.Port > 65535 {
+		return binaryUDPAddr{}, fmt.Errorf("port out of range: %d", addr.Port)
+	}
+	if ip := addr.IP.To4(); ip != nil {
+		if addr.Zone != "" {
+			return binaryUDPAddr{}, fmt.Errorf("IPv4 zone is forbidden")
+		}
+		return binaryUDPAddr{family: 4, ip: ip, port: uint16(addr.Port)}, nil
+	}
+	ip := addr.IP.To16()
+	if ip == nil {
+		return binaryUDPAddr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP")
+	}
+	if len(addr.Zone) > 255 {
+		return binaryUDPAddr{}, fmt.Errorf("zone exceeds 255 bytes")
+	}
+	if !utf8.ValidString(addr.Zone) {
+		return binaryUDPAddr{}, fmt.Errorf("zone is not valid UTF-8")
+	}
+	return binaryUDPAddr{family: 6, ip: ip, port: uint16(addr.Port), zone: addr.Zone}, nil
+}
+
+func binaryUDPAddrLen(addr binaryUDPAddr) int {
+	return 1 + len(addr.ip) + 2 + 1 + len(addr.zone)
+}
+
+func putBinaryUDPAddr(body []byte, offset int, addr binaryUDPAddr) int {
+	body[offset] = addr.family
+	offset++
+	copy(body[offset:], addr.ip)
+	offset += len(addr.ip)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(body[offset:offset+2], addr.port)
+	offset += 2
+	body[offset] = byte(len(addr.zone))
+	offset++
+	copy(body[offset:], addr.zone)
+	return offset + len(addr.zone)
+}
+
+func readBinaryUDPAddr(body []byte, offset int) (*net.UDPAddr, int, error) {
+	if offset >= len(body) {
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("truncated address family")
+	}
+	family := body[offset]
+	offset++
+	var ipLen int
+	switch family {
+	case 4:
+		ipLen = net.IPv4len
+	case 6:
+		ipLen = net.IPv6len
+	default:
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("unknown address family %d", family)
+	}
+	if len(body)-offset < ipLen+3 {
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("truncated address")
+	}
+	ip := append(net.IP(nil), body[offset:offset+ipLen]...)
+	offset += ipLen
+	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[offset : offset+2])
+	offset += 2
+	zoneLen := int(body[offset])
+	offset++
+	if len(body)-offset < zoneLen {
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("truncated zone")
+	}
+	zoneBytes := body[offset : offset+zoneLen]
+	if family == 4 && zoneLen != 0 {
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("IPv4 zone is forbidden")
+	}
+	if !utf8.Valid(zoneBytes) {
+		return nil, offset, fmt.Errorf("zone is not valid UTF-8")
+	}
+	offset += zoneLen
+	return &net.UDPAddr{IP: ip, Port: int(port), Zone: string(zoneBytes)}, offset, nil
+}
+
+type V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter struct {
+	conn *wire.Conn
+}
+
+func NewV2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter(rw io.ReadWriter) *V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter {
+	return &V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter{conn: wire.NewConn(rw)}
+}
+
+func (rw *V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter) ReadMsg() (Message, error) {
+	frame, err := rw.conn.ReadFrame()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if isV2MessageType(frame, V2TypeUDPPacketBinary) {
+		return decodeV2BinaryUDPPacketFrame(frame)
+	}
+	if isV2MessageType(frame, V2TypeUDPPacket) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("received JSON UDP packet after binary codec negotiation")
+	}
+	return DecodeV2MessageFrame(frame)
+}
+
+func (rw *V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter) ReadMsgInto(out Message) error {
+	frame, err := rw.conn.ReadFrame()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if packetOut, ok := out.(*UDPPacket); ok {
+		if !isV2MessageType(frame, V2TypeUDPPacketBinary) {
+			return unexpectedV2UDPPacketType(frame)
+		}
+		packet, err := decodeV2BinaryUDPPacketFrame(frame)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		*packetOut = *packet
+		return nil
+	}
+	return DecodeV2MessageFrameInto(frame, out)
+}
+
+func (rw *V2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter) WriteMsg(message Message) error {
+	var packet *UDPPacket
+	switch typed := message.(type) {
+	case *UDPPacket:
+		packet = typed
+	case UDPPacket:
+		packet = &typed
+	default:
+		frame, err := EncodeV2MessageFrame(message)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return rw.conn.WriteFrame(frame)
+	}
+	body, err := EncodeUDPPacketBinary(packet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	payload := make([]byte, 2+len(body))
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(payload[:2], V2TypeUDPPacketBinary)
+	copy(payload[2:], body)
+	return rw.conn.WriteFrame(&wire.Frame{Type: wire.FrameTypeMessage, Payload: payload})
+}
+
+func decodeV2BinaryUDPPacketFrame(frame *wire.Frame) (*UDPPacket, error) {
+	if frame.Type != wire.FrameTypeMessage {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected frame type %d, want %d", frame.Type, wire.FrameTypeMessage)
+	}
+	if len(frame.Payload) < 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("message frame payload too short")
+	}
+	if binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]) != V2TypeUDPPacketBinary {
+		return nil, unexpectedV2UDPPacketType(frame)
+	}
+	return DecodeUDPPacketBinary(frame.Payload[2:])
+}
+
+func isV2MessageType(frame *wire.Frame, typeID uint16) bool {
+	return frame.Type == wire.FrameTypeMessage && len(frame.Payload) >= 2 && binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]) == typeID
+}
+
+func unexpectedV2UDPPacketType(frame *wire.Frame) error {
+	if frame.Type != wire.FrameTypeMessage {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected frame type %d, want %d", frame.Type, wire.FrameTypeMessage)
+	}
+	if len(frame.Payload) < 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("message frame payload too short")
+	}
+	typeID := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2])
+	if typeID == V2TypeUDPPacket {
+		return fmt.Errorf("received JSON UDP packet after binary codec negotiation")
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("unexpected message type %d, want %d", typeID, V2TypeUDPPacketBinary)
+}
+
+// NewUDPPacketReadWriter selects the negotiated packet codec without changing
+// the framing or codecs used by non-UDP messages on the work connection.
+func NewUDPPacketReadWriter(rw io.ReadWriter, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec string) (ReadWriter, error) {
+	switch wireProtocol {
+	case "", wire.ProtocolV1:
+		if udpPacketCodec != "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("UDP packet codec %q requires wire protocol v2", udpPacketCodec)
+		}
+		return NewV1ReadWriter(rw), nil
+	case wire.ProtocolV2:
+		switch udpPacketCodec {
+		case "":
+			return NewV2ReadWriter(rw), nil
+		case wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary:
+			return NewV2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter(rw), nil
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported UDP packet codec %q", udpPacketCodec)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported wire protocol %q", wireProtocol)
+	}
+}

pkg/msg/udp_binary_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+package msg
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+)
+
+func TestUDPPacketBinaryRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xa5}, 1472)
+	in := &UDPPacket{
+		Content: payload,
+		LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+			IP:   net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"),
+			Port: 1234,
+			Zone: "en0",
+		},
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321},
+	}
+	body, err := EncodeUDPPacketBinary(in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, err := DecodeUDPPacketBinary(body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, in.Content, out.Content)
+	require.Equal(t, in.LocalAddr.String(), out.LocalAddr.String())
+	require.Equal(t, in.RemoteAddr.String(), out.RemoteAddr.String())
+	body[len(body)-1] ^= 0xff
+	body[25] ^= 0xff
+	require.Equal(t, byte(0xa5), out.Content[len(out.Content)-1], "decoded payload must own frame bytes")
+	require.Equal(t, byte(203), out.RemoteAddr.IP.To4()[0], "decoded address must own frame bytes")
+}
+
+func TestUDPPacketBinarySizesAndOptionalLocalAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, size := range []int{0, 32, 128, 512, 1200, 1472, 4096, 49107, 65507} {
+		t.Run(strconv.Itoa(size), func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := &UDPPacket{
+				Content:    bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(size)}, size),
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321},
+			}
+			body, err := EncodeUDPPacketBinary(in)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			out, err := DecodeUDPPacketBinary(body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, len(in.Content), len(out.Content))
+			if size == 0 {
+				require.Empty(t, out.Content)
+			} else {
+				require.Equal(t, in.Content, out.Content)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUDPPacketBinaryMalformed(t *testing.T) {
+	valid, err := EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{
+		Content:    []byte("payload"),
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tests := [][]byte{
+		{0x80, 0, 0},
+		{0x02, 4, 1, 2},
+		{0x02, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0xd4},
+		append(append([]byte(nil), valid...), 0),
+	}
+	for _, malformed := range tests {
+		_, err := DecodeUDPPacketBinary(malformed)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	}
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary([]byte{0, 0, 0})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing remote address")
+	payloadLengthOffset := len(valid) - len("payload") - 2
+	invalidPayloadLength := append([]byte(nil), valid...)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(invalidPayloadLength[payloadLengthOffset:payloadLengthOffset+2], 0xffff)
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(invalidPayloadLength)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "payload length")
+	truncatedPayload := append([]byte(nil), valid[:payloadLengthOffset+2]...)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(truncatedPayload[payloadLengthOffset:payloadLengthOffset+2], 1)
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(truncatedPayload)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "truncated UDP payload")
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(make([]byte, wire.DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "frame payload length")
+
+	badIPv4Zone := []byte{2, 4, 203, 0, 113, 9, 0xd4, 0x31, 1, 'z', 0, 0}
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(badIPv4Zone)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "IPv4 zone")
+	badFamily := []byte{2, 9, 0, 0}
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(badFamily)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "unknown address family")
+	badUTF8 := make([]byte, 0, 24)
+	badUTF8 = append(badUTF8, 2, 6)
+	badUTF8 = append(badUTF8, make([]byte, 16)...)
+	badUTF8 = append(badUTF8, 0, 1, 1, 0xff, 0, 0)
+	_, err = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(badUTF8)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "UTF-8")
+}
+
+func TestUDPPacketBinaryEncodeRejectsInvalidPackets(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing remote address")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{
+		LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 1234},
+	})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "missing remote address")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{
+		Content:    make([]byte, MaxUDPPayloadSize+1),
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321},
+	})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "exceeds limit")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 1, Zone: "bad"}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "IPv4 zone")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 1, Zone: string(bytes.Repeat([]byte{'z'}, 256))}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "zone exceeds")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 1, Zone: string([]byte{0xff})}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "UTF-8")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{Port: -1}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "port out of range")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{Port: 65536}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "port out of range")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{1, 2, 3}}})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "invalid IP")
+	_, err = EncodeUDPPacketBinary(&UDPPacket{
+		Content:    make([]byte, MaxUDPPayloadSize),
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Zone: string(bytes.Repeat([]byte{'z'}, 255))},
+	})
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "frame payload length")
+}
+
+func TestV2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriterPreservesOtherMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	rw := NewV2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriter(&buf)
+	in := &UDPPacket{Content: []byte("udp"), RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321}}
+	require.NoError(t, rw.WriteMsg(in))
+	require.NoError(t, rw.WriteMsg(&Ping{Timestamp: 7}))
+	frameConn := wire.NewConn(&buf)
+	frame, err := frameConn.ReadFrame()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, V2TypeUDPPacketBinary, binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]))
+	frame, err = frameConn.ReadFrame()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, V2TypePing, binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]))
+}
+
+func TestV2BinaryUDPPacketReadWriterRoundTripAndCodecInvariant(t *testing.T) {
+	in := &UDPPacket{Content: []byte("udp"), RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("203.0.113.9"), Port: 54321}}
+	var binaryStream bytes.Buffer
+	binaryWriter, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&binaryStream, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, binaryWriter.WriteMsg(in))
+	binaryReader, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&binaryStream, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, err := binaryReader.ReadMsg()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, in.Content, out.(*UDPPacket).Content)
+
+	for _, read := range []func(ReadWriter) error{
+		func(rw ReadWriter) error {
+			_, err := rw.ReadMsg()
+			return err
+		},
+		func(rw ReadWriter) error {
+			return rw.ReadMsgInto(&UDPPacket{})
+		},
+	} {
+		var jsonStream bytes.Buffer
+		require.NoError(t, NewReadWriter(&jsonStream, wire.ProtocolV2).WriteMsg(in))
+		negotiatedReader, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&jsonStream, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.ErrorContains(t, read(negotiatedReader), "JSON UDP packet after binary codec negotiation")
+	}
+
+	var fallbackStream bytes.Buffer
+	fallbackWriter, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&fallbackStream, wire.ProtocolV2, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, fallbackWriter.WriteMsg(in))
+	frame, err := wire.NewConn(&fallbackStream).ReadFrame()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, V2TypeUDPPacket, binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]))
+}
+
+func TestNewUDPPacketReadWriterDefaultProtocolUsesV1(t *testing.T) {
+	var stream bytes.Buffer
+	rw, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&stream, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.IsType(t, &V1ReadWriter{}, rw)
+	require.NoError(t, rw.WriteMsg(&UDPPacket{Content: []byte("legacy")}))
+	require.Equal(t, TypeUDPPacket, stream.Bytes()[0])
+}
+
+func TestNewUDPPacketReadWriterRejectsInvalidSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name           string
+		wireProtocol   string
+		udpPacketCodec string
+		errorSubstring string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "binary codec over v1",
+			wireProtocol:   wire.ProtocolV1,
+			udpPacketCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			errorSubstring: "requires wire protocol v2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "binary codec over default protocol",
+			udpPacketCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			errorSubstring: "requires wire protocol v2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "unknown v2 codec",
+			wireProtocol:   wire.ProtocolV2,
+			udpPacketCodec: "unknown",
+			errorSubstring: "unsupported UDP packet codec",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "unknown wire protocol",
+			wireProtocol:   "unknown",
+			errorSubstring: "unsupported wire protocol",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rw, err := NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&bytes.Buffer{}, tc.wireProtocol, tc.udpPacketCodec)
+			require.Nil(t, rw)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.errorSubstring)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func FuzzDecodeUDPPacketBinary(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add([]byte{0, 0, 0})
+	f.Add([]byte{2, 4, 203, 0, 113, 9, 0xd4, 0x31, 0, 0, 1})
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, body []byte) {
+		_, _ = DecodeUDPPacketBinary(body)
+	})
+}

pkg/msg/wire_v2.go

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const (
 	V2TypeNatHoleResp        uint16 = 16
 	V2TypeNatHoleSid         uint16 = 17
 	V2TypeNatHoleReport      uint16 = 18
+	V2TypeUDPPacketBinary    uint16 = 19
 )
 
 var v2MsgTypeMap = map[uint16]any{

pkg/msg/wire_v2_test.go

@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ func TestV2MessageTypeIDsAreStable(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint16(16), V2TypeNatHoleResp)
 	require.Equal(t, uint16(17), V2TypeNatHoleSid)
 	require.Equal(t, uint16(18), V2TypeNatHoleReport)
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(19), V2TypeUDPPacketBinary)
+	_, registered := v2MsgTypeMap[V2TypeUDPPacketBinary]
+	require.False(t, registered, "binary UDP has a dedicated codec and must not alter generic type registry")
 }
 
 func TestV2MessageFrameEncoding(t *testing.T) {

pkg/nathole/controller.go

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ func (c *Controller) HandleVisitor(m *msg.NatHoleVisitor, transporter transport.
 	// Make hole-punching decisions based on the NAT information of the client and visitor.
 	vResp, cResp, err := c.analysis(session)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("sid [%s] analysis error: %v", sid, err)
+		log.Debugf("sid [%s] analysis error: %v", err)
 		vResp = c.GenNatHoleResponse(session.visitorMsg.TransactionID, nil, err.Error())
 		cResp = c.GenNatHoleResponse(session.clientMsg.TransactionID, nil, err.Error())
 	}
@@ -385,6 +385,7 @@ func getRangePorts(addrs []string, difference, maxNumber int) []msg.PortsRange {
 	if !isLast {
 		return nil
 	}
+	ports := make([]msg.PortsRange, 0, 1)
 	_, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
@@ -393,8 +394,9 @@ func getRangePorts(addrs []string, difference, maxNumber int) []msg.PortsRange {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return []msg.PortsRange{{
+	ports = append(ports, msg.PortsRange{
 		From: max(port-difference-5, port-maxNumber, 1),
 		To:   min(port+difference+5, port+maxNumber, 65535),
-	}}
+	})
+	return ports
 }

pkg/nathole/discovery.go

@@ -15,31 +15,24 @@
 package nathole
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pion/stun/v3"
+	"github.com/fatedier/golib/net/stun"
 )
 
 var responseTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 
-type Message struct {
-	Body []byte
-	Addr string
-}
-
 // If the localAddr is empty, it will listen on a random port.
 func Discover(stunServers []string, localAddr string) ([]string, net.Addr, error) {
-	// create a discoverConn and get response from messageChan
 	discoverConn, err := listen(localAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	defer discoverConn.Close()
 
-	go discoverConn.readLoop()
-
 	addresses := make([]string, 0, len(stunServers))
 	for _, addr := range stunServers {
 		// get external address from stun server
@@ -58,10 +51,9 @@ type stunResponse struct {
 }
 
 type discoverConn struct {
-	conn *net.UDPConn
-
-	localAddr   net.Addr
-	messageChan chan *Message
+	conn      *net.UDPConn
+	client    *stun.Client
+	localAddr net.Addr
 }
 
 func listen(localAddr string) (*discoverConn, error) {
@@ -77,82 +69,50 @@ func listen(localAddr string) (*discoverConn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	client, err := stun.NewClient(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	return &discoverConn{
-		conn:        conn,
-		localAddr:   conn.LocalAddr(),
-		messageChan: make(chan *Message, 10),
+		conn:      conn,
+		client:    client,
+		localAddr: conn.LocalAddr(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *discoverConn) Close() error {
-	if c.messageChan != nil {
-		close(c.messageChan)
-		c.messageChan = nil
-	}
 	return c.conn.Close()
 }
 
-func (c *discoverConn) readLoop() {
-	for {
-		buf := make([]byte, 1024)
-		n, addr, err := c.conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		buf = buf[:n]
-
-		c.messageChan <- &Message{
-			Body: buf,
-			Addr: addr.String(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (c *discoverConn) doSTUNRequest(addr string) (*stunResponse, error) {
 	serverAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp4", addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	request, err := stun.Build(stun.TransactionID, stun.BindingRequest)
+	transaction, err := stun.NewBindingTransaction(serverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	if err = request.NewTransactionID(); err != nil {
+	if err := c.conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(responseTimeout)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if _, err := c.conn.WriteTo(request.Raw, serverAddr); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var m stun.Message
-	select {
-	case msg := <-c.messageChan:
-		m.Raw = msg.Body
-		if err := m.Decode(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+	response, err := c.client.Do(transaction)
+	if err != nil {
+		var netErr net.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &netErr) && netErr.Timeout() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait response from stun server timeout")
 		}
-	case <-time.After(responseTimeout):
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait response from stun server timeout")
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	xorAddrGetter := &stun.XORMappedAddress{}
-	mappedAddrGetter := &stun.MappedAddress{}
-	changedAddrGetter := ChangedAddress{}
-	otherAddrGetter := &stun.OtherAddress{}
 
 	resp := &stunResponse{}
-	if err := mappedAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.externalAddr = mappedAddrGetter.String()
+	if response.MappedAddr != nil {
+		resp.externalAddr = response.MappedAddr.String()
 	}
-	if err := xorAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.externalAddr = xorAddrGetter.String()
-	}
-	if err := changedAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.otherAddr = changedAddrGetter.String()
-	}
-	if err := otherAddrGetter.GetFrom(&m); err == nil {
-		resp.otherAddr = otherAddrGetter.String()
+	if response.OtherAddr != nil {
+		resp.otherAddr = response.OtherAddr.String()
 	}
 	return resp, nil
 }

pkg/nathole/discovery_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+package nathole
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/golib/net/stun"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+const (
+	testBindingRequest  = 0x0001
+	testBindingSuccess  = 0x0101
+	testBindingError    = 0x0111
+	testMagicCookie     = 0x2112a442
+	testAttrMapped      = 0x0001
+	testAttrChanged     = 0x0005
+	testAttrErrorCode   = 0x0009
+	testAttrXORMapped   = 0x0020
+	testAttrOther       = 0x802c
+	testSTUNHeaderSize  = 20
+	testSTUNServerLimit = time.Second
+)
+
+type testSTUNAttribute struct {
+	typ   uint16
+	value []byte
+}
+
+type testSTUNExchange struct {
+	source *net.UDPAddr
+	err    error
+}
+
+func listenTestUDP4(t *testing.T) *net.UDPConn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+	return conn
+}
+
+func serveOneSTUNRequest(
+	server *net.UDPConn,
+	buildResponse func([]byte, *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error),
+) <-chan testSTUNExchange {
+	done := make(chan testSTUNExchange, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(testSTUNServerLimit)); err != nil {
+			done <- testSTUNExchange{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
+		n, source, err := server.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
+		if err == nil && buildResponse != nil {
+			var response []byte
+			response, err = buildResponse(buffer[:n], source)
+			if err == nil && response != nil {
+				_, err = server.WriteToUDP(response, source)
+			}
+		}
+		done <- testSTUNExchange{source: source, err: err}
+	}()
+	return done
+}
+
+func waitSTUNExchange(t *testing.T, done <-chan testSTUNExchange) *net.UDPAddr {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	select {
+	case exchange := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, exchange.err)
+		return exchange.source
+	case <-time.After(testSTUNServerLimit):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for local STUN server")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func makeTestSTUNResponse(request []byte, typ uint16, attributes ...testSTUNAttribute) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(request) != testSTUNHeaderSize || binary.BigEndian.Uint16(request[0:2]) != testBindingRequest ||
+		binary.BigEndian.Uint32(request[4:8]) != testMagicCookie {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid Binding request")
+	}
+
+	length := 0
+	for _, attribute := range attributes {
+		length += 4 + (len(attribute.value)+3)&^3
+	}
+	response := make([]byte, testSTUNHeaderSize, testSTUNHeaderSize+length)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[0:2], typ)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[2:4], uint16(length))
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(response[4:8], testMagicCookie)
+	copy(response[8:20], request[8:20])
+
+	for _, attribute := range attributes {
+		start := len(response)
+		paddedLength := (len(attribute.value) + 3) &^ 3
+		response = append(response, make([]byte, 4+paddedLength)...)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[start:start+2], attribute.typ)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[start+2:start+4], uint16(len(attribute.value)))
+		copy(response[start+4:], attribute.value)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func testIPv4AddressValue(ip net.IP, port int, xor bool) []byte {
+	value := make([]byte, 8)
+	value[1] = 0x01
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(value[2:4], uint16(port))
+	copy(value[4:], ip.To4())
+	if xor {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(value[2:4], binary.BigEndian.Uint16(value[2:4])^uint16(testMagicCookie>>16))
+		for i := range 4 {
+			value[4+i] ^= byte(uint32(testMagicCookie) >> uint(24-8*i))
+		}
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverReusesLocalPortAndPreservesNATClassification(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		secondMapped     string
+		secondMappedPort int
+		wantNATType      string
+		wantBehavior     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "same mapped address",
+			secondMapped:     "198.51.100.10:40000",
+			secondMappedPort: 40000,
+			wantNATType:      EasyNAT,
+			wantBehavior:     BehaviorNoChange,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "different mapped port",
+			secondMapped:     "198.51.100.10:40001",
+			secondMappedPort: 40001,
+			wantNATType:      HardNAT,
+			wantBehavior:     BehaviorPortChanged,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			primary := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			alternate := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			alternateAddr := alternate.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+
+			primaryDone := serveOneSTUNRequest(primary, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.10"), 40000, true)},
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(alternateAddr.IP, alternateAddr.Port, false)},
+				)
+			})
+			alternateDone := serveOneSTUNRequest(alternate, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.10"), tt.secondMappedPort, true)},
+				)
+			})
+
+			addresses, localAddr, err := Discover([]string{primary.LocalAddr().String()}, "")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, []string{"198.51.100.10:40000", tt.secondMapped}, addresses)
+
+			primarySource := waitSTUNExchange(t, primaryDone)
+			alternateSource := waitSTUNExchange(t, alternateDone)
+			require.Equal(t, primarySource.Port, alternateSource.Port)
+			require.Equal(t, localAddr.(*net.UDPAddr).Port, primarySource.Port)
+
+			feature, err := ClassifyNATFeature(addresses, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantNATType, feature.NatType)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantBehavior, feature.Behavior)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDoSTUNRequestMapsLegacyAndModernAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		attributes   []testSTUNAttribute
+		wantExternal string
+		wantOther    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "legacy",
+			attributes: []testSTUNAttribute{
+				{typ: testAttrMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), 1000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrChanged, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+			},
+			wantExternal: "192.0.2.1:1000",
+			wantOther:    "192.0.2.2:2000",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "modern takes precedence",
+			attributes: []testSTUNAttribute{
+				{typ: testAttrMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), 1000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.1"), 3000, true)},
+				{typ: testAttrChanged, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+				{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.2"), 4000, false)},
+			},
+			wantExternal: "198.51.100.1:3000",
+			wantOther:    "198.51.100.2:4000",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess, tt.attributes...)
+			})
+			conn, err := listen("")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+			response, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantExternal, response.externalAddr)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantOther, response.otherAddr)
+			waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSTUNResponseErrorsAndMissingAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		buildResponse func([]byte, *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error)
+		request       func(*discoverConn, string) error
+		checkError    func(*testing.T, error)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "correlated malformed response",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				response, err := makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess)
+				if err == nil {
+					binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(response[2:4], 4)
+				}
+				return response, err
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, stun.ErrMalformedResponse)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Binding error response",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingError, testSTUNAttribute{
+					typ:   testAttrErrorCode,
+					value: []byte{0, 0, 4, 20, 'U', 'n', 'k', 'n', 'o', 'w', 'n'},
+				})
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				var responseErr *stun.ResponseError
+				require.ErrorAs(t, err, &responseErr)
+				require.Equal(t, 420, responseErr.Code)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing mapped address",
+			buildResponse: func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+				return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+					testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrOther, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), 2000, false)},
+				)
+			},
+			request: func(conn *discoverConn, server string) error {
+				_, err := conn.discoverFromStunServer(server)
+				return err
+			},
+			checkError: func(t *testing.T, err error) {
+				require.EqualError(t, err, "no external address found")
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+			done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, tt.buildResponse)
+			conn, err := listen("")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+			err = tt.request(conn, server.LocalAddr().String())
+			tt.checkError(t, err)
+			waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("missing other address", func(t *testing.T) {
+		server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+		done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, _ *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+			return makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+				testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.1"), 3000, true)},
+			)
+		})
+
+		_, err := Prepare([]string{server.LocalAddr().String()}, PrepareOptions{})
+		require.EqualError(t, err, "discover error: not enough addresses")
+		waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSTUNTimeoutUsesCallerDeadlineWithoutRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	originalTimeout := responseTimeout
+	responseTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { responseTimeout = originalTimeout })
+
+	server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, nil)
+	conn, err := listen("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	_, err = conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "wait response from stun server timeout")
+	waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+
+	require.NoError(t, server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(50*time.Millisecond)))
+	_, _, err = server.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	var netErr net.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &netErr)
+	require.True(t, netErr.Timeout())
+}
+
+func TestSTUNClientLeavesSocketAndDeadlineWithCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	originalTimeout := responseTimeout
+	responseTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	t.Cleanup(func() { responseTimeout = originalTimeout })
+
+	server := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	unrelated := listenTestUDP4(t)
+	done := serveOneSTUNRequest(server, func(request []byte, source *net.UDPAddr) ([]byte, error) {
+		response, err := makeTestSTUNResponse(request, testBindingSuccess,
+			testSTUNAttribute{typ: testAttrXORMapped, value: testIPv4AddressValue(net.ParseIP("198.51.100.5"), 5000, true)},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if _, err := unrelated.WriteToUDP(response, source); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	})
+	conn, err := listen("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	response, err := conn.doSTUNRequest(server.LocalAddr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "198.51.100.5:5000", response.externalAddr)
+	waitSTUNExchange(t, done)
+
+	_, _, err = conn.conn.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	var netErr net.Error
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &netErr))
+	require.True(t, netErr.Timeout())
+
+	require.NoError(t, conn.conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{}))
+	require.NoError(t, server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(testSTUNServerLimit)))
+	_, err = conn.conn.WriteToUDP([]byte{1}, server.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, source, err := server.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, conn.localAddr.(*net.UDPAddr).Port, source.Port)
+}

pkg/nathole/utils.go

@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
-	"github.com/pion/stun/v3"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 )
@@ -48,20 +46,6 @@ func DecodeMessageInto(data, key []byte, m msg.Message) error {
 	return msg.ReadMsgInto(bytes.NewReader(buf), m)
 }
 
-type ChangedAddress struct {
-	IP   net.IP
-	Port int
-}
-
-func (s *ChangedAddress) GetFrom(m *stun.Message) error {
-	a := (*stun.MappedAddress)(s)
-	return a.GetFromAs(m, stun.AttrChangedAddress)
-}
-
-func (s *ChangedAddress) String() string {
-	return net.JoinHostPort(s.IP.String(), strconv.Itoa(s.Port))
-}
-
 func ListAllLocalIPs() ([]net.IP, error) {
 	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
 	if err != nil {

pkg/plugin/client/autotls.go

@@ -1,212 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The LoliaTeam Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//go:build !frps
-
-package client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
-
-	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/log"
-)
-
-func buildAutoTLSServerConfigWithHosts(pluginName string, auto *v1.AutoTLSOptions, fallbackHosts []string) (*tls.Config, error) {
-	if auto == nil || !auto.Enable {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("插件 %s 未启用 autoTLS", pluginName)
-	}
-
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(auto.CacheDir, 0o700); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("插件 %s 创建 autoTLS 缓存目录失败: %w", pluginName, err)
-	}
-
-	hostSet := make(map[string]struct{})
-	hosts := make([]string, 0, len(auto.HostAllowList))
-	addHost := func(host string) {
-		host = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(host))
-		if host == "" {
-			return
-		}
-		if strings.Contains(host, "*") {
-			log.Warnf("[autoTLS][%s] 域名 [%s] 含通配符，自动申请不支持，已忽略", pluginName, host)
-			return
-		}
-		if _, ok := hostSet[host]; ok {
-			return
-		}
-		hostSet[host] = struct{}{}
-		hosts = append(hosts, host)
-	}
-
-	for _, host := range auto.HostAllowList {
-		addHost(host)
-	}
-	if len(hosts) == 0 {
-		for _, host := range fallbackHosts {
-			addHost(host)
-		}
-	}
-	if len(hosts) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("插件 %s 的 hostAllowList 为空；请设置 autoTLS.hostAllowList 或 customDomains", pluginName)
-	}
-
-	manager := &autocert.Manager{
-		Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
-		Email:      strings.TrimSpace(auto.Email),
-		HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(hosts...),
-	}
-	caDirURL := strings.TrimSpace(auto.CADirURL)
-	if caDirURL != "" {
-		manager.Client = &acme.Client{DirectoryURL: caDirURL}
-	} else {
-		caDirURL = autocert.DefaultACMEDirectory
-	}
-	managedHosts := make(map[string]struct{}, len(hosts))
-	for _, host := range hosts {
-		managedHosts[host] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	var warmupInProgress sync.Map
-	var warmupMissLogged sync.Map
-	manager.Cache = &autoTLSCache{
-		inner:            autocert.DirCache(auto.CacheDir),
-		managedHosts:     managedHosts,
-		pluginName:       pluginName,
-		caDirURL:         caDirURL,
-		warmupInProgress: &warmupInProgress,
-		warmupMissLogged: &warmupMissLogged,
-	}
-
-	cfg := manager.TLSConfig()
-	log.Infof("[autoTLS][%s] 已启用 autoTLS，管理域名=%v，缓存目录=%s", pluginName, hosts, auto.CacheDir)
-
-	var readySeen sync.Map
-
-	handleCertReady := func(host string, cert *tls.Certificate) {
-		var (
-			notAfter  time.Time
-			hasExpiry bool
-		)
-		if t, ok := getCertificateNotAfter(cert); ok {
-			notAfter = t
-			hasExpiry = true
-		}
-
-		_, readyLogged := readySeen.LoadOrStore(host, struct{}{})
-		if hasExpiry {
-			if !readyLogged {
-				log.Infof("[autoTLS][%s] 域名 [%s] 证书已就绪，过期时间 %s", pluginName, host, notAfter.Format(time.RFC3339))
-			}
-		} else if !readyLogged {
-			log.Infof("[autoTLS][%s] 域名 [%s] 证书已就绪", pluginName, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	cfg.GetCertificate = func(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-		host := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(hello.ServerName))
-		if host == "" {
-			host = "<空SNI>"
-		}
-
-		cert, err := manager.GetCertificate(hello)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("[autoTLS][%s] 获取域名 [%s] 证书失败: %v", pluginName, host, err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		handleCertReady(host, cert)
-		return cert, nil
-	}
-
-	// Warm up certificates in background after startup.
-	for _, host := range hosts {
-		h := host
-		go func() {
-			// Leave time for listener setup and route registration.
-			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-			warmupMissLogged.Delete(h)
-			warmupInProgress.Store(h, struct{}{})
-			cert, err := manager.GetCertificate(&tls.ClientHelloInfo{ServerName: h})
-			warmupInProgress.Delete(h)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warnf("[autoTLS][%s] 域名 [%s] 预申请失败: %v", pluginName, h, err)
-				return
-			}
-			handleCertReady(h, cert)
-		}()
-	}
-	return cfg, nil
-}
-
-func getCertificateNotAfter(cert *tls.Certificate) (time.Time, bool) {
-	if cert == nil {
-		return time.Time{}, false
-	}
-	if cert.Leaf != nil {
-		return cert.Leaf.NotAfter, true
-	}
-	if len(cert.Certificate) == 0 {
-		return time.Time{}, false
-	}
-	leaf, err := x509.ParseCertificate(cert.Certificate[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, false
-	}
-	return leaf.NotAfter, true
-}
-
-type autoTLSCache struct {
-	inner            autocert.Cache
-	managedHosts     map[string]struct{}
-	pluginName       string
-	caDirURL         string
-	warmupInProgress *sync.Map
-	warmupMissLogged *sync.Map
-}
-
-func (c *autoTLSCache) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) ([]byte, error) {
-	data, err := c.inner.Get(ctx, key)
-	if err != autocert.ErrCacheMiss {
-		return data, err
-	}
-
-	host := strings.TrimSuffix(key, "+rsa")
-	if _, ok := c.managedHosts[host]; !ok {
-		return data, err
-	}
-	if _, warming := c.warmupInProgress.Load(host); !warming {
-		return data, err
-	}
-	if _, loaded := c.warmupMissLogged.LoadOrStore(host, struct{}{}); !loaded {
-		log.Infof("[autoTLS][%s] 开始预申请域名 [%s] 证书，申请方式=TLS-ALPN-01，caDirURL=%s", c.pluginName, host, c.caDirURL)
-	}
-	return data, err
-}
-
-func (c *autoTLSCache) Put(ctx context.Context, key string, data []byte) error {
-	return c.inner.Put(ctx, key, data)
-}
-
-func (c *autoTLSCache) Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
-	return c.inner.Delete(ctx, key)
-}

pkg/plugin/client/http2https_redirect.go

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The LoliaTeam Authors
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-//go:build !frps
-
-package client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
-	netpkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/net"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	Register(v1.PluginHTTP2HTTPSRedirect, NewHTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin)
-}
-
-type HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin struct {
-	opts *v1.HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions
-
-	l *Listener
-	s *http.Server
-}
-
-func NewHTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin(_ PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
-	opts := options.(*v1.HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPluginOptions)
-
-	listener := NewProxyListener()
-	p := &HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin{
-		opts: opts,
-		l:    listener,
-	}
-
-	p.s = &http.Server{
-		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			http.Redirect(w, req, buildHTTPSRedirectURL(req, opts.HTTPSPort), http.StatusFound)
-		}),
-		ReadHeaderTimeout: 60 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		_ = p.s.Serve(listener)
-	}()
-
-	return p, nil
-}
-
-func buildHTTPSRedirectURL(req *http.Request, httpsPort int) string {
-	host := strings.TrimSpace(req.Host)
-	if host == "" {
-		host = strings.TrimSpace(req.URL.Host)
-	}
-
-	targetHost := host
-	if parsedHost, parsedPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
-		targetHost = parsedHost
-		if httpsPort == 0 && parsedPort == "443" {
-			httpsPort = 443
-		}
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(host, "]") {
-		targetHost = strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(host, "["), "]")
-	}
-
-	if httpsPort != 0 && httpsPort != 443 {
-		targetHost = net.JoinHostPort(targetHost, strconv.Itoa(httpsPort))
-	}
-
-	return (&url.URL{
-		Scheme:   "https",
-		Host:     targetHost,
-		Path:     req.URL.Path,
-		RawPath:  req.URL.RawPath,
-		RawQuery: req.URL.RawQuery,
-	}).String()
-}
-
-func (p *HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin) Handle(_ context.Context, connInfo *ConnectionInfo) {
-	wrapConn := netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(connInfo.Conn, connInfo.UnderlyingConn)
-	if connInfo.SrcAddr != nil {
-		wrapConn.SetRemoteAddr(connInfo.SrcAddr)
-	}
-	_ = p.l.PutConn(wrapConn)
-}
-
-func (p *HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin) Name() string {
-	return v1.PluginHTTP2HTTPSRedirect
-}
-
-func (p *HTTP2HTTPSRedirectPlugin) Close() error {
-	return p.s.Close()
-}

pkg/plugin/client/http_common.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	stdlog "log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httputil"
@@ -81,27 +80,11 @@ func newHTTPSBridgePluginServer(
 	enableHTTP2 *bool,
 	useSourceRemoteAddr bool,
 ) (*httpBridgePlugin, error) {
+	listener := NewProxyListener()
 	server, err := httpsserver.New(handler, crtPath, keyPath, enableHTTP2)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return newHTTPBridgePluginFromServer(server, useSourceRemoteAddr), nil
-}
-
-// newHTTPSBridgePluginServerWithTLSConfig builds an HTTPS bridge plugin from a pre-built
-// tls.Config. It is used by features such as autoTLS that supply their own certificate provider.
-func newHTTPSBridgePluginServerWithTLSConfig(
-	handler http.Handler,
-	tlsConfig *tls.Config,
-	enableHTTP2 *bool,
-	useSourceRemoteAddr bool,
-) *httpBridgePlugin {
-	server := httpsserver.NewWithTLSConfig(handler, tlsConfig, enableHTTP2)
-	return newHTTPBridgePluginFromServer(server, useSourceRemoteAddr)
-}
-
-func newHTTPBridgePluginFromServer(server *http.Server, useSourceRemoteAddr bool) *httpBridgePlugin {
-	listener := NewProxyListener()
 	p := &httpBridgePlugin{
 		l:                   listener,
 		s:                   server,
@@ -110,7 +93,7 @@ func newHTTPBridgePluginFromServer(server *http.Server, useSourceRemoteAddr bool
 	go func() {
 		_ = p.s.ServeTLS(listener, "", "")
 	}()
-	return p
+	return p, nil
 }
 
 func newHTTPBridgeReverseProxy(

pkg/plugin/client/https2http.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package client
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http/httputil"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPPlugin struct {
 	*httpBridgePlugin
 }
 
-func NewHTTPS2HTTPPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
+func NewHTTPS2HTTPPlugin(_ PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
 	opts := options.(*v1.HTTPS2HTTPPluginOptions)
 
 	p := &HTTPS2HTTPPlugin{
@@ -50,15 +49,6 @@ func NewHTTPS2HTTPPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions
 		nil,
 	)
 
-	if p.opts.AutoTLS != nil && p.opts.AutoTLS.Enable {
-		tlsConfig, err := buildAutoTLSServerConfigWithHosts(pluginCtx.Name, p.opts.AutoTLS, pluginCtx.HostAllowList)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("build autoTLS config error: %v", err)
-		}
-		p.httpBridgePlugin = newHTTPSBridgePluginServerWithTLSConfig(rp, tlsConfig, opts.EnableHTTP2, true)
-		return p, nil
-	}
-
 	server, err := newHTTPSBridgePluginServer(rp, p.opts.CrtPath, p.opts.KeyPath, opts.EnableHTTP2, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

pkg/plugin/client/https2https.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"crypto/tls"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httputil"
 
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ type HTTPS2HTTPSPlugin struct {
 	*httpBridgePlugin
 }
 
-func NewHTTPS2HTTPSPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
+func NewHTTPS2HTTPSPlugin(_ PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
 	opts := options.(*v1.HTTPS2HTTPSPluginOptions)
 
 	p := &HTTPS2HTTPSPlugin{
@@ -56,15 +55,6 @@ func NewHTTPS2HTTPSPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOption
 		tr,
 	)
 
-	if p.opts.AutoTLS != nil && p.opts.AutoTLS.Enable {
-		tlsConfig, err := buildAutoTLSServerConfigWithHosts(pluginCtx.Name, p.opts.AutoTLS, pluginCtx.HostAllowList)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("build autoTLS config error: %v", err)
-		}
-		p.httpBridgePlugin = newHTTPSBridgePluginServerWithTLSConfig(rp, tlsConfig, opts.EnableHTTP2, true)
-		return p, nil
-	}
-
 	server, err := newHTTPSBridgePluginServer(rp, p.opts.CrtPath, p.opts.KeyPath, opts.EnableHTTP2, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

pkg/plugin/client/internal/httpsserver/server.go

@@ -33,12 +33,7 @@ func New(handler http.Handler, crtPath, keyPath string, enableHTTP2 *bool) (*htt
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gen TLS config error: %v", err)
 	}
-	return NewWithTLSConfig(handler, tlsConfig, enableHTTP2), nil
-}
 
-// NewWithTLSConfig builds an HTTPS server from a pre-built tls.Config.
-// It is used by features such as autoTLS that supply their own certificate provider.
-func NewWithTLSConfig(handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config, enableHTTP2 *bool) *http.Server {
 	server := &http.Server{
 		Handler:           withMisdirectedRequestCheck(handler),
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: 60 * time.Second,
@@ -47,7 +42,7 @@ func NewWithTLSConfig(handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config, enableHTTP2 *
 	if !lo.FromPtr(enableHTTP2) {
 		server.TLSNextProto = make(map[string]func(*http.Server, *tls.Conn, http.Handler))
 	}
-	return server
+	return server, nil
 }
 
 func withMisdirectedRequestCheck(handler http.Handler) http.Handler {

pkg/plugin/client/plugin.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 
 type PluginContext struct {
 	Name           string
-	HostAllowList  []string
 	VnetController *vnet.Controller
 }
 

pkg/plugin/client/tls2raw.go

@@ -39,25 +39,16 @@ type TLS2RawPlugin struct {
 	tlsConfig *tls.Config
 }
 
-func NewTLS2RawPlugin(pluginCtx PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
+func NewTLS2RawPlugin(_ PluginContext, options v1.ClientPluginOptions) (Plugin, error) {
 	opts := options.(*v1.TLS2RawPluginOptions)
 
 	p := &TLS2RawPlugin{
 		opts: opts,
 	}
 
-	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
-	var err error
-	if p.opts.AutoTLS != nil && p.opts.AutoTLS.Enable {
-		tlsConfig, err = buildAutoTLSServerConfigWithHosts(pluginCtx.Name, p.opts.AutoTLS, pluginCtx.HostAllowList)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	} else {
-		tlsConfig, err = transport.NewServerTLSConfig(p.opts.CrtPath, p.opts.KeyPath, "")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+	tlsConfig, err := transport.NewServerTLSConfig(p.opts.CrtPath, p.opts.KeyPath, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	p.tlsConfig = tlsConfig
 	return p, nil
@@ -81,6 +72,15 @@ func (p *TLS2RawPlugin) Handle(ctx context.Context, connInfo *ConnectionInfo) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if connInfo.ProxyProtocolHeader != nil {
+		if _, err := connInfo.ProxyProtocolHeader.WriteTo(rawConn); err != nil {
+			xl.Warnf("tls2raw write proxy protocol header to local conn error: %v", err)
+			rawConn.Close()
+			tlsConn.Close()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	libio.Join(tlsConn, rawConn)
 }
 

pkg/plugin/server/manager_test.go

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ package server
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
-	charmlog "github.com/charmbracelet/log"
+	goliblog "github.com/fatedier/golib/log"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 	frplog "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/log"
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ type testPlugin struct {
 var logCaptureMu sync.Mutex
 
 type logCapture struct {
-	mu  sync.Mutex
-	buf bytes.Buffer
+	bytes.Buffer
+	levels []goliblog.Level
 }
 
 func (p testPlugin) Name() string {
@@ -55,36 +55,9 @@ func (p testPlugin) Handle(ctx context.Context, op string, content any) (*Respon
 	return p.handler(ctx, op, content)
 }
 
-func (w *logCapture) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	w.mu.Lock()
-	defer w.mu.Unlock()
-	return w.buf.Write(p)
-}
-
-func (w *logCapture) String() string {
-	w.mu.Lock()
-	defer w.mu.Unlock()
-	return w.buf.String()
-}
-
-// levels parses the captured JSON log output and returns the level of each entry.
-func (w *logCapture) levels() []charmlog.Level {
-	var levels []charmlog.Level
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(w.String()), "\n") {
-		if line == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		var entry struct {
-			Level string `json:"level"`
-		}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &entry); err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if lvl, err := charmlog.ParseLevel(entry.Level); err == nil {
-			levels = append(levels, lvl)
-		}
-	}
-	return levels
+func (w *logCapture) WriteLog(p []byte, level goliblog.Level, _ time.Time) (int, error) {
+	w.levels = append(w.levels, level)
+	return w.Write(p)
 }
 
 func captureLogOutput(t *testing.T) *logCapture {
@@ -93,10 +66,11 @@ func captureLogOutput(t *testing.T) *logCapture {
 	logCaptureMu.Lock()
 	logOutput := &logCapture{}
 	oldLogger := frplog.Logger
-	frplog.Logger = charmlog.NewWithOptions(logOutput, charmlog.Options{
-		Level:     charmlog.DebugLevel,
-		Formatter: charmlog.JSONFormatter,
-	})
+	frplog.Logger = goliblog.New(
+		goliblog.WithOutput(logOutput),
+		goliblog.WithLevel(goliblog.TraceLevel),
+		goliblog.WithCaller(false),
+	)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		frplog.Logger = oldLogger
 		logCaptureMu.Unlock()
@@ -289,10 +263,10 @@ func TestManagerMutableContentPluginErrorLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name  string
 		op    string
-		level charmlog.Level
+		level goliblog.Level
 	}{
-		{name: "default warning", op: OpLogin, level: charmlog.WarnLevel},
-		{name: "new user conn info", op: OpNewUserConn, level: charmlog.InfoLevel},
+		{name: "default warning", op: OpLogin, level: goliblog.WarnLevel},
+		{name: "new user conn info", op: OpNewUserConn, level: goliblog.InfoLevel},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -314,9 +288,8 @@ func TestManagerMutableContentPluginErrorLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
 			if want := "send " + tt.op + " request to plugin error"; err.Error() != want {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			}
-			levels := logOutput.levels()
-			if len(levels) != 1 || levels[0] != tt.level {
-				t.Fatalf("expected log level %v, got %v in %q", tt.level, levels, logOutput.String())
+			if len(logOutput.levels) != 1 || logOutput.levels[0] != tt.level {
+				t.Fatalf("expected log level %v, got %v in %q", tt.level, logOutput.levels, logOutput.String())
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -352,13 +325,12 @@ func TestManagerCloseProxyAggregatesErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "[first]: first error") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "[second]: second error") {
 		t.Fatalf("missing aggregated errors: %v", err)
 	}
-	levels := logOutput.levels()
-	if len(levels) != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected two warning logs, got %v", levels)
+	if len(logOutput.levels) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected two warning logs, got %v", logOutput.levels)
 	}
-	for _, level := range levels {
-		if level != charmlog.WarnLevel {
-			t.Fatalf("expected warning log level, got %v", levels)
+	for _, level := range logOutput.levels {
+		if level != goliblog.WarnLevel {
+			t.Fatalf("expected warning log level, got %v", logOutput.levels)
 		}
 	}
 }

pkg/proto/wire/crypto.go

@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ func NewServerHello(clientHello ClientHello) (ServerHello, error) {
 	return ServerHello{
 		Selected: ServerSelection{
 			Message: MessageSelection{
-				Codec: MessageCodecJSON,
+				Codec:          MessageCodecJSON,
+				UDPPacketCodec: selectUDPPacketCodec(clientHello.Capabilities.Message.UDPPacketCodecs),
 			},
 			Crypto: CryptoSelection{
 				Algorithm:    algorithm,
@@ -92,6 +93,15 @@ func ValidateServerHelloForClient(clientHello ClientHello, serverHello ServerHel
 	if serverHello.Selected.Message.Codec != MessageCodecJSON {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported selected message codec: %s", serverHello.Selected.Message.Codec)
 	}
+	udpPacketCodec := serverHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec
+	if udpPacketCodec != "" {
+		if udpPacketCodec != UDPPacketCodecBinary {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported selected UDP packet codec: %s", udpPacketCodec)
+		}
+		if !Supports(clientHello.Capabilities.Message.UDPPacketCodecs, udpPacketCodec) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("selected UDP packet codec was not advertised by client: %s", udpPacketCodec)
+		}
+	}
 	cryptoSelection := serverHello.Selected.Crypto
 	if !IsSupportedAEADAlgorithm(cryptoSelection.Algorithm) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown selected crypto algorithm: %s", cryptoSelection.Algorithm)
@@ -105,6 +115,13 @@ func ValidateServerHelloForClient(clientHello ClientHello, serverHello ServerHel
 	return nil
 }
 
+func selectUDPPacketCodec(codecs []string) string {
+	if Supports(codecs, UDPPacketCodecBinary) {
+		return UDPPacketCodecBinary
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func NewCryptoContext(algorithm string, clientHelloPayload, serverHelloPayload []byte) *CryptoContext {
 	return &CryptoContext{
 		Algorithm:      algorithm,

pkg/proto/wire/wire.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ const (
 	FrameTypeMessage     uint16 = 16
 
 	MessageCodecJSON           = "json"
+	UDPPacketCodecBinary       = "binary-v1"
 	DefaultMaxFramePayloadSize = 64 * 1024
 
 	MagicV2 = "FRP\x00\x02\r\n"
@@ -182,7 +183,8 @@ type ClientCapabilities struct {
 }
 
 type MessageCapabilities struct {
-	Codecs []string `json:"codecs,omitempty"`
+	Codecs          []string `json:"codecs,omitempty"`
+	UDPPacketCodecs []string `json:"udpPacketCodecs,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type CryptoCapabilities struct {
@@ -201,7 +203,8 @@ type ServerSelection struct {
 }
 
 type MessageSelection struct {
-	Codec string `json:"codec,omitempty"`
+	Codec          string `json:"codec,omitempty"`
+	UDPPacketCodec string `json:"udpPacketCodec,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type CryptoSelection struct {
@@ -214,7 +217,8 @@ func clientHelloWithCryptoRandom(bootstrap BootstrapInfo, clientRandom []byte) C
 		Bootstrap: bootstrap,
 		Capabilities: ClientCapabilities{
 			Message: MessageCapabilities{
-				Codecs: []string{MessageCodecJSON},
+				Codecs:          []string{MessageCodecJSON},
+				UDPPacketCodecs: []string{UDPPacketCodecBinary},
 			},
 			Crypto: CryptoCapabilities{
 				Algorithms:   PreferredAEADAlgorithms(),

pkg/proto/wire/wire_test.go

@@ -148,10 +148,40 @@ func TestNewServerHelloSelectsFirstSupportedAEADAlgorithm(t *testing.T) {
 	serverHello, err := NewServerHello(hello)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, MessageCodecJSON, serverHello.Selected.Message.Codec)
+	require.Equal(t, UDPPacketCodecBinary, serverHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec)
 	require.Equal(t, AEADAlgorithmXChaCha20Poly1305, serverHello.Selected.Crypto.Algorithm)
 	require.Len(t, serverHello.Selected.Crypto.ServerRandom, CryptoRandomSize)
 }
 
+func TestUDPPacketCodecNegotiationFallbackAndValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	hello := mustClientHello(t, BootstrapInfo{})
+	serverHello, err := NewServerHello(hello)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, UDPPacketCodecBinary, serverHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec)
+	require.NoError(t, ValidateServerHelloForClient(hello, serverHello))
+
+	legacyHello := hello
+	legacyHello.Capabilities.Message.UDPPacketCodecs = nil
+	legacyServerHello, err := NewServerHello(legacyHello)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, legacyServerHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec)
+	require.NoError(t, ValidateServerHelloForClient(legacyHello, legacyServerHello))
+
+	unknownOffer := hello
+	unknownOffer.Capabilities.Message.UDPPacketCodecs = []string{"unknown"}
+	unknownServerHello, err := NewServerHello(unknownOffer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, unknownServerHello.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec)
+
+	rejected := serverHello
+	rejected.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec = "unknown"
+	require.ErrorContains(t, ValidateServerHelloForClient(hello, rejected), "unsupported selected UDP packet codec")
+
+	unadvertised := serverHello
+	unadvertised.Selected.Message.UDPPacketCodec = UDPPacketCodecBinary
+	require.ErrorContains(t, ValidateServerHelloForClient(legacyHello, unadvertised), "was not advertised")
+}
+
 func TestNewClientCryptoContextValidatesServerHello(t *testing.T) {
 	hello := mustClientHello(t, BootstrapInfo{})
 	serverHello, err := NewServerHello(hello)

pkg/ssh/server.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ package ssh
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@ type tcpipForward struct {
 	Port uint32
 }
 
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4254#section-6.5
+type execPayload struct {
+	Command string
+}
+
 // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4254#page-16
 type forwardedTCPPayload struct {
 	Addr string
@@ -309,14 +313,13 @@ func (s *TunnelServer) handleNewChannel(channel ssh.NewChannel, extraPayloadCh c
 		if req.WantReply {
 			_ = req.Reply(true, nil)
 		}
-		if req.Type != "exec" || len(req.Payload) <= 4 {
+		if req.Type != "exec" {
 			continue
 		}
-		end := 4 + binary.BigEndian.Uint32(req.Payload[:4])
-		if len(req.Payload) < int(end) {
+		extraPayload, ok := parseExecPayload(req.Payload)
+		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		extraPayload := string(req.Payload[4:end])
 		select {
 		case extraPayloadCh <- extraPayload:
 		default:
@@ -324,6 +327,14 @@ func (s *TunnelServer) handleNewChannel(channel ssh.NewChannel, extraPayloadCh c
 	}
 }
 
+func parseExecPayload(payload []byte) (string, bool) {
+	var msg execPayload
+	if err := ssh.Unmarshal(payload, &msg); err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return msg.Command, true
+}
+
 func (s *TunnelServer) keepAlive(ch ssh.Channel) {
 	tk := time.NewTicker(time.Second * 30)
 	defer tk.Stop()

pkg/ssh/server_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+func TestParseExecPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	payload := cryptossh.Marshal(&execPayload{Command: "tcp --remote_port 6000"})
+
+	got, ok := parseExecPayload(payload)
+
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, "tcp --remote_port 6000", got)
+}
+
+func TestParseExecPayloadRejectsMalformedPayloads(t *testing.T) {
+	overflowLength := make([]byte, 5)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(overflowLength[:4], ^uint32(0))
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		payload []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "empty",
+			payload: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "short length prefix",
+			payload: []byte{0, 0, 0},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "declared length exceeds remaining payload",
+			payload: []byte{0, 0, 0, 2, 'x'},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "overflow length",
+			payload: overflowLength,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var (
+				got string
+				ok  bool
+			)
+			require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+				got, ok = parseExecPayload(tc.payload)
+			})
+			require.False(t, ok)
+			require.Empty(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/util/banner/banner.go

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package banner
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/log"
-	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/version"
-)
-
-func DisplayBanner() {
-	fmt.Println("    __          ___       __________  ____        ________    ____")
-	fmt.Println("   / /   ____  / (_)___ _/ ____/ __ \\/ __ \\      / ____/ /   /  _/")
-	fmt.Println("  / /   / __ \\/ / / __ `/ /_  / /_/ / /_/ /_____/ /   / /    / /  ")
-	fmt.Println(" / /___/ /_/ / / / /_/ / __/ / _, _/ ____/_____/ /___/ /____/ /   ")
-	fmt.Println("/_____/\\____/_/_/\\__,_/_/   /_/ |_/_/          \\____/_____/___/   ")
-	fmt.Println("                                                                  ")
-	log.Infof("Nya! %s 启动中", version.Full())
-}

pkg/util/log/log.go

@@ -16,18 +16,13 @@ package log
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss"
-	"github.com/charmbracelet/log"
+	"github.com/fatedier/golib/log"
 )
 
 var (
-	TraceLevel = log.DebugLevel
+	TraceLevel = log.TraceLevel
 	DebugLevel = log.DebugLevel
 	InfoLevel  = log.InfoLevel
 	WarnLevel  = log.WarnLevel
@@ -37,158 +32,39 @@ var (
 var Logger *log.Logger
 
 func init() {
-	Logger = log.NewWithOptions(os.Stderr, log.Options{
-		ReportCaller:    true,
-		ReportTimestamp: true,
-		TimeFormat:      time.Kitchen,
-		Prefix:          "LoliaFRP-CLI",
-		CallerOffset:    1,
-	})
-	// 设置自定义样式以支持 Trace 级别
-	styles := log.DefaultStyles()
-	styles.Levels[TraceLevel] = lipgloss.NewStyle().
-		SetString("TRACE").
-		Bold(true).
-		MaxWidth(5).
-		Foreground(lipgloss.Color("61"))
-	Logger.SetStyles(styles)
+	Logger = log.New(
+		log.WithCaller(true),
+		log.AddCallerSkip(1),
+		log.WithLevel(log.InfoLevel),
+	)
 }
 
 func InitLogger(logPath string, levelStr string, maxDays int, disableLogColor bool) {
-	var output io.Writer
-	var err error
-
+	options := []log.Option{}
 	if logPath == "console" {
-		output = os.Stdout
-	} else {
-		// Use rotating file writer
-		output, err = NewRotateFileWriter(logPath, maxDays)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Fallback to console if file creation fails
-			output = os.Stdout
+		if !disableLogColor {
+			options = append(options,
+				log.WithOutput(log.NewConsoleWriter(log.ConsoleConfig{
+					Colorful: true,
+				}, os.Stdout)),
+			)
 		}
+	} else {
+		writer := log.NewRotateFileWriter(log.RotateFileConfig{
+			FileName: logPath,
+			Mode:     log.RotateFileModeDaily,
+			MaxDays:  maxDays,
+		})
+		writer.Init()
+		options = append(options, log.WithOutput(writer))
 	}
 
 	level, err := log.ParseLevel(levelStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		level = log.InfoLevel
 	}
-
-	Logger = log.NewWithOptions(output, log.Options{
-		ReportCaller:    true,
-		ReportTimestamp: true,
-		TimeFormat:      time.Kitchen,
-		Prefix:          "LoliaFRP-CLI",
-		CallerOffset:    1,
-		Level:           level,
-	})
-}
-
-// NewRotateFileWriter creates a rotating file writer
-func NewRotateFileWriter(filePath string, maxDays int) (*RotateFileWriter, error) {
-	w := &RotateFileWriter{
-		filePath:    filePath,
-		maxDays:     maxDays,
-		lastRotate:  time.Now(),
-		currentDate: time.Now().Format("2006-01-02"),
-	}
-
-	if err := w.openFile(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return w, nil
-}
-
-// RotateFileWriter implements io.Writer with daily rotation
-type RotateFileWriter struct {
-	filePath    string
-	maxDays     int
-	file        *os.File
-	lastRotate  time.Time
-	currentDate string
-}
-
-func (w *RotateFileWriter) openFile() error {
-	var err error
-	w.file, err = os.OpenFile(w.filePath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644)
-	return err
-}
-
-func (w *RotateFileWriter) checkRotate() error {
-	now := time.Now()
-	currentDate := now.Format("2006-01-02")
-
-	if currentDate != w.currentDate {
-		// Close current file
-		if w.file != nil {
-			w.file.Close()
-		}
-
-		// Rename current file with date suffix
-		oldPath := w.filePath
-		newPath := w.filePath + "." + w.currentDate
-		if _, err := os.Stat(oldPath); err == nil {
-			if err := os.Rename(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Clean up old log files
-		w.cleanupOldLogs(now)
-
-		// Update current date and open new file
-		w.currentDate = currentDate
-		w.lastRotate = now
-		return w.openFile()
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (w *RotateFileWriter) cleanupOldLogs(now time.Time) {
-	if w.maxDays <= 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	cutoffDate := now.AddDate(0, 0, -w.maxDays)
-
-	// Find and remove old log files
-	dir := filepath.Dir(w.filePath)
-	base := filepath.Base(w.filePath)
-
-	files, _ := os.ReadDir(dir)
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if f.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		name := f.Name()
-		if strings.HasPrefix(name, base+".") {
-			// Extract date from filename (base.YYYY-MM-DD)
-			dateStr := strings.TrimPrefix(name, base+".")
-			if len(dateStr) == 10 {
-				fileDate, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", dateStr)
-				if err == nil && fileDate.Before(cutoffDate) {
-					os.Remove(filepath.Join(dir, name))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *RotateFileWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if err := w.checkRotate(); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return w.file.Write(p)
-}
-
-func (w *RotateFileWriter) Close() error {
-	if w.file != nil {
-		return w.file.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
+	options = append(options, log.WithLevel(level))
+	Logger = Logger.WithOptions(options...)
 }
 
 func Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
@@ -199,10 +75,6 @@ func Warnf(format string, v ...any) {
 	Logger.Warnf(format, v...)
 }
 
-func Info(format string, v ...any) {
-	Logger.Info(format, v...)
-}
-
 func Infof(format string, v ...any) {
 	Logger.Infof(format, v...)
 }
@@ -212,12 +84,11 @@ func Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
 }
 
 func Tracef(format string, v ...any) {
-	Logger.Logf(TraceLevel, format, v...)
+	Logger.Tracef(format, v...)
 }
 
 func Logf(level log.Level, offset int, format string, v ...any) {
-	// charmbracelet/log doesn't support offset, so we ignore it
-	Logger.Logf(level, format, v...)
+	Logger.Logf(level, offset, format, v...)
 }
 
 type WriteLogger struct {
@@ -233,8 +104,6 @@ func NewWriteLogger(level log.Level, offset int) *WriteLogger {
 }
 
 func (w *WriteLogger) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	// charmbracelet/log doesn't support offset in Log
-	msg := string(bytes.TrimRight(p, "\n"))
-	Logger.Log(w.level, msg)
+	Logger.Log(w.level, w.offset, string(bytes.TrimRight(p, "\n")))
 	return len(p), nil
 }

pkg/util/net/conn.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package net
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/hkdf"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 
 	libcrypto "github.com/fatedier/golib/crypto"
 	quic "github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/hkdf"
 
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
@@ -335,11 +335,6 @@ func deriveAEADControlKeys(key []byte, algorithm string, transcriptHash []byte)
 }
 
 func deriveAEADControlKey(key []byte, algorithm string, transcriptHash []byte, direction string) ([]byte, error) {
-	info := []byte(aeadControlHKDFInfoPrefix + " " + algorithm + " " + direction)
-	reader := hkdf.New(sha256.New, key, transcriptHash, info)
-	out := make([]byte, libcrypto.AEADKeySize)
-	if _, err := io.ReadFull(reader, out); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
+	info := aeadControlHKDFInfoPrefix + " " + algorithm + " " + direction
+	return hkdf.Key(sha256.New, key, transcriptHash, info, libcrypto.AEADKeySize)
 }

pkg/util/net/conn_test.go

@@ -114,5 +114,11 @@ func TestDeriveAEADControlKeysUsesDistinctDirections(t *testing.T) {
 		bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x44}, 32),
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []byte{
+		0xa0, 0x58, 0xcd, 0x02, 0x5d, 0x96, 0x98, 0x5f,
+		0xeb, 0xeb, 0xff, 0x79, 0xa1, 0x9f, 0x62, 0xb7,
+		0x15, 0xe0, 0x53, 0x91, 0x3d, 0xfc, 0x74, 0x77,
+		0x05, 0x91, 0x4c, 0x62, 0x4b, 0xf3, 0xd4, 0x95,
+	}, clientToServerKey)
 	require.NotEqual(t, clientToServerKey, serverToClientKey)
 }

pkg/util/net/dial.go

@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ func DialHookWebsocket(protocol string, host string) libnet.AfterHookFunc {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, err
 		}
+		// The tunnel payload is a raw byte stream (yamux), not UTF-8 text.
+		// Send it as binary frames; otherwise RFC 6455-compliant intermediaries
+		// (e.g. API gateways/reverse proxies) UTF-8-validate the default text
+		// frames and close the connection on invalid bytes.
+		conn.PayloadType = websocket.BinaryFrame
 		return ctx, conn, nil
 	}
 }

pkg/util/net/dns.go

@@ -17,15 +17,9 @@ package net
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
-	"strings"
 )
 
 func SetDefaultDNSAddress(dnsAddress string) {
-	// DNS-over-HTTPS endpoint, e.g. https://1.1.1.1/dns-query
-	if strings.HasPrefix(dnsAddress, "https://") {
-		SetDefaultDNSOverHTTPS(dnsAddress)
-		return
-	}
 	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(dnsAddress); err != nil {
 		dnsAddress = net.JoinHostPort(dnsAddress, "53")
 	}

pkg/util/net/doh.go

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Lolia Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-package net
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-)
-
-const (
-	dohMimeType        = "application/dns-message"
-	dohMaxResponseSize = 65535
-	dohRequestTimeout  = 10 * time.Second
-)
-
-// SetDefaultDNSOverHTTPS replaces net.DefaultResolver with one that sends
-// DNS queries to the given DNS-over-HTTPS (RFC 8484) endpoint,
-// e.g. "https://1.1.1.1/dns-query" or "https://dns.google/dns-query".
-func SetDefaultDNSOverHTTPS(dohURL string) {
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: dohRequestTimeout,
-		Transport: &http.Transport{
-			Proxy: http.ProxyFromEnvironment,
-			DialContext: (&net.Dialer{
-				Timeout: dohRequestTimeout,
-				// Use a fresh resolver to look up the DoH server hostname itself,
-				// avoiding infinite recursion through net.DefaultResolver.
-				Resolver: &net.Resolver{},
-			}).DialContext,
-			MaxIdleConns:        10,
-			IdleConnTimeout:     90 * time.Second,
-			TLSHandshakeTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
-			ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
-		},
-	}
-	net.DefaultResolver = &net.Resolver{
-		PreferGo: true,
-		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return &dohConn{
-				ctx:     ctx,
-				client:  client,
-				url:     dohURL,
-				network: network,
-			}, nil
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// dohConn adapts the DNS wire-format messages exchanged by net.Resolver
-// into DNS-over-HTTPS requests. Since dohConn does not implement
-// net.PacketConn, the resolver always uses stream (TCP-style) framing with a
-// 2-byte big-endian length prefix, regardless of the dialed network. The
-// resolver writes a query and then reads the response from the same
-// connection; the HTTP round trip happens synchronously inside Write.
-type dohConn struct {
-	ctx     context.Context
-	client  *http.Client
-	url     string
-	network string
-
-	mu       sync.Mutex
-	deadline time.Time
-	reqBuf   bytes.Buffer // unprocessed request bytes
-	respBuf  bytes.Buffer // response stream with 2-byte length prefixes
-}
-
-func (c *dohConn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	c.reqBuf.Write(b)
-	for {
-		data := c.reqBuf.Bytes()
-		if len(data) < 2 {
-			break
-		}
-		msgLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data))
-		if len(data) < 2+msgLen {
-			break
-		}
-		msg := make([]byte, msgLen)
-		copy(msg, data[2:2+msgLen])
-		c.reqBuf.Next(2 + msgLen)
-
-		resp, err := c.roundTrip(msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-		var lenBuf [2]byte
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(lenBuf[:], uint16(len(resp)))
-		c.respBuf.Write(lenBuf[:])
-		c.respBuf.Write(resp)
-	}
-	return len(b), nil
-}
-
-func (c *dohConn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if c.respBuf.Len() == 0 {
-		return 0, io.EOF
-	}
-	return c.respBuf.Read(b)
-}
-
-func (c *dohConn) roundTrip(query []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	ctx := c.ctx
-	if !c.deadline.IsZero() {
-		var cancel context.CancelFunc
-		ctx, cancel = context.WithDeadline(ctx, c.deadline)
-		defer cancel()
-	}
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.url, bytes.NewReader(query))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", dohMimeType)
-	req.Header.Set("Accept", dohMimeType)
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("doh server %s returned status %d", c.url, resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, dohMaxResponseSize+1))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if len(body) > dohMaxResponseSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("doh response from %s exceeds %d bytes", c.url, dohMaxResponseSize)
-	}
-	return body, nil
-}
-
-func (c *dohConn) Close() error { return nil }
-
-func (c *dohConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr  { return &dohAddr{network: c.network, addr: "doh-client"} }
-func (c *dohConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return &dohAddr{network: c.network, addr: c.url} }
-
-func (c *dohConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	c.deadline = t
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *dohConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error  { return c.SetDeadline(t) }
-func (c *dohConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error { return c.SetDeadline(t) }
-
-type dohAddr struct {
-	network string
-	addr    string
-}
-
-func (a *dohAddr) Network() string { return a.network }
-func (a *dohAddr) String() string  { return a.addr }

pkg/util/net/websocket.go

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ func NewWebsocketListener(ln net.Listener) (wl *WebsocketListener) {
 
 	muxer := http.NewServeMux()
 	muxer.Handle(FrpWebsocketPath, websocket.Handler(func(c *websocket.Conn) {
+		// The tunnel payload is a raw byte stream (yamux), not UTF-8 text.
+		// Send it as binary frames; otherwise RFC 6455-compliant intermediaries
+		// (e.g. API gateways/reverse proxies) UTF-8-validate the default text
+		// frames and close the connection on invalid bytes.
+		c.PayloadType = websocket.BinaryFrame
 		notifyCh := make(chan struct{})
 		conn := WrapCloseNotifyConn(c, func(_ error) {
 			close(notifyCh)

pkg/util/version/version.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 package version
 
-var version = "LoliaFRP-CLI 0.69.1"
+var version = "0.70.1"
 
 func Full() string {
 	return version

pkg/util/vhost/http.go

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ import (
 
 	libio "github.com/fatedier/golib/io"
 	"github.com/fatedier/golib/pool"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
 
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/log"
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ func NewHTTPReverseProxy(option HTTPReverseProxyOptions, vhostRouter *Routers) *
 			_, _ = rw.Write(getNotFoundPageContent())
 		},
 	}
-	rp.proxy = h2c.NewHandler(proxy, &http2.Server{})
+	rp.proxy = proxy
 	return rp
 }
 

pkg/util/vhost/http_test.go

@@ -1,14 +1,94 @@
 package vhost
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
 )
 
+func TestHTTPServerProtocols(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewHTTPReverseProxy(HTTPReverseProxyOptions{}, NewRouters())
+	protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+	protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+	protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+	server := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           rp,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+		Protocols:         protocols,
+	}
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serveErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		serveErr <- server.Serve(listener)
+	}()
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, server.Close())
+		require.ErrorIs(t, <-serveErr, http.ErrServerClosed)
+	}()
+
+	require.True(t, server.Protocols.HTTP1())
+	require.True(t, server.Protocols.UnencryptedHTTP2())
+
+	t.Run("HTTP/1.1", func(t *testing.T) {
+		transport := &http.Transport{Protocols: httpProtocols(true, false)}
+		defer transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+		client := &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+		response, err := client.Get("http://" + listener.Addr().String() + "/")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer response.Body.Close()
+
+		require.Equal(t, "HTTP/1.1", response.Proto)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, response.StatusCode)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("HTTP/2 prior knowledge", func(t *testing.T) {
+		transport := &http.Transport{Protocols: httpProtocols(false, true)}
+		defer transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+		client := &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+		response, err := client.Get("http://" + listener.Addr().String() + "/")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer response.Body.Close()
+
+		require.Equal(t, "HTTP/2.0", response.Proto)
+		require.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, response.StatusCode)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("HTTP/1.1 Upgrade h2c", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn,
+			"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n"+
+				"Connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings\r\nUpgrade: h2c\r\n"+
+				"HTTP2-Settings: AAMAAABkAAQCAAAAAAIAAAAA\r\n\r\n",
+			listener.Addr())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		response, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(conn), nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer response.Body.Close()
+
+		require.NotEqual(t, http.StatusSwitchingProtocols, response.StatusCode)
+	})
+}
+
+func httpProtocols(http1, unencryptedHTTP2 bool) *http.Protocols {
+	protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+	protocols.SetHTTP1(http1)
+	protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(unencryptedHTTP2)
+	return protocols
+}
+
 func TestCheckRouteAuthByRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	rc := &RouteConfig{
 		Username: "alice",

pkg/util/vhost/resource.go

@@ -28,70 +28,23 @@ var NotFoundPagePath = ""
 
 const (
 	NotFound = `<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html>
 <head>
-    <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-    <title>404 - 未绑定域名</title>
-    <style>
-        body {
-            font-family: -apple-system, sans-serif;
-            display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            justify-content: center;
-            min-height: 100vh;
-            margin: 0;
-            background: #fff;
-            color: #333;
-        }
-        .container {
-            max-width: 600px;
-            padding: 40px 20px;
-            text-align: center;
-        }
-        h1 { 
-            font-size: 32px; 
-            font-weight: 600;
-            margin-bottom: 20px; 
-        }
-        p { 
-            line-height: 1.8; 
-            color: #666; 
-            margin: 10px 0;
-        }
-        ul {
-            text-align: left;
-            margin: 20px auto;
-            max-width: 400px;
-        }
-        li {
-            margin: 8px 0;
-            color: #666;
-        }
-        a { 
-            color: #0066cc; 
-            text-decoration: none;
-        }
-        a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
-        .footer {
-            margin-top: 40px;
-            font-size: 14px;
-            color: #999;
-        }
-    </style>
+<title>Not Found</title>
+<style>
+    body {
+        width: 35em;
+        margin: 0 auto;
+        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
+    }
+</style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <h1>域名未绑定</h1>
-        <p>这个域名还没有绑定到任何隧道哦 (；д；)</p>
-        <p><strong>可能是这些原因：</strong></p>
-        <ul>
-            <li>域名配置不对，或者没有正确解析</li>
-            <li>隧道可能还没启动，或者已经停止</li>
-            <li>自定义域名忘记在服务端配置了</li>
-        </ul>
-        <div class="footer">由 <a href="https://lolia.link/">LoliaFRP</a> 与捐赠者们用爱发电</div>
-    </div>
+<h1>The page you requested was not found.</h1>
+<p>Sorry, the page you are looking for is currently unavailable.<br/>
+Please try again later.</p>
+<p>The server is powered by <a href="https://github.com/fatedier/frp">frp</a>.</p>
+<p><em>Faithfully yours, frp.</em></p>
 </body>
 </html>
 `
@@ -116,7 +69,7 @@ func getNotFoundPageContent() []byte {
 
 func NotFoundResponse() *http.Response {
 	header := make(http.Header)
-	header.Set("server", version.Full())
+	header.Set("server", "frp/"+version.Full())
 	header.Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
 
 	content := getNotFoundPageContent()

pkg/util/xlog/xlog.go

@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ func (l *Logger) Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
 }
 
 func (l *Logger) Tracef(format string, v ...any) {
-	log.Logger.Logf(log.TraceLevel, l.prefixString+format, v...)
+	log.Logger.Tracef(l.prefixString+format, v...)
 }

server/api_router.go

@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@ func (svr *Service) registerRouteHandlers(helper *httppkg.RouterRegisterHelper)
 		subRouter.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
 	}
 
-	apiController := adminapi.NewController(svr.cfg, svr.clientRegistry, svr.pxyManager, svr.ctlManager)
+	apiController := adminapi.NewController(svr.cfg, svr.clientRegistry, svr.pxyManager)
 
 	// apis
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/serverinfo", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIServerInfo)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxy/{type}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIProxyByType)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxy/{type}/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIProxyByTypeAndName)).Methods("GET")
-	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxy/{name}/close", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APICloseProxyByName)).Methods("POST")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIProxyByName)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/traffic/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIProxyTraffic)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.APIClientList)).Methods("GET")
@@ -50,10 +49,15 @@ func (svr *Service) registerRouteHandlers(helper *httppkg.RouterRegisterHelper)
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(apiController.DeleteProxies)).Methods("DELETE")
 
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/users", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2UserList)).Methods("GET")
+	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/info", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2SystemInfo)).Methods("GET")
+	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/prune", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2SystemPrune)).Methods("POST")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ClientList)).Methods("GET")
-	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods("GET")
+	v2EncodedPathRouter := subRouter.NewRoute().Subrouter()
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.UseEncodedPath()
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods("GET")
 	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyList)).Methods("GET")
-	subRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods("GET")
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyTraffic)).Methods("GET")
+	v2EncodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(apiController.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods("GET")
 
 	// view
 	subRouter.Handle("/favicon.ico", http.FileServer(helper.AssetsFS)).Methods("GET")

server/control.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -40,103 +42,316 @@ import (
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
 )
 
+type ControlID uint64
+
+var nextControlID atomic.Uint64
+
+const workConnPoolCapacityOffset = 10
+
+type controlEntry struct {
+	ctl *Control
+	id  ControlID
+	// runMu serializes lifecycle and routing decisions for one run ID.
+	// Replacements inherit it; removing the entry releases the manager's reference.
+	runMu *sync.Mutex
+
+	registryOnline    bool
+	registryControlID ControlID
+}
+
 type ControlManager struct {
 	// controls indexed by run id
-	ctlsByRunID map[string]*Control
+	ctlsByRunID map[string]*controlEntry
+	registry    *registry.ClientRegistry
+	closed      bool
 
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 }
 
-func NewControlManager() *ControlManager {
+func NewControlManager(clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry) *ControlManager {
 	return &ControlManager{
-		ctlsByRunID: make(map[string]*Control),
+		ctlsByRunID: make(map[string]*controlEntry),
+		registry:    clientRegistry,
 	}
 }
 
-func (cm *ControlManager) Add(runID string, ctl *Control) (old *Control) {
-	cm.mu.Lock()
-	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
-
-	var ok bool
-	old, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
-	if ok {
-		old.Replaced(ctl)
+// lockCurrentRun returns the current entry with its run gate held. It never
+// waits for the gate while holding cm.mu and revalidates the gate after waiting.
+// The global order is runMu, cm.mu, ctl.lifecycleMu, then registry locks.
+func (cm *ControlManager) lockCurrentRun(runID string, allowClosed bool) (*controlEntry, bool) {
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	entry, ok := cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if cm.closed && !allowClosed {
+		ok = false
 	}
-	cm.ctlsByRunID[runID] = ctl
-	return
+	cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	runMu := entry.runMu
+	runMu.Lock()
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	entry, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if (cm.closed && !allowClosed) || !ok || entry.runMu != runMu {
+		ok = false
+	}
+	cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		runMu.Unlock()
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return entry, true
 }
 
-// we should make sure if it's the same control to prevent delete a new one
-func (cm *ControlManager) Del(runID string, ctl *Control) {
+// Add makes ctl the pending current generation and records the predecessor
+// finalization barrier it must wait for before activation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Add(ctl *Control) error {
+	for {
+		// Never wait for a run gate while holding cm.mu.
+		cm.mu.RLock()
+		old := cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID]
+		cm.mu.RUnlock()
+		if old != nil {
+			old.runMu.Lock()
+		}
+
+		cm.mu.Lock()
+		if cm.closed {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("control manager is closed")
+		}
+		if cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != old {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		id := ControlID(nextControlID.Add(1))
+		if err := ctl.admit(cm, id); err != nil {
+			cm.mu.Unlock()
+			if old != nil {
+				old.runMu.Unlock()
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		runMu := &sync.Mutex{}
+		if old != nil {
+			runMu = old.runMu
+		}
+		entry := &controlEntry{ctl: ctl, id: id, runMu: runMu}
+		var (
+			oldCtl  *Control
+			barrier <-chan struct{}
+		)
+		if old != nil {
+			oldCtl = old.ctl
+			barrier = oldCtl.markReplaced()
+			ctl.setHandoffBarrier(barrier)
+			entry.registryOnline = old.registryOnline
+			entry.registryControlID = old.registryControlID
+		}
+		cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] = entry
+		cm.mu.Unlock()
+		if old != nil {
+			old.runMu.Unlock()
+		}
+
+		if oldCtl != nil {
+			oldCtl.Replaced(ctl)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Activate registers ctl as online only if it is still the pending current
+// generation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Activate(ctl *Control) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
 	cm.mu.Lock()
 	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
-	if c, ok := cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]; ok && c == ctl {
-		delete(cm.ctlsByRunID, runID)
+
+	if cm.closed || cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != entry || entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false, nil
 	}
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if ctl.activated {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	loginMsg := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg
+	remoteAddr := ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.RemoteAddr().String()
+	if host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(remoteAddr); err == nil {
+		remoteAddr = host
+	}
+	_, conflict := cm.registry.RegisterWithControlID(
+		loginMsg.User,
+		loginMsg.ClientID,
+		ctl.runID,
+		loginMsg.Hostname,
+		loginMsg.Version,
+		remoteAddr,
+		ctl.sessionCtx.WireProtocol,
+		uint64(entry.id),
+	)
+	if conflict {
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("client_id [%s] for user [%s] is already online", loginMsg.ClientID, loginMsg.User)
+	}
+
+	entry.registryOnline = true
+	entry.registryControlID = entry.id
+	ctl.activated = true
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// completeLogin reserves ctl's current ownership with its run gate while the
+// bounded successful LoginResp write runs, then transitions it to running.
+// The callback must only perform that bounded write; it must not call back into
+// the control manager or the same control lifecycle.
+func (cm *ControlManager) completeLogin(ctl *Control, writeSuccess func() error) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	if entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending || !ctl.activated {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err := writeSuccess(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if !ctl.startLocked() {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Remove deletes and offlines ctl only if it is still the current generation.
+func (cm *ControlManager) Remove(ctl *Control) bool {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, true)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	cm.mu.Lock()
+	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if cm.ctlsByRunID[ctl.runID] != entry || entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return false
+	}
+	delete(cm.ctlsByRunID, ctl.runID)
+	if entry.registryOnline {
+		cm.registry.MarkOfflineByRunIDAndControlID(ctl.runID, uint64(entry.registryControlID))
+	}
+	return true
 }
 
 func (cm *ControlManager) GetByID(runID string) (ctl *Control, ok bool) {
-	cm.mu.RLock()
-	defer cm.mu.RUnlock()
-	ctl, ok = cm.ctlsByRunID[runID]
-	return
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	ctl = entry.ctl
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return ctl, true
+}
+
+// admitVisitorByRunID commits a visitor admission against the current running
+// control while its run and lifecycle ownership are held. The callback must
+// only perform the in-memory, buffered visitor admission.
+func (cm *ControlManager) admitVisitorByRunID(runID string, admit func(user, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec string) error) (bool, error) {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	ctl := entry.ctl
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, admit(ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, ctl.sessionCtx.WireProtocol, ctl.sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec)
+}
+
+// RegisterWorkConn transfers conn to ctl only if ctl is still the current
+// running generation. On error, ownership remains with the caller.
+func (cm *ControlManager) RegisterWorkConn(ctl *Control, conn *proxy.WorkConn) error {
+	entry, ok := cm.lockCurrentRun(ctl.runID, false)
+	if !ok {
+		cm.mu.RLock()
+		closed := cm.closed
+		cm.mu.RUnlock()
+		if closed {
+			return fmt.Errorf("control manager is closed")
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is no longer current", ctl.runID)
+	}
+	defer entry.runMu.Unlock()
+	if entry.ctl != ctl || entry.id != ctl.controlID {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is no longer current", ctl.runID)
+	}
+
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateRunning {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client control for run id [%s] is not running", ctl.runID)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case ctl.workConnCh <- conn:
+		ctl.xl.Debugf("new work connection registered")
+		return nil
+	default:
+		ctl.xl.Debugf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+		return fmt.Errorf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+	}
 }
 
 func (cm *ControlManager) Close() error {
 	cm.mu.Lock()
-	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
-	for _, ctl := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
-		ctl.Close()
+	cm.closed = true
+	ctls := make([]*Control, 0, len(cm.ctlsByRunID))
+	for _, entry := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
+		ctls = append(ctls, entry.ctl)
+	}
+	cm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, ctl := range ctls {
+		cm.Remove(ctl)
+		_ = ctl.Close()
 	}
-	cm.ctlsByRunID = make(map[string]*Control)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// CloseAllProxyByName Finds the tunnel name and closes all tunnels on the same connection.
-func (cm *ControlManager) CloseAllProxyByName(proxyName string) error {
-	cm.mu.RLock()
-	var target *Control
-	for _, ctl := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
-		ctl.mu.RLock()
-		_, ok := ctl.proxies[proxyName]
-		ctl.mu.RUnlock()
-		if ok {
-			target = ctl
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	cm.mu.RUnlock()
-	if target == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no proxy found with name [%s]", proxyName)
-	}
-	return target.Close()
-}
-
-// KickByProxyName finds the Control that manages the given proxy (tunnel) name and closes
-// Bug: The client does not display the kickout message.
-func (cm *ControlManager) KickByProxyName(proxyName string) error {
-	cm.mu.RLock()
-	var target *Control
-	for _, ctl := range cm.ctlsByRunID {
-		ctl.mu.RLock()
-		_, ok := ctl.proxies[proxyName]
-		ctl.mu.RUnlock()
-		if ok {
-			target = ctl
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	cm.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if target == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no proxy found with name [%s]", proxyName)
-	}
-
-	xl := target.xl
-	xl.Infof("kick client with proxy [%s] by server administrator request", proxyName)
-	return target.Close()
-}
-
 // SessionContext encapsulates the input parameters for creating a new Control.
 type SessionContext struct {
 	// all resource managers and controllers
@@ -155,12 +370,21 @@ type SessionContext struct {
 	LoginMsg *msg.Login
 	// server configuration
 	ServerCfg *v1.ServerConfig
-	// client registry
-	ClientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
 	// negotiated wire protocol for this client session
-	WireProtocol string
+	WireProtocol   string
+	UDPPacketCodec string
 }
 
+type controlState uint8
+
+const (
+	controlStateCreated controlState = iota
+	controlStatePending
+	controlStateRunning
+	controlStateClosing
+	controlStateClosed
+)
+
 type Control struct {
 	// session context
 	sessionCtx *SessionContext
@@ -187,30 +411,59 @@ type Control struct {
 	// last time got the Ping message
 	lastPing atomic.Value
 
-	// A new run id will be generated when a new client login.
-	// If run id got from login message has same run id, it means it's the same client, so we can
-	// replace old controller instantly.
-	runID string
+	// runID never changes during the lifetime of a control. controlID is assigned
+	// once by ControlManager and distinguishes same-runID generations.
+	runID     string
+	controlID ControlID
+	manager   *ControlManager
+
+	lifecycleMu    sync.Mutex
+	state          controlState
+	activated      bool
+	handoffBarrier <-chan struct{}
+
+	interruptOnce sync.Once
+	interruptErr  error
 
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 
-	xl     *xlog.Logger
-	ctx    context.Context
-	doneCh chan struct{}
+	xl            *xlog.Logger
+	ctx           context.Context
+	doneCh        chan struct{}
+	serverMetrics metrics.ServerMetrics
 }
 
 func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, error) {
-	poolCount := min(sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount, int(sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount))
+	if sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid pool count %d, must be non-negative", sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount)
+	}
+	if sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"invalid max pool count %d, must be non-negative",
+			sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount,
+		)
+	}
+	effectivePoolCount := min(int64(sessionCtx.LoginMsg.PoolCount), sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount)
+	maxPoolCountForChannel := int64(math.MaxInt) - int64(workConnPoolCapacityOffset)
+	if effectivePoolCount > maxPoolCountForChannel {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"invalid effective pool count %d, cannot safely add %d for work connection pool capacity",
+			effectivePoolCount, workConnPoolCapacityOffset,
+		)
+	}
+	poolCount := int(effectivePoolCount)
 	ctl := &Control{
-		sessionCtx:   sessionCtx,
-		workConnCh:   make(chan *proxy.WorkConn, poolCount+10),
-		proxies:      make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
-		poolCount:    poolCount,
-		portsUsedNum: 0,
-		runID:        sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
-		xl:           xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
-		ctx:          ctx,
-		doneCh:       make(chan struct{}),
+		sessionCtx:    sessionCtx,
+		workConnCh:    make(chan *proxy.WorkConn, poolCount+workConnPoolCapacityOffset),
+		proxies:       make(map[string]proxy.Proxy),
+		poolCount:     poolCount,
+		portsUsedNum:  0,
+		runID:         sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+		state:         controlStateCreated,
+		xl:            xlog.FromContextSafe(ctx),
+		ctx:           ctx,
+		doneCh:        make(chan struct{}),
+		serverMetrics: metrics.Server,
 	}
 	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now())
 
@@ -220,48 +473,121 @@ func NewControl(ctx context.Context, sessionCtx *SessionContext) (*Control, erro
 	return ctl, nil
 }
 
-// Start starts the control session workers after login succeeds.
-func (ctl *Control) Start() {
-	go func() {
-		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
-			// ignore error here, that means that this control is closed
-			_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.ReqWorkConn{})
-		}
-	}()
-	go ctl.worker()
+func (ctl *Control) RunID() string {
+	return ctl.runID
 }
 
-func (ctl *Control) Close() error {
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+func (ctl *Control) ID() ControlID {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.controlID
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) admit(manager *ControlManager, id ControlID) error {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if ctl.state != controlStateCreated {
+		return fmt.Errorf("control [%s] is not in created state", ctl.runID)
+	}
+	ctl.manager = manager
+	ctl.controlID = id
+	ctl.state = controlStatePending
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (ctl *Control) Replaced(newCtl *Control) {
-	xl := ctl.xl
-	xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s]", newCtl.runID)
-	ctl.runID = ""
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+func (ctl *Control) setHandoffBarrier(barrier <-chan struct{}) {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	ctl.handoffBarrier = barrier
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
 }
 
-func (ctl *Control) RegisterWorkConn(conn *proxy.WorkConn) error {
-	xl := ctl.xl
-	defer func() {
-		if err := recover(); err != nil {
-			xl.Errorf("panic error: %v", err)
-			xl.Errorf(string(debug.Stack()))
-		}
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case ctl.workConnCh <- conn:
-		xl.Debugf("new work connection registered")
-		return nil
-	default:
-		xl.Debugf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
-		return fmt.Errorf("work connection pool is full, discarding")
+func (ctl *Control) WaitForHandoff() {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	barrier := ctl.handoffBarrier
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	if barrier != nil {
+		<-barrier
 	}
 }
 
+// Start starts the control session workers after login succeeds.
+func (ctl *Control) Start() bool {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.startLocked()
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) startLocked() bool {
+	if ctl.state != controlStatePending || !ctl.activated {
+		return false
+	}
+	ctl.state = controlStateRunning
+	go ctl.worker()
+	return true
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) Close() error {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	switch ctl.state {
+	case controlStateCreated, controlStatePending:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
+	case controlStateRunning:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+	}
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	return ctl.interruptReadAndClose()
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) Replaced(newCtl *Control) {
+	ctl.markReplaced()
+	ctl.xl.Infof("replaced by client [%s] (control ID %d)", newCtl.runID, newCtl.ID())
+	_ = ctl.interruptReadAndClose()
+}
+
+// markReplaced returns the transitive predecessor barrier. A pending control
+// has no worker, so it finishes immediately and passes its inherited barrier
+// to the replacement. A running control is finished only by its worker.
+func (ctl *Control) markReplaced() <-chan struct{} {
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+
+	switch ctl.state {
+	case controlStateCreated:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
+		return nil
+	case controlStatePending:
+		barrier := ctl.handoffBarrier
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		ctl.finishLocked()
+		return barrier
+	case controlStateRunning:
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+		return ctl.doneCh
+	case controlStateClosing, controlStateClosed:
+		return ctl.doneCh
+	default:
+		return ctl.doneCh
+	}
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) interruptReadAndClose() error {
+	ctl.interruptOnce.Do(func() {
+		_ = ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now())
+		ctl.interruptErr = ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+	})
+	return ctl.interruptErr
+}
+
+func (ctl *Control) finishLocked() {
+	if ctl.state == controlStateClosed {
+		return
+	}
+	ctl.state = controlStateClosed
+	close(ctl.doneCh)
+}
+
 // When frps get one user connection, we get one work connection from the pool and return it.
 // If no workConn available in the pool, send message to frpc to get one or more
 // and wait until it is available.
@@ -316,10 +642,10 @@ func (ctl *Control) heartbeatWorker() {
 	}
 
 	xl := ctl.xl
-	go wait.Until(func() {
+	wait.Until(func() {
 		if time.Since(ctl.lastPing.Load().(time.Time)) > time.Duration(ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout)*time.Second {
 			xl.Warnf("heartbeat timeout")
-			ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+			_ = ctl.Close()
 			return
 		}
 	}, time.Second, ctl.doneCh)
@@ -334,14 +660,14 @@ func (ctl *Control) loginUserInfo() plugin.UserInfo {
 	return plugin.UserInfo{
 		User:  ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User,
 		Metas: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.Metas,
-		RunID: ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID,
+		RunID: ctl.runID,
 	}
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {
 	pxy.Close()
 	ctl.sessionCtx.PxyManager.Del(pxy.GetName())
-	metrics.Server.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
+	ctl.serverMetrics.CloseProxy(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
 
 	notifyContent := &plugin.CloseProxyContent{
 		User: ctl.loginUserInfo(),
@@ -356,12 +682,24 @@ func (ctl *Control) closeProxy(pxy proxy.Proxy) {
 
 func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 	xl := ctl.xl
+	ctl.serverMetrics.NewClient()
 
 	go ctl.heartbeatWorker()
 	go ctl.msgDispatcher.Run()
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < ctl.poolCount; i++ {
+			// Ignore the error: it means this control is already closing.
+			_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(&msg.ReqWorkConn{})
+		}
+	}()
 
 	<-ctl.msgDispatcher.Done()
-	ctl.sessionCtx.Conn.Close()
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	if ctl.state == controlStateRunning {
+		ctl.state = controlStateClosing
+	}
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+	_ = ctl.interruptReadAndClose()
 
 	ctl.mu.Lock()
 	close(ctl.workConnCh)
@@ -376,10 +714,14 @@ func (ctl *Control) worker() {
 		ctl.closeProxy(pxy)
 	}
 
-	metrics.Server.CloseClient()
-	ctl.sessionCtx.ClientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID(ctl.runID)
+	ctl.serverMetrics.CloseClient()
+	if ctl.manager != nil {
+		ctl.manager.Remove(ctl)
+	}
 	xl.Infof("client exit success")
-	close(ctl.doneCh)
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	ctl.finishLocked()
+	ctl.lifecycleMu.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (ctl *Control) registerMsgHandlers() {
@@ -419,9 +761,9 @@ func (ctl *Control) handleNewProxy(m msg.Message) {
 		xl.Infof("new proxy [%s] type [%s] success", inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType)
 		clientID := ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.ClientID
 		if clientID == "" {
-			clientID = ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.RunID
+			clientID = ctl.runID
 		}
-		metrics.Server.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
+		ctl.serverMetrics.NewProxy(inMsg.ProxyName, inMsg.ProxyType, ctl.sessionCtx.LoginMsg.User, clientID)
 	}
 	_ = ctl.msgDispatcher.Send(resp)
 }
@@ -500,6 +842,7 @@ func (ctl *Control) RegisterProxy(pxyMsg *msg.NewProxy) (remoteAddr string, err
 		ServerCfg:          ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg,
 		EncryptionKey:      ctl.sessionCtx.EncryptionKey,
 		WireProtocol:       ctl.sessionCtx.WireProtocol,
+		UDPPacketCodec:     ctl.sessionCtx.UDPPacketCodec,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return remoteAddr, err

server/control_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/auth"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	plugin "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/plugin/server"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/controller"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/proxy"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
+)
+
+func TestControlPendingReplacementFinishesWithoutStarting(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, oldConn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, oldCtl)
+	require.False(t, oldCtl.Start())
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, oldConn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestNewControlPoolCountBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name          string
+		poolCount     int
+		maxPoolCount  int64
+		wantErr       string
+		wantPoolCount int
+		wantCapacity  int
+	}{
+		{name: "negative pool count below offset", poolCount: -11, maxPoolCount: 5, wantErr: "invalid pool count"},
+		{name: "negative pool count at offset", poolCount: -10, maxPoolCount: 5, wantErr: "invalid pool count"},
+		{name: "negative pool count", poolCount: -1, maxPoolCount: 5, wantErr: "invalid pool count"},
+		{name: "zero pool count", poolCount: 0, maxPoolCount: 5, wantPoolCount: 0, wantCapacity: 10},
+		{name: "pool count capped", poolCount: 10, maxPoolCount: 5, wantPoolCount: 5, wantCapacity: 15},
+		{name: "maximum int pool count capped", poolCount: math.MaxInt, maxPoolCount: 5, wantPoolCount: 5, wantCapacity: 15},
+		{name: "negative maximum", poolCount: 1, maxPoolCount: -1, wantErr: "invalid max pool count"},
+		{name: "maximum int64 with small client pool", poolCount: 1, maxPoolCount: math.MaxInt64, wantPoolCount: 1, wantCapacity: 11},
+		{name: "maximum int client and server overflow", poolCount: math.MaxInt, maxPoolCount: math.MaxInt64, wantErr: "cannot safely add"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			conn := newDeadlineReadConn()
+			msgConn := msg.NewConn(conn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(conn))
+			cfg := &v1.ServerConfig{}
+			cfg.Transport.MaxPoolCount = tc.maxPoolCount
+
+			ctl, err := NewControl(context.Background(), &SessionContext{
+				RC:            &controller.ResourceController{},
+				PxyManager:    proxy.NewManager(),
+				PluginManager: plugin.NewManager(),
+				AuthVerifier:  auth.AlwaysPassVerifier,
+				Conn:          msgConn,
+				LoginMsg: &msg.Login{
+					RunID:     "pool-count-run",
+					PoolCount: tc.poolCount,
+				},
+				ServerCfg: cfg,
+			})
+			if tc.wantErr != "" {
+				require.Nil(t, ctl)
+				require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.wantPoolCount, ctl.poolCount)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.wantCapacity, cap(ctl.workConnCh))
+			require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestControlRunningReplacementFinishesInWorker(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, oldConn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+	require.True(t, oldCtl.Start())
+	waitForSignal(t, oldConn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, oldCtl)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, oldConn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+
+	_, ok := manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, newCtl, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(oldCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+
+	active, err := manager.Activate(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	_, ok = manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	info, ok = clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+}
+
+func TestControlClosePendingAndRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("pending", func(t *testing.T) {
+		manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "pending", "pending", metrics)
+		err := manager.Add(ctl)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("running", func(t *testing.T) {
+		manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "running", "running", metrics)
+		mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+		require.True(t, ctl.Start())
+		waitForSignal(t, conn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+
+		require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestControlCloseAndReplacedAreIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	err := manager.Add(ctl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = manager.Add(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	ctl.Replaced(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, ctl.Close())
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestControlHeartbeatTimeoutInterruptsRead(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewControlManager(registry.NewClientRegistry())
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, conn := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "heartbeat", "heartbeat", metrics)
+	ctl.sessionCtx.ServerCfg.Transport.HeartbeatTimeout = 1
+	ctl.lastPing.Store(time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Second))
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+	require.True(t, ctl.Start())
+	waitForSignal(t, conn.readStarted, "control reader to start")
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"deadline", "close"}, conn.eventsSnapshot())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+}
+
+func TestControlStartReplacementRacePairsMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	for range 100 {
+		clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+		manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+		metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+		ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+		replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+		mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+		startGate := make(chan struct{})
+		startedCh := make(chan bool, 1)
+		addErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			<-startGate
+			startedCh <- ctl.Start()
+		}()
+		go func() {
+			<-startGate
+			addErr := manager.Add(replacement)
+			addErrCh <- addErr
+		}()
+		close(startGate)
+
+		started := <-startedCh
+		require.NoError(t, <-addErrCh)
+		waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+		if started {
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+			require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+		} else {
+			require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+			require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerRejectsStaleActivateAndRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	oldCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	newCtl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, oldCtl)
+	err := manager.Add(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Greater(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), uint64(oldCtl.ID()))
+
+	active, err := manager.Activate(oldCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, active)
+	require.False(t, manager.Remove(oldCtl))
+
+	_, ok := manager.GetByID("same-run")
+	require.False(t, ok)
+	require.Same(t, newCtl, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(oldCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+
+	active, err = manager.Activate(newCtl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	info, ok = clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(newCtl.ID()), info.ControlID)
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerPreservesClientIDConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	first, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "run-one", "shared-client", metrics)
+	conflicting, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "run-two", "shared-client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, first)
+	err := manager.Add(conflicting)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	active, err := manager.Activate(conflicting)
+	require.True(t, active)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "already online")
+
+	require.True(t, manager.Remove(conflicting))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("shared-client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.True(t, info.Online)
+	require.Equal(t, "run-one", info.RunID)
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerFailedLoginWriteReleasesRunWithoutStarting(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+	replacement, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+	writeErr := errors.New("write failed")
+	committed, err := manager.completeLogin(ctl, func() error { return writeErr })
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, writeErr)
+	require.False(t, committed)
+
+	err = manager.Add(replacement)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+	require.Same(t, replacement, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(0), metrics.closedClients())
+	require.True(t, manager.Remove(replacement))
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.False(t, info.Online)
+	require.Empty(t, info.RunID)
+	require.Zero(t, info.ControlID)
+	require.False(t, info.DisconnectedAt.IsZero())
+	require.NoError(t, replacement.Close())
+}
+
+func TestControlManagerCloseWaitsForInFlightLoginRun(t *testing.T) {
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	manager := NewControlManager(clientRegistry)
+	metrics := newCountingServerMetrics()
+	ctl, _ := newLifecycleTestControl(t, "same-run", "client", metrics)
+
+	mustAddAndActivate(t, manager, ctl)
+
+	writeEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	resumeWrite := make(chan struct{})
+	loginDone := make(chan struct {
+		committed bool
+		err       error
+	}, 1)
+	go func() {
+		committed, loginErr := manager.completeLogin(ctl, func() error {
+			close(writeEntered)
+			<-resumeWrite
+			return nil
+		})
+		loginDone <- struct {
+			committed bool
+			err       error
+		}{committed: committed, err: loginErr}
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, writeEntered, "LoginResp write")
+
+	closeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { closeDone <- manager.Close() }()
+	waitForManagerClosed(t, manager)
+	select {
+	case err := <-closeDone:
+		t.Fatalf("manager close completed during LoginResp write: %v", err)
+	default:
+	}
+
+	close(resumeWrite)
+	result := <-loginDone
+	require.NoError(t, result.err)
+	require.True(t, result.committed)
+	require.NoError(t, <-closeDone)
+	waitForControlDone(t, ctl)
+	require.Nil(t, currentControlForTest(manager, "same-run"))
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.newClients())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), metrics.closedClients())
+	info, ok := clientRegistry.GetByKey("client")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.False(t, info.Online)
+}
+
+func newLifecycleTestControl(
+	t *testing.T,
+	runID string,
+	clientID string,
+	serverMetrics *countingServerMetrics,
+) (*Control, *deadlineReadConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn := newDeadlineReadConn()
+	msgConn := msg.NewConn(conn, msg.NewV1ReadWriter(conn))
+	ctl, err := NewControl(context.Background(), &SessionContext{
+		RC:            &controller.ResourceController{},
+		PxyManager:    proxy.NewManager(),
+		PluginManager: plugin.NewManager(),
+		AuthVerifier:  auth.AlwaysPassVerifier,
+		Conn:          msgConn,
+		LoginMsg: &msg.Login{
+			RunID:    runID,
+			ClientID: clientID,
+		},
+		ServerCfg: &v1.ServerConfig{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	ctl.serverMetrics = serverMetrics
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = ctl.Close() })
+	return ctl, conn
+}
+
+func mustAddAndActivate(t *testing.T, manager *ControlManager, ctl *Control) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Add(ctl))
+	active, err := manager.Activate(ctl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, active)
+}
+
+func waitForControlDone(t *testing.T, ctl *Control) {
+	t.Helper()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		ctl.WaitClosed()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	waitForSignal(t, done, "control to finish")
+}
+
+func currentControlForTest(manager *ControlManager, runID string) *Control {
+	manager.mu.RLock()
+	defer manager.mu.RUnlock()
+	entry := manager.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if entry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.ctl
+}
+
+func currentRunGateForTest(manager *ControlManager, runID string) *sync.Mutex {
+	manager.mu.RLock()
+	defer manager.mu.RUnlock()
+	entry := manager.ctlsByRunID[runID]
+	if entry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.runMu
+}
+
+func waitForManagerClosed(t *testing.T, manager *ControlManager) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		manager.mu.RLock()
+		closed := manager.closed
+		manager.mu.RUnlock()
+		if closed {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("timed out waiting for control manager to close")
+}
+
+func waitForSignal(t *testing.T, ch <-chan struct{}, description string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %s", description)
+	}
+}
+
+type deadlineReadConn struct {
+	readStarted chan struct{}
+	unblockRead chan struct{}
+
+	readOnce     sync.Once
+	unblockOnce  sync.Once
+	deadlineOnce sync.Once
+	closeOnce    sync.Once
+
+	eventsMu sync.Mutex
+	events   []string
+}
+
+func newDeadlineReadConn() *deadlineReadConn {
+	return &deadlineReadConn{
+		readStarted: make(chan struct{}),
+		unblockRead: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) Read([]byte) (int, error) {
+	c.readOnce.Do(func() { close(c.readStarted) })
+	<-c.unblockRead
+	return 0, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) Close() error {
+	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		c.recordEvent("close")
+		c.unblockOnce.Do(func() { close(c.unblockRead) })
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr  { return lifecycleTestAddr("local") }
+func (*deadlineReadConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return lifecycleTestAddr("remote") }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) SetDeadline(deadline time.Time) error {
+	if err := c.SetReadDeadline(deadline); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.SetWriteDeadline(deadline)
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) SetReadDeadline(deadline time.Time) error {
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.deadlineOnce.Do(func() {
+		c.recordEvent("deadline")
+		c.unblockOnce.Do(func() { close(c.unblockRead) })
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*deadlineReadConn) SetWriteDeadline(time.Time) error { return nil }
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) recordEvent(event string) {
+	c.eventsMu.Lock()
+	c.events = append(c.events, event)
+	c.eventsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (c *deadlineReadConn) eventsSnapshot() []string {
+	c.eventsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.eventsMu.Unlock()
+	return append([]string(nil), c.events...)
+}
+
+type lifecycleTestAddr string
+
+func (a lifecycleTestAddr) Network() string { return string(a) }
+func (a lifecycleTestAddr) String() string  { return string(a) }
+
+type countingServerMetrics struct {
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	newCount    int64
+	closeCount  int64
+	closeEnter  chan struct{}
+	closeResume chan struct{}
+	closeOnce   sync.Once
+}
+
+func newCountingServerMetrics() *countingServerMetrics {
+	return &countingServerMetrics{}
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) NewClient() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.newCount++
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) CloseClient() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.closeCount++
+	closeEnter := m.closeEnter
+	closeResume := m.closeResume
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	if closeEnter != nil {
+		m.closeOnce.Do(func() { close(closeEnter) })
+		<-closeResume
+	}
+}
+
+func (*countingServerMetrics) NewProxy(string, string, string, string) {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) CloseProxy(string, string)               {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) OpenConnection(string, string)           {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) CloseConnection(string, string)          {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) AddTrafficIn(string, string, int64)      {}
+func (*countingServerMetrics) AddTrafficOut(string, string, int64)     {}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) newClients() int64 {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.newCount
+}
+
+func (m *countingServerMetrics) closedClients() int64 {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.closeCount
+}

server/http/controller.go

@@ -38,35 +38,32 @@ type Controller struct {
 	serverCfg      *v1.ServerConfig
 	clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry
 	pxyManager     ProxyManager
-	ctlManager     ControlManager
 }
 
 type ProxyManager interface {
 	GetByName(name string) (proxy.Proxy, bool)
 }
 
-type ControlManager interface {
-	CloseAllProxyByName(proxyName string) error
-}
-
 func NewController(
 	serverCfg *v1.ServerConfig,
 	clientRegistry *registry.ClientRegistry,
 	pxyManager ProxyManager,
-	ctlManager ControlManager,
 ) *Controller {
 	return &Controller{
 		serverCfg:      serverCfg,
 		clientRegistry: clientRegistry,
 		pxyManager:     pxyManager,
-		ctlManager:     ctlManager,
 	}
 }
 
 // /api/serverinfo
 func (c *Controller) APIServerInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	return c.buildServerInfoResp(), nil
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) buildServerInfoResp() model.ServerInfoResp {
 	serverStats := mem.StatsCollector.GetServer()
-	svrResp := model.ServerInfoResp{
+	return model.ServerInfoResp{
 		Version:               version.Full(),
 		BindPort:              c.serverCfg.BindPort,
 		VhostHTTPPort:         c.serverCfg.VhostHTTPPort,
@@ -87,8 +84,6 @@ func (c *Controller) APIServerInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 		ClientCounts:    serverStats.ClientCounts,
 		ProxyTypeCounts: serverStats.ProxyTypeCounts,
 	}
-
-	return svrResp, nil
 }
 
 // /api/clients
@@ -225,24 +220,6 @@ func (c *Controller) APIProxyByName(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	return proxyInfo, nil
 }
 
-// POST /api/proxy/:name/close
-func (c *Controller) APICloseProxyByName(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
-	name := ctx.Param("name")
-	if name == "" {
-		return nil, httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "proxy name required")
-	}
-
-	if c.ctlManager == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("control manager unavailable")
-	}
-
-	if err := c.ctlManager.CloseAllProxyByName(name); err != nil {
-		return nil, httppkg.NewError(http.StatusNotFound, err.Error())
-	}
-
-	return httppkg.GeneralResponse{Code: 200, Msg: "ok"}, nil
-}
-
 // DELETE /api/proxies?status=offline
 func (c *Controller) DeleteProxies(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	status := ctx.Query("status")

server/http/controller_v2.go

@@ -17,22 +17,31 @@ package http
 import (
 	"cmp"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/http/model"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/registry"
 )
 
 const (
 	defaultV2Page     = 1
 	defaultV2PageSize = 50
 	maxV2PageSize     = 200
+
+	v2SystemPruneTypeOfflineProxies = "offline_proxies"
+	v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays       = 7
+	v2ProxyTrafficUnit              = "bytes"
+	v2ProxyTrafficGranularity       = "day"
 )
 
 var apiV2ProxyTypes = []string{
@@ -46,6 +55,55 @@ var apiV2ProxyTypes = []string{
 	string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP),
 }
 
+// /api/v2/system/info
+func (c *Controller) APIV2SystemInfo(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	info := c.buildServerInfoResp()
+	proxyTypeCounts := info.ProxyTypeCounts
+	if proxyTypeCounts == nil {
+		proxyTypeCounts = map[string]int64{}
+	}
+
+	return model.V2SystemInfoResp{
+		Version: info.Version,
+		Config: model.V2SystemInfoConfigResp{
+			BindPort:              info.BindPort,
+			VhostHTTPPort:         info.VhostHTTPPort,
+			VhostHTTPSPort:        info.VhostHTTPSPort,
+			TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort: info.TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort,
+			KCPBindPort:           info.KCPBindPort,
+			QUICBindPort:          info.QUICBindPort,
+			SubdomainHost:         info.SubdomainHost,
+			MaxPoolCount:          info.MaxPoolCount,
+			MaxPortsPerClient:     info.MaxPortsPerClient,
+			HeartbeatTimeout:      info.HeartBeatTimeout,
+			AllowPortsStr:         info.AllowPortsStr,
+			TLSForce:              info.TLSForce,
+		},
+		Status: model.V2SystemInfoStatusResp{
+			TotalTrafficIn:  info.TotalTrafficIn,
+			TotalTrafficOut: info.TotalTrafficOut,
+			CurConns:        info.CurConns,
+			ClientCounts:    info.ClientCounts,
+			ProxyTypeCounts: proxyTypeCounts,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// /api/v2/system/prune
+func (c *Controller) APIV2SystemPrune(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	pruneType, err := parseV2SystemPruneType(ctx.Query("type"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cleared, total := mem.StatsCollector.PruneOfflineProxies()
+	return model.V2SystemPruneResp{
+		Type:    pruneType,
+		Cleared: cleared,
+		Total:   total,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // /api/v2/users
 func (c *Controller) APIV2UserList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	page, pageSize, err := parseV2PageParams(ctx)
@@ -137,7 +195,26 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ClientList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 
 // /api/v2/clients/{key}
 func (c *Controller) APIV2ClientDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
-	return c.APIClientDetail(ctx)
+	key, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "key", "client key")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if c.clientRegistry == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("client registry unavailable")
+	}
+
+	info, ok := c.clientRegistry.GetByKey(key)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, httppkg.NewError(http.StatusNotFound, fmt.Sprintf("client %s not found", key))
+	}
+
+	resp := buildClientInfoResp(info)
+	status := c.buildV2ClientStatus(info)
+	return model.V2ClientDetailResp{
+		ClientInfoResp: resp,
+		Status:         status,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // /api/v2/proxies
@@ -179,7 +256,7 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	}
 
 	slices.SortFunc(items, func(a, b model.V2ProxyResp) int {
-		if v := cmp.Compare(a.Type, b.Type); v != 0 {
+		if v := cmp.Compare(a.Spec.Type, b.Spec.Type); v != 0 {
 			return v
 		}
 		return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
@@ -190,9 +267,9 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyList(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 
 // /api/v2/proxies/{name}
 func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
-	name := ctx.Param("name")
-	if name == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing proxy name")
+	name, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "name", "proxy name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	ps := mem.StatsCollector.GetProxyByName(name)
@@ -202,6 +279,33 @@ func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyDetail(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
 	return c.buildV2ProxyResp(ps), nil
 }
 
+// /api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic
+func (c *Controller) APIV2ProxyTraffic(ctx *httppkg.Context) (any, error) {
+	name, err := decodeV2PathParam(ctx, "name", "proxy name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	proxyTrafficInfo := mem.StatsCollector.GetProxyTraffic(name)
+	if proxyTrafficInfo == nil {
+		return nil, httppkg.NewError(http.StatusNotFound, "no proxy info found")
+	}
+
+	return buildV2ProxyTrafficResp(name, proxyTrafficInfo, time.Now()), nil
+}
+
+func decodeV2PathParam(ctx *httppkg.Context, key string, label string) (string, error) {
+	raw := ctx.Param(key)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("missing %s", label)
+	}
+	decoded, err := url.PathUnescape(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("invalid %s", label))
+	}
+	return decoded, nil
+}
+
 func getOrCreateV2User(items map[string]*model.V2UserResp, user string) *model.V2UserResp {
 	item, ok := items[user]
 	if !ok {
@@ -261,6 +365,18 @@ func parseV2ProxyTypeFilter(raw string) (string, error) {
 	return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type must be one of tcp, udp, http, https, tcpmux, stcp, xtcp, sudp")
 }
 
+func parseV2SystemPruneType(raw string) (string, error) {
+	pruneType := strings.ToLower(raw)
+	switch pruneType {
+	case "":
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type is required")
+	case v2SystemPruneTypeOfflineProxies:
+		return pruneType, nil
+	default:
+		return "", httppkg.NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "type must be one of offline_proxies")
+	}
+}
+
 func matchV2StatusFilter(online bool, filter string) bool {
 	switch filter {
 	case "", "all":
@@ -320,26 +436,36 @@ func matchV2ClientQuery(item model.ClientInfoResp, q string) bool {
 func matchV2ProxyQuery(item model.V2ProxyResp, q string) bool {
 	values := []string{
 		item.Name,
-		item.Type,
+		item.Spec.Type,
 		item.User,
 		item.ClientID,
 		item.Status.State,
 	}
 
-	switch spec := item.Spec.(type) {
-	case *model.TCPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(spec.RemotePort))
-	case *model.UDPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(spec.RemotePort))
-	case *model.HTTPOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
-	case *model.HTTPSOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
-	case *model.TCPMuxOutConf:
-		values = append(values, spec.CustomDomains...)
-		values = append(values, spec.SubDomain)
+	switch item.Spec.Type {
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCP):
+		if item.Spec.TCP != nil && item.Spec.TCP.RemotePort != nil {
+			values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(*item.Spec.TCP.RemotePort))
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeUDP):
+		if item.Spec.UDP != nil && item.Spec.UDP.RemotePort != nil {
+			values = append(values, strconv.Itoa(*item.Spec.UDP.RemotePort))
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTP):
+		if item.Spec.HTTP != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTP.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTP.Subdomain)
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTPS):
+		if item.Spec.HTTPS != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTPS.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.HTTPS.Subdomain)
+		}
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCPMUX):
+		if item.Spec.TCPMux != nil {
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.TCPMux.CustomDomains...)
+			values = append(values, item.Spec.TCPMux.Subdomain)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return containsV2Query(q, values...)
@@ -366,29 +492,156 @@ func (c *Controller) listV2ProxyStats(proxyType string) []*mem.ProxyStats {
 	return items
 }
 
+func buildV2ProxyTrafficResp(name string, traffic *mem.ProxyTrafficInfo, now time.Time) model.V2ProxyTrafficResp {
+	history := make([]model.V2ProxyTrafficPointResp, 0, v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays)
+	for age := v2ProxyTrafficDefaultDays - 1; age >= 0; age-- {
+		history = append(history, model.V2ProxyTrafficPointResp{
+			Date:       now.AddDate(0, 0, -age).Format(time.DateOnly),
+			TrafficIn:  v2TrafficValueAt(traffic.TrafficIn, age),
+			TrafficOut: v2TrafficValueAt(traffic.TrafficOut, age),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return model.V2ProxyTrafficResp{
+		Name:        name,
+		Unit:        v2ProxyTrafficUnit,
+		Granularity: v2ProxyTrafficGranularity,
+		History:     history,
+	}
+}
+
+func v2TrafficValueAt(values []int64, todayFirstIndex int) int64 {
+	if todayFirstIndex >= len(values) {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return values[todayFirstIndex]
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) buildV2ClientStatus(info registry.ClientInfo) model.V2ClientStatusResp {
+	status := model.V2ClientStatusResp{State: "offline"}
+	if info.Online {
+		status.State = "online"
+	}
+
+	user := info.User
+	clientID := info.ClientID()
+	for _, ps := range c.listV2ProxyStats("") {
+		if ps.User != user || ps.ClientID != clientID {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.CurConns += ps.CurConns
+		status.ProxyCount++
+	}
+	return status
+}
+
 func (c *Controller) buildV2ProxyResp(ps *mem.ProxyStats) model.V2ProxyResp {
 	state := "offline"
-	var spec any
+	var cfg v1.ProxyConfigurer
 	if c.pxyManager != nil {
 		if pxy, ok := c.pxyManager.GetByName(ps.Name); ok {
 			state = "online"
-			spec = getConfFromConfigurer(pxy.GetConfigurer())
+			cfg = pxy.GetConfigurer()
 		}
 	}
 
 	return model.V2ProxyResp{
 		Name:     ps.Name,
-		Type:     ps.Type,
 		User:     ps.User,
 		ClientID: ps.ClientID,
-		Spec:     spec,
+		Spec:     buildV2ProxySpec(ps.Type, cfg),
 		Status: model.V2ProxyStatusResp{
 			State:           state,
 			TodayTrafficIn:  ps.TodayTrafficIn,
 			TodayTrafficOut: ps.TodayTrafficOut,
 			CurConns:        ps.CurConns,
-			LastStartTime:   ps.LastStartTime,
-			LastCloseTime:   ps.LastCloseTime,
+			LastStartAt:     ps.LastStartAt,
+			LastCloseAt:     ps.LastCloseAt,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func buildV2ProxySpec(proxyType string, cfg v1.ProxyConfigurer) model.V2ProxySpec {
+	spec := model.V2ProxySpec{Type: proxyType}
+
+	switch proxyType {
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCP):
+		block := &model.V2TCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.TCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.RemotePort = &c.RemotePort
+		}
+		spec.TCP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeUDP):
+		block := &model.V2UDPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.UDPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.RemotePort = &c.RemotePort
+		}
+		spec.UDP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTP):
+		block := &model.V2HTTPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.HTTPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+			block.Locations = slices.Clone(c.Locations)
+			block.HostHeaderRewrite = c.HostHeaderRewrite
+		}
+		spec.HTTP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeHTTPS):
+		block := &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.HTTPSProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+		}
+		spec.HTTPS = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeTCPMUX):
+		block := &model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+			block.CustomDomains = slices.Clone(c.CustomDomains)
+			block.Subdomain = c.SubDomain
+			block.Multiplexer = c.Multiplexer
+			block.RouteByHTTPUser = c.RouteByHTTPUser
+		}
+		spec.TCPMux = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeSTCP):
+		block := &model.V2STCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.STCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.STCP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP):
+		block := &model.V2SUDPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.SUDPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.SUDP = block
+	case string(v1.ProxyTypeXTCP):
+		block := &model.V2XTCPProxySpec{}
+		if c, ok := cfg.(*v1.XTCPProxyConfig); ok {
+			block.V2ProxyBaseSpec = buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(c.GetBaseConfig())
+		}
+		spec.XTCP = block
+	}
+
+	return spec
+}
+
+func buildV2ProxyBaseSpec(base *v1.ProxyBaseConfig) model.V2ProxyBaseSpec {
+	return model.V2ProxyBaseSpec{
+		Annotations: maps.Clone(base.Annotations),
+		Metadatas:   maps.Clone(base.Metadatas),
+		Transport: &model.V2ProxyTransportSpec{
+			UseEncryption:      base.Transport.UseEncryption,
+			UseCompression:     base.Transport.UseCompression,
+			BandwidthLimit:     base.Transport.BandwidthLimit.String(),
+			BandwidthLimitMode: base.Transport.BandwidthLimitMode,
+		},
+		LoadBalancer: &model.V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec{
+			Group: base.LoadBalancer.Group,
 		},
 	}
 }

server/http/controller_v2_proxy_spec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package http
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	configtypes "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/types"
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/server/http/model"
+)
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxySpecAllTypesAndRedaction(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		proxyType string
+		cfg       v1.ProxyConfigurer
+		blockKeys []string
+	}{
+		{
+			proxyType: "tcp",
+			cfg: &v1.TCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "tcp"),
+				RemotePort:      6000,
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "remotePort", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "udp",
+			cfg: &v1.UDPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "udp"),
+				RemotePort:      7000,
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "remotePort", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "http",
+			cfg: &v1.HTTPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig:   newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "http"),
+				DomainConfig:      v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}, SubDomain: "app"},
+				Locations:         []string{"/api"},
+				HTTPUser:          "secret-http-user",
+				HTTPPassword:      "secret-http-password",
+				HostHeaderRewrite: "backend.example.com",
+				RequestHeaders:    v1.HeaderOperations{Set: map[string]string{"X-Secret": "secret-request-header"}},
+				ResponseHeaders:   v1.HeaderOperations{Set: map[string]string{"X-Secret": "secret-response-header"}},
+				RouteByHTTPUser:   "secret-http-route-user",
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "hostHeaderRewrite", "loadBalancer", "locations", "metadatas", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "https",
+			cfg: &v1.HTTPSProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "https"),
+				DomainConfig:    v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"secure.example.com"}, SubDomain: "secure"},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "tcpmux",
+			cfg: &v1.TCPMuxProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "tcpmux"),
+				DomainConfig:    v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}, SubDomain: "mux"},
+				HTTPUser:        strings.Join([]string{"secret", "mux-http-user"}, "-"),
+				HTTPPassword:    strings.Join([]string{"secret", "mux-http-password"}, "-"),
+				RouteByHTTPUser: "displayed-mux-user",
+				Multiplexer:     "httpconnect",
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "customDomains", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "multiplexer", "routeByHTTPUser", "subdomain", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "stcp",
+			cfg: &v1.STCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "stcp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "stcp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "stcp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "sudp",
+			cfg: &v1.SUDPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "sudp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "sudp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "sudp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+		{
+			proxyType: "xtcp",
+			cfg: &v1.XTCPProxyConfig{
+				ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "xtcp"),
+				Secretkey:       strings.Join([]string{"secret", "xtcp-key"}, "-"),
+				AllowUsers:      []string{strings.Join([]string{"secret", "xtcp-user"}, "-")},
+			},
+			blockKeys: []string{"annotations", "loadBalancer", "metadatas", "transport"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.proxyType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			spec := buildV2ProxySpec(tt.proxyType, tt.cfg)
+			raw := mustMarshalJSON(t, spec)
+
+			var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &specObject); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal spec failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, tt.proxyType, "type")
+
+			var gotType string
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(specObject["type"], &gotType); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal spec type failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			if gotType != tt.proxyType {
+				t.Fatalf("spec type mismatch, want %q got %q", tt.proxyType, gotType)
+			}
+
+			var block map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(specObject[tt.proxyType], &block); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal active block failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, block, tt.blockKeys...)
+			assertV2ProxyCommonSpec(t, block)
+			assertV2ProxyTypeFields(t, tt.proxyType, specObject[tt.proxyType])
+			assertNoV2ProxySensitiveFields(t, block)
+
+			content := string(raw)
+			for _, secret := range []string{
+				"secret-proxy-name",
+				"secret-group-key",
+				"secret-local-host",
+				"secret-plugin-user",
+				"secret-plugin-password",
+				"secret-health-path",
+				"secret-http-user",
+				"secret-http-password",
+				"secret-request-header",
+				"secret-response-header",
+				"secret-http-route-user",
+				"secret-mux-http-user",
+				"secret-mux-http-password",
+				"secret-stcp-key",
+				"secret-stcp-user",
+				"secret-sudp-key",
+				"secret-sudp-user",
+				"secret-xtcp-key",
+				"secret-xtcp-user",
+			} {
+				if strings.Contains(content, secret) {
+					t.Fatalf("sensitive value %q leaked in spec: %s", secret, content)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func assertV2ProxyTypeFields(t *testing.T, proxyType string, raw json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	switch proxyType {
+	case "tcp":
+		var block model.V2TCPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal tcp block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if block.RemotePort == nil || *block.RemotePort != 6000 {
+			t.Fatalf("tcp remote port mismatch: %#v", block.RemotePort)
+		}
+	case "udp":
+		var block model.V2UDPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal udp block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if block.RemotePort == nil || *block.RemotePort != 7000 {
+			t.Fatalf("udp remote port mismatch: %#v", block.RemotePort)
+		}
+	case "http":
+		var block model.V2HTTPProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal http block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "app.example.com" ||
+			block.Subdomain != "app" || len(block.Locations) != 1 || block.Locations[0] != "/api" ||
+			block.HostHeaderRewrite != "backend.example.com" {
+			t.Fatalf("http fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	case "https":
+		var block model.V2HTTPSProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal https block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "secure.example.com" || block.Subdomain != "secure" {
+			t.Fatalf("https fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	case "tcpmux":
+		var block model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &block); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unmarshal tcpmux block failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(block.CustomDomains) != 1 || block.CustomDomains[0] != "mux.example.com" ||
+			block.Subdomain != "mux" || block.Multiplexer != "httpconnect" || block.RouteByHTTPUser != "displayed-mux-user" {
+			t.Fatalf("tcpmux fields mismatch: %#v", block)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxyRespOfflineTypedShells(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, proxyType := range apiV2ProxyTypes {
+		t.Run(proxyType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp := (&Controller{}).buildV2ProxyResp(&mem.ProxyStats{
+				Name: "offline-" + proxyType,
+				Type: proxyType,
+			})
+			if resp.Status.State != "offline" {
+				t.Fatalf("offline phase mismatch: %#v", resp.Status)
+			}
+
+			var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(mustMarshalJSON(t, resp.Spec), &specObject); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unmarshal offline spec failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, proxyType, "type")
+			assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, specObject[proxyType])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildV2ProxySpecDoesNotPopulateMismatchedBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	spec := buildV2ProxySpec("tcp", &v1.UDPProxyConfig{
+		ProxyBaseConfig: newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t, "udp"),
+		RemotePort:      7000,
+	})
+
+	var specObject map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(mustMarshalJSON(t, spec), &specObject); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal mismatched spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, specObject, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, specObject["tcp"])
+}
+
+func newV2ProxyTestBaseConfig(t *testing.T, proxyType string) v1.ProxyBaseConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	bandwidthLimit, err := configtypes.NewBandwidthQuantity("10MB")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create bandwidth limit failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	enabled := false
+	return v1.ProxyBaseConfig{
+		Name:        "secret-proxy-name",
+		Type:        proxyType,
+		Enabled:     &enabled,
+		Annotations: map[string]string{"annotation-key": "annotation-value"},
+		Metadatas:   map[string]string{"metadata-key": "metadata-value"},
+		Transport: v1.ProxyTransport{
+			UseEncryption:        true,
+			UseCompression:       true,
+			BandwidthLimit:       bandwidthLimit,
+			BandwidthLimitMode:   configtypes.BandwidthLimitModeServer,
+			ProxyProtocolVersion: "v2",
+		},
+		LoadBalancer: v1.LoadBalancerConfig{
+			Group:    "public-group",
+			GroupKey: "secret-group-key",
+		},
+		HealthCheck: v1.HealthCheckConfig{
+			Type: "http",
+			Path: "secret-health-path",
+		},
+		ProxyBackend: v1.ProxyBackend{
+			LocalIP:   "secret-local-host",
+			LocalPort: 8080,
+			Plugin: v1.TypedClientPluginOptions{
+				Type: v1.PluginHTTPProxy,
+				ClientPluginOptions: &v1.HTTPProxyPluginOptions{
+					Type:         v1.PluginHTTPProxy,
+					HTTPUser:     "secret-plugin-user",
+					HTTPPassword: "secret-plugin-password",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func assertV2ProxyCommonSpec(t *testing.T, block map[string]json.RawMessage) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var annotations map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["annotations"], &annotations); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal annotations failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if annotations["annotation-key"] != "annotation-value" {
+		t.Fatalf("annotations mismatch: %#v", annotations)
+	}
+
+	var metadatas map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["metadatas"], &metadatas); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal metadatas failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if metadatas["metadata-key"] != "metadata-value" {
+		t.Fatalf("metadatas mismatch: %#v", metadatas)
+	}
+
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, block["transport"],
+		"bandwidthLimit",
+		"bandwidthLimitMode",
+		"useCompression",
+		"useEncryption",
+	)
+	var transport model.V2ProxyTransportSpec
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["transport"], &transport); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal transport failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !transport.UseEncryption || !transport.UseCompression ||
+		transport.BandwidthLimit != "10MB" || transport.BandwidthLimitMode != "server" {
+		t.Fatalf("transport mismatch: %#v", transport)
+	}
+
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, block["loadBalancer"], "group")
+	var loadBalancer model.V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(block["loadBalancer"], &loadBalancer); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal load balancer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if loadBalancer.Group != "public-group" {
+		t.Fatalf("load balancer mismatch: %#v", loadBalancer)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertNoV2ProxySensitiveFields(t *testing.T, value any) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	forbidden := map[string]struct{}{
+		"allowUsers":           {},
+		"enabled":              {},
+		"groupKey":             {},
+		"healthCheck":          {},
+		"httpPassword":         {},
+		"httpUser":             {},
+		"localIP":              {},
+		"localPort":            {},
+		"name":                 {},
+		"natTraversal":         {},
+		"plugin":               {},
+		"proxyProtocolVersion": {},
+		"requestHeaders":       {},
+		"responseHeaders":      {},
+		"secretKey":            {},
+		"type":                 {},
+	}
+
+	var walk func(any)
+	walk = func(current any) {
+		switch current := current.(type) {
+		case map[string]any:
+			for key, nested := range current {
+				if _, ok := forbidden[key]; ok {
+					t.Fatalf("sensitive field %q leaked in active block", key)
+				}
+				walk(nested)
+			}
+		case []any:
+			for _, nested := range current {
+				walk(nested)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal active block failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	var decoded any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &decoded); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode active block failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	walk(decoded)
+}

server/http/controller_v2_test.go

@@ -20,10 +20,13 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/types"
 	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/metrics/mem"
 	httppkg "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/http"
@@ -39,10 +42,16 @@ type v2EnvelopeForTest[T any] struct {
 }
 
 type fakeStatsCollector struct {
-	proxies map[string]*mem.ProxyStats
+	server    *mem.ServerStats
+	proxies   map[string]*mem.ProxyStats
+	traffic   map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo
+	pruneable map[string]bool
 }
 
 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetServer() *mem.ServerStats {
+	if f.server != nil {
+		return f.server
+	}
 	return &mem.ServerStats{ProxyTypeCounts: map[string]int64{}}
 }
 
@@ -69,13 +78,210 @@ func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetProxyByName(proxyName string) *mem.ProxyStats {
 }
 
 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) GetProxyTraffic(name string) *mem.ProxyTrafficInfo {
-	return nil
+	return f.traffic[name]
 }
 
 func (f *fakeStatsCollector) ClearOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
 	return 0, len(f.proxies)
 }
 
+func (f *fakeStatsCollector) PruneOfflineProxies() (int, int) {
+	total := len(f.proxies)
+	cleared := 0
+	for name := range f.pruneable {
+		if _, ok := f.proxies[name]; ok {
+			delete(f.proxies, name)
+			cleared++
+		}
+	}
+	f.pruneable = map[string]bool{}
+	return cleared, total
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemInfoEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		server: &mem.ServerStats{
+			TotalTrafficIn:  1024,
+			TotalTrafficOut: 2048,
+			CurConns:        3,
+			ClientCounts:    4,
+			ProxyTypeCounts: map[string]int64{
+				"tcp":  2,
+				"http": 1,
+			},
+		},
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{
+		BindPort:              7000,
+		VhostHTTPPort:         8080,
+		VhostHTTPSPort:        8443,
+		TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort: 9000,
+		KCPBindPort:           7001,
+		QUICBindPort:          7002,
+		SubDomainHost:         "example.com",
+		MaxPortsPerClient:     8,
+		AllowPorts: []types.PortsRange{
+			{Start: 1000, End: 1002},
+			{Single: 2000},
+		},
+		Transport: v1.ServerTransportConfig{
+			MaxPoolCount:     5,
+			HeartbeatTimeout: 90,
+			TLS: v1.TLSServerConfig{
+				Force: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/system/info")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+	}
+
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "config", "status", "version")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawResp.Data["config"],
+		"allowPortsStr",
+		"bindPort",
+		"heartbeatTimeout",
+		"kcpBindPort",
+		"maxPoolCount",
+		"maxPortsPerClient",
+		"quicBindPort",
+		"subdomainHost",
+		"tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort",
+		"tlsForce",
+		"vhostHTTPPort",
+		"vhostHTTPSPort",
+	)
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawResp.Data["status"],
+		"clientCounts",
+		"curConns",
+		"proxyTypeCount",
+		"totalTrafficIn",
+		"totalTrafficOut",
+	)
+
+	systemResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemInfoResp]](t, resp)
+	if systemResp.Data.Version == "" {
+		t.Fatal("version should be set at top level")
+	}
+	if systemResp.Data.Config.BindPort != 7000 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.VhostHTTPPort != 8080 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.VhostHTTPSPort != 8443 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort != 9000 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.KCPBindPort != 7001 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.QUICBindPort != 7002 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.SubdomainHost != "example.com" ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.MaxPoolCount != 5 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.MaxPortsPerClient != 8 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.HeartbeatTimeout != 90 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Config.AllowPortsStr != "1000-1002,2000" ||
+		!systemResp.Data.Config.TLSForce {
+		t.Fatalf("config mismatch: %#v", systemResp.Data.Config)
+	}
+	if systemResp.Data.Status.TotalTrafficIn != 1024 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.TotalTrafficOut != 2048 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.CurConns != 3 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ClientCounts != 4 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ProxyTypeCounts["tcp"] != 2 ||
+		systemResp.Data.Status.ProxyTypeCounts["http"] != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch: %#v", systemResp.Data.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemPruneOfflineProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	collector := &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			"tcp-offline":    {Name: "tcp-offline", Type: "tcp"},
+			"http-offline":   {Name: "http-offline", Type: "http"},
+			"udp-offline":    {Name: "udp-offline", Type: "udp"},
+			"tcp-online":     {Name: "tcp-online", Type: "tcp"},
+			"http-online":    {Name: "http-online", Type: "http"},
+			"udp-online":     {Name: "udp-online", Type: "udp"},
+			"stcp-restarted": {Name: "stcp-restarted", Type: "stcp"},
+			"xtcp-restarted": {Name: "xtcp-restarted", Type: "xtcp"},
+			"sudp-same-time": {Name: "sudp-same-time", Type: "sudp"},
+			"tcpmux-running": {Name: "tcpmux-running", Type: "tcpmux"},
+		},
+		pruneable: map[string]bool{
+			"tcp-offline":  true,
+			"http-offline": true,
+			"udp-offline":  true,
+		},
+	}
+	mem.StatsCollector = collector
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=offline_proxies")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "cleared", "total", "type")
+	pruneResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemPruneResp]](t, resp)
+	if pruneResp.Data.Type != "offline_proxies" || pruneResp.Data.Cleared != 3 || pruneResp.Data.Total != 10 {
+		t.Fatalf("prune response mismatch: %#v", pruneResp.Data)
+	}
+	if _, ok := collector.proxies["tcp-offline"]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("pruned proxy statistics should be removed")
+	}
+	if _, ok := collector.proxies["tcp-online"]; !ok {
+		t.Fatal("online proxy statistics should remain")
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=offline_proxies")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("second prune status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+	}
+	pruneResp = decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2SystemPruneResp]](t, resp)
+	if pruneResp.Data.Cleared != 0 || pruneResp.Data.Total != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("second prune response mismatch: %#v", pruneResp.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2SystemPruneTypeErrorsUseEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("missing type status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code)
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "type is required" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("missing type error envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequestWithMethod(router, http.MethodPost, "/api/v2/system/prune?type=clients")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid type status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code)
+	}
+	errResp = decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "type must be one of offline_proxies" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid type error envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAPIV2ClientListEnvelopePaginationAndFilters(t *testing.T) {
 	controller := newV2TestController(t)
 	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
@@ -146,10 +352,49 @@ func TestAPIV2ClientDetailEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
 	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
 		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d", http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
 	}
-	detailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.ClientInfoResp]](t, resp)
+	detailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ClientDetailResp]](t, resp)
 	if detailResp.Data.User != "alice" || detailResp.Data.ClientID != "client-a" {
 		t.Fatalf("client detail mismatch: %#v", detailResp.Data)
 	}
+	if detailResp.Data.Status.State != "online" || detailResp.Data.Status.CurConns != 5 || detailResp.Data.Status.ProxyCount != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("client detail status mismatch: %#v", detailResp.Data.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ClientDetailEncodedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			"tcp-url": {
+				Name:     "tcp-url",
+				Type:     "tcp",
+				User:     "url",
+				ClientID: "client/a?b#c",
+				CurConns: 7,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	clientRegistry := registry.NewClientRegistry()
+	clientRegistry.Register("url", "client/a?b#c", "run-url", "url-host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.4", "v2")
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, clientRegistry, serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	encodedKey := url.PathEscape("url.client/a?b#c")
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/clients/"+encodedKey)
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded client key status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	encodedResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ClientDetailResp]](t, resp)
+	if encodedResp.Data.User != "url" || encodedResp.Data.ClientID != "client/a?b#c" {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded client detail mismatch: %#v", encodedResp.Data)
+	}
+	if encodedResp.Data.Status.CurConns != 7 || encodedResp.Data.Status.ProxyCount != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded client detail status mismatch: %#v", encodedResp.Data.Status)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestAPIV2ProxyListDetailAndUsers(t *testing.T) {
@@ -171,28 +416,194 @@ func TestAPIV2ProxyListDetailAndUsers(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy filter total mismatch: %#v", proxyResp.Data)
 	}
 	proxyItem := proxyResp.Data.Items[0]
-	if proxyItem.Name != "tcp-empty" || proxyItem.Type != "tcp" || proxyItem.User != "" || proxyItem.Status.State != "offline" {
+	if proxyItem.Name != "tcp-empty" || proxyItem.Spec.Type != "tcp" || proxyItem.User != "" || proxyItem.Status.State != "offline" {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy item mismatch: %#v", proxyItem)
 	}
+	rawProxyResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2PageResp[map[string]json.RawMessage]]](t, resp)
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawProxyResp.Data.Items[0], "clientID", "name", "spec", "status", "user")
+	var rawListSpec map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawProxyResp.Data.Items[0]["spec"], &rawListSpec); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal list proxy spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawListSpec, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawListSpec["tcp"])
 
 	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/tcp-alice")
+	rawProxyDetailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawProxyDetailResp.Data["status"],
+		"curConns",
+		"lastCloseAt",
+		"lastStartAt",
+		"phase",
+		"todayTrafficIn",
+		"todayTrafficOut",
+	)
 	proxyDetailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyResp]](t, resp)
 	if proxyDetailResp.Data.Name != "tcp-alice" || proxyDetailResp.Data.User != "alice" {
 		t.Fatalf("proxy detail mismatch: %#v", proxyDetailResp.Data)
 	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawProxyDetailResp.Data, "clientID", "name", "spec", "status", "user")
+	var rawDetailSpec map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawProxyDetailResp.Data["spec"], &rawDetailSpec); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal detail proxy spec failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawDetailSpec, "tcp", "type")
+	assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, rawDetailSpec["tcp"])
+	if proxyDetailResp.Data.Status.LastStartAt != 1783504200 || proxyDetailResp.Data.Status.LastCloseAt != 1783504300 {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy detail timestamp mismatch: %#v", proxyDetailResp.Data.Status)
+	}
 
 	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/users?page=1&pageSize=50")
 	userResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2PageResp[model.V2UserResp]]](t, resp)
 	if userResp.Data.Total != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("user total mismatch: %#v", userResp.Data)
 	}
+	expectedProxyCounts := map[string]int{
+		"":      1,
+		"alice": 2,
+		"bob":   1,
+	}
 	for _, item := range userResp.Data.Items {
-		if item.ClientCount != 1 || item.ProxyCount != 1 {
+		if item.ClientCount != 1 || item.ProxyCount != expectedProxyCounts[item.User] {
 			t.Fatalf("user counts mismatch: %#v", item)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficEnvelopeSchemaAndHistory(t *testing.T) {
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			"ssh": {Name: "ssh", Type: "tcp"},
+		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			"ssh": {
+				Name:       "ssh",
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/ssh/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	rawResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[map[string]json.RawMessage]](t, resp)
+	if rawResp.Code != http.StatusOK || rawResp.Msg != "success" {
+		t.Fatalf("envelope mismatch: %#v", rawResp)
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, rawResp.Data, "granularity", "history", "name", "unit")
+
+	trafficResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyTrafficResp]](t, resp)
+	if trafficResp.Data.Name != "ssh" || trafficResp.Data.Unit != "bytes" || trafficResp.Data.Granularity != "day" {
+		t.Fatalf("traffic metadata mismatch: %#v", trafficResp.Data)
+	}
+	if len(trafficResp.Data.History) != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("history length mismatch, want 7 got %d: %#v", len(trafficResp.Data.History), trafficResp.Data.History)
+	}
+
+	wantIn := []int64{10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70}
+	wantOut := []int64{100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700}
+	var prevDate time.Time
+	for i, point := range trafficResp.Data.History {
+		assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t, mustMarshalJSON(t, point), "date", "trafficIn", "trafficOut")
+		if point.TrafficIn != wantIn[i] || point.TrafficOut != wantOut[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("history[%d] traffic mismatch: %#v", i, point)
+		}
+		parsedDate, err := time.Parse(time.DateOnly, point.Date)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("history[%d] date should be yyyy-mm-dd, got %q: %v", i, point.Date, err)
+		}
+		if i > 0 && !parsedDate.Equal(prevDate.AddDate(0, 0, 1)) {
+			t.Fatalf("history dates should be oldest to newest, got %s after %s", point.Date, prevDate.Format(time.DateOnly))
+		}
+		prevDate = parsedDate
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficNotFoundEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/missing/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusNotFound, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusNotFound || errResp.Msg != "no proxy info found" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("not found envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyDetailAndTrafficEncodedName(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "folder/ssh?x#y"
+	oldStatsCollector := mem.StatsCollector
+	mem.StatsCollector = &fakeStatsCollector{
+		proxies: map[string]*mem.ProxyStats{
+			name: {Name: name, Type: "tcp", User: "encoded"},
+		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			name: {
+				Name:       name,
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{1},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{2},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
+	})
+
+	controller := NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, registry.NewClientRegistry(), serverproxy.NewManager())
+	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
+	encodedName := url.PathEscape(name)
+
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/"+encodedName)
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded proxy detail status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	detailResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyResp]](t, resp)
+	if detailResp.Data.Name != name || detailResp.Data.User != "encoded" {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded proxy detail mismatch: %#v", detailResp.Data)
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/v2/proxies/"+encodedName+"/traffic")
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	trafficResp := decodeResponse[v2EnvelopeForTest[model.V2ProxyTrafficResp]](t, resp)
+	if trafficResp.Data.Name != name {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic name mismatch: %#v", trafficResp.Data)
+	}
+	if got := trafficResp.Data.History[len(trafficResp.Data.History)-1]; got.TrafficIn != 1 || got.TrafficOut != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("encoded traffic latest point mismatch: %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAPIV2ProxyTrafficInvalidEncodedNameUses400Envelope(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newV2TestController(t)
+	handler := httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyTraffic)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v2/proxies/%25ZZ/traffic", nil)
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{"name": "%ZZ"})
+	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+
+	if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status mismatch, want %d got %d, body: %s", http.StatusBadRequest, resp.Code, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	errResp := decodeResponse[httppkg.V2Response](t, resp)
+	if errResp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || errResp.Msg != "invalid proxy name" || errResp.Data != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("invalid encoded name envelope mismatch: %#v", errResp)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -202,66 +613,85 @@ func TestMatchV2ProxyQueryMatchesSpecFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "tcp remote port",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: &model.TCPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 6000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "6000",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "udp remote port",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "udp-proxy", Type: "udp", Spec: &model.UDPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 7000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "udp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "udp",
+				UDP:  &model.V2UDPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(7000)},
 			}},
 			q:    "7000",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "remote port does not match colon form",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: &model.TCPOutConf{
-				RemotePort: 6000,
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcp-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{RemotePort: v2TestIntPtr(6000)},
 			}},
 			q:    ":6000",
 			want: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "http custom domain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "http-proxy", Type: "http", Spec: &model.HTTPOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "http-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "http",
+				HTTP: &model.V2HTTPProxySpec{CustomDomains: []string{"app.example.com"}},
 			}},
 			q:    "app.example.com",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "https subdomain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Type: "https", Spec: &model.HTTPSOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{SubDomain: "portal"},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:  "https",
+				HTTPS: &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{Subdomain: "portal"},
 			}},
 			q:    "portal",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "subdomain does not match expanded host",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Type: "https", Spec: &model.HTTPSOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{SubDomain: "portal"},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "https-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:  "https",
+				HTTPS: &model.V2HTTPSProxySpec{Subdomain: "portal"},
 			}},
 			q:    "portal.example.com",
 			want: false,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "tcpmux custom domain",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcpmux-proxy", Type: "tcpmux", Spec: &model.TCPMuxOutConf{
-				DomainConfig: v1.DomainConfig{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}},
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "tcpmux-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type:   "tcpmux",
+				TCPMux: &model.V2TCPMuxProxySpec{CustomDomains: []string{"mux.example.com"}},
 			}},
 			q:    "mux.example.com",
 			want: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "nil spec does not match spec fields",
-			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Type: "tcp", Spec: nil},
+			name: "offline shell does not match online spec fields",
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{},
+			}},
 			q:    "6000",
 			want: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "offline shell does not contribute zero remote port",
+			item: model.V2ProxyResp{Name: "offline-proxy", Spec: model.V2ProxySpec{
+				Type: "tcp",
+				TCP:  &model.V2TCPProxySpec{},
+			}},
+			q:    "0",
+			want: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -277,7 +707,26 @@ func TestLegacyAPIResponsesRemainBare(t *testing.T) {
 	controller := newV2TestController(t)
 	router := newV2TestRouter(controller)
 
-	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/clients")
+	resp := performRequest(router, "/api/serverinfo")
+	var serverInfo model.ServerInfoResp
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &serverInfo); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should be a bare object: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if serverInfo.Version == "" {
+		t.Fatal("legacy serverinfo version should be set")
+	}
+	var serverInfoRaw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &serverInfoRaw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal legacy serverinfo object failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverInfoRaw["data"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should not use v2 envelope: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverInfoRaw["config"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy serverinfo should stay flat, got config in: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/clients")
 	var clients []model.ClientInfoResp
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &clients); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("legacy clients should be a bare array: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
@@ -298,6 +747,28 @@ func TestLegacyAPIResponsesRemainBare(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &envelope); err == nil && envelope.Code != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("legacy proxy response should not use v2 envelope: %#v", envelope)
 	}
+
+	resp = performRequest(router, "/api/traffic/tcp-alice")
+	var traffic model.GetProxyTrafficResp
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &traffic); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should be a bare object: %v, body: %s", err, resp.Body.String())
+	}
+	if traffic.Name != "tcp-alice" ||
+		len(traffic.TrafficIn) != 2 || traffic.TrafficIn[0] != 7 || traffic.TrafficIn[1] != 6 ||
+		len(traffic.TrafficOut) != 2 || traffic.TrafficOut[0] != 70 || traffic.TrafficOut[1] != 60 {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should preserve today-first arrays, got: %#v", traffic)
+	}
+	var trafficRaw map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &trafficRaw); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal legacy traffic object failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := trafficRaw["data"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy traffic should not use v2 envelope: %s", resp.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func v2TestIntPtr(value int) *int {
+	return &value
 }
 
 func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
@@ -322,6 +793,18 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 				ClientID:        "client-a",
 				TodayTrafficIn:  30,
 				TodayTrafficOut: 40,
+				CurConns:        2,
+				LastStartTime:   "07-08 12:30:00",
+				LastCloseTime:   "07-08 12:31:40",
+				LastStartAt:     1783504200,
+				LastCloseAt:     1783504300,
+			},
+			"http-alice": {
+				Name:     "http-alice",
+				Type:     "http",
+				User:     "alice",
+				ClientID: "client-a",
+				CurConns: 3,
 			},
 			"udp-bob": {
 				Name:     "udp-bob",
@@ -330,6 +813,13 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 				ClientID: "client-b",
 			},
 		},
+		traffic: map[string]*mem.ProxyTrafficInfo{
+			"tcp-alice": {
+				Name:       "tcp-alice",
+				TrafficIn:  []int64{7, 6},
+				TrafficOut: []int64{70, 60},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		mem.StatsCollector = oldStatsCollector
@@ -341,23 +831,34 @@ func newV2TestController(t *testing.T) *Controller {
 	clientRegistry.Register("bob", "client-b", "run-b", "bob-host", "1.0.0", "127.0.0.3", "v1")
 	clientRegistry.MarkOfflineByRunID("run-b")
 
-	return NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, clientRegistry, serverproxy.NewManager(), nil)
+	return NewController(&v1.ServerConfig{}, clientRegistry, serverproxy.NewManager())
 }
 
 func newV2TestRouter(controller *Controller) *mux.Router {
 	router := mux.NewRouter()
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/users", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2UserList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/info", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2SystemInfo)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/system/prune", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2SystemPrune)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ClientList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
-	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	encodedPathRouter := router.NewRoute().Subrouter()
+	encodedPathRouter.UseEncodedPath()
+	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/clients/{key}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ClientDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
-	router.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}/traffic", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyTraffic)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	encodedPathRouter.HandleFunc("/api/v2/proxies/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFuncV2(controller.APIV2ProxyDetail)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/serverinfo", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIServerInfo)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/clients", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIClientList)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	router.HandleFunc("/api/proxy/{type}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIProxyByType)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/api/traffic/{name}", httppkg.MakeHTTPHandlerFunc(controller.APIProxyTraffic)).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	return router
 }
 
 func performRequest(handler http.Handler, target string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, target, nil)
+	return performRequestWithMethod(handler, http.MethodGet, target)
+}
+
+func performRequestWithMethod(handler http.Handler, method, target string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, target, nil)
 	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 	return resp
@@ -372,3 +873,36 @@ func decodeResponse[T any](t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) T {
 	}
 	return out
 }
+
+func assertRawJSONKeys(t *testing.T, raw map[string]json.RawMessage, want ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if len(raw) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("json keys mismatch, want %v got %v", want, raw)
+	}
+	for _, key := range want {
+		if _, ok := raw[key]; !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("json key %q missing from %v", key, raw)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func assertRawJSONKeysFromMessage(t *testing.T, raw json.RawMessage, want ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var out map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal raw json object failed: %v, body: %s", err, string(raw))
+	}
+	assertRawJSONKeys(t, out, want...)
+}
+
+func mustMarshalJSON(t *testing.T, value any) json.RawMessage {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	out, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal json failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	return out
+}

server/http/model/v2.go

@@ -21,26 +21,159 @@ type V2PageResp[T any] struct {
 	Items    []T `json:"items"`
 }
 
+type V2SystemInfoResp struct {
+	Version string                 `json:"version"`
+	Config  V2SystemInfoConfigResp `json:"config"`
+	Status  V2SystemInfoStatusResp `json:"status"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemInfoConfigResp struct {
+	BindPort              int    `json:"bindPort"`
+	VhostHTTPPort         int    `json:"vhostHTTPPort"`
+	VhostHTTPSPort        int    `json:"vhostHTTPSPort"`
+	TCPMuxHTTPConnectPort int    `json:"tcpmuxHTTPConnectPort"`
+	KCPBindPort           int    `json:"kcpBindPort"`
+	QUICBindPort          int    `json:"quicBindPort"`
+	SubdomainHost         string `json:"subdomainHost"`
+	MaxPoolCount          int64  `json:"maxPoolCount"`
+	MaxPortsPerClient     int64  `json:"maxPortsPerClient"`
+	HeartbeatTimeout      int64  `json:"heartbeatTimeout"`
+	AllowPortsStr         string `json:"allowPortsStr"`
+	TLSForce              bool   `json:"tlsForce"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemInfoStatusResp struct {
+	TotalTrafficIn  int64            `json:"totalTrafficIn"`
+	TotalTrafficOut int64            `json:"totalTrafficOut"`
+	CurConns        int64            `json:"curConns"`
+	ClientCounts    int64            `json:"clientCounts"`
+	ProxyTypeCounts map[string]int64 `json:"proxyTypeCount"`
+}
+
+type V2SystemPruneResp struct {
+	Type    string `json:"type"`
+	Cleared int    `json:"cleared"`
+	Total   int    `json:"total"`
+}
+
 type V2UserResp struct {
 	User        string `json:"user"`
 	ClientCount int    `json:"clientCount"`
 	ProxyCount  int    `json:"proxyCount"`
 }
 
+type V2ClientDetailResp struct {
+	ClientInfoResp
+	Status V2ClientStatusResp `json:"status"`
+}
+
+type V2ClientStatusResp struct {
+	State      string `json:"phase"`
+	CurConns   int64  `json:"curConns"`
+	ProxyCount int64  `json:"proxyCount"`
+}
+
 type V2ProxyResp struct {
 	Name     string            `json:"name"`
-	Type     string            `json:"type"`
 	User     string            `json:"user"`
 	ClientID string            `json:"clientID"`
-	Spec     any               `json:"spec"`
+	Spec     V2ProxySpec       `json:"spec"`
 	Status   V2ProxyStatusResp `json:"status"`
 }
 
+type V2ProxySpec struct {
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+
+	TCP    *V2TCPProxySpec    `json:"tcp,omitempty"`
+	UDP    *V2UDPProxySpec    `json:"udp,omitempty"`
+	HTTP   *V2HTTPProxySpec   `json:"http,omitempty"`
+	HTTPS  *V2HTTPSProxySpec  `json:"https,omitempty"`
+	TCPMux *V2TCPMuxProxySpec `json:"tcpmux,omitempty"`
+	STCP   *V2STCPProxySpec   `json:"stcp,omitempty"`
+	SUDP   *V2SUDPProxySpec   `json:"sudp,omitempty"`
+	XTCP   *V2XTCPProxySpec   `json:"xtcp,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyBaseSpec struct {
+	Annotations  map[string]string        `json:"annotations,omitempty"`
+	Metadatas    map[string]string        `json:"metadatas,omitempty"`
+	Transport    *V2ProxyTransportSpec    `json:"transport,omitempty"`
+	LoadBalancer *V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec `json:"loadBalancer,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTransportSpec struct {
+	UseEncryption      bool   `json:"useEncryption"`
+	UseCompression     bool   `json:"useCompression"`
+	BandwidthLimit     string `json:"bandwidthLimit"`
+	BandwidthLimitMode string `json:"bandwidthLimitMode"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyLoadBalancerSpec struct {
+	Group string `json:"group"`
+}
+
+type V2TCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	RemotePort *int `json:"remotePort,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2UDPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	RemotePort *int `json:"remotePort,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2HTTPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains     []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain         string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+	Locations         []string `json:"locations,omitempty"`
+	HostHeaderRewrite string   `json:"hostHeaderRewrite,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2HTTPSProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain     string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2TCPMuxProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+	CustomDomains   []string `json:"customDomains,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain       string   `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+	Multiplexer     string   `json:"multiplexer,omitempty"`
+	RouteByHTTPUser string   `json:"routeByHTTPUser,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2STCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
+type V2SUDPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
+type V2XTCPProxySpec struct {
+	V2ProxyBaseSpec
+}
+
 type V2ProxyStatusResp struct {
 	State           string `json:"phase"`
 	TodayTrafficIn  int64  `json:"todayTrafficIn"`
 	TodayTrafficOut int64  `json:"todayTrafficOut"`
 	CurConns        int64  `json:"curConns"`
-	LastStartTime   string `json:"lastStartTime"`
-	LastCloseTime   string `json:"lastCloseTime"`
+	LastStartAt     int64  `json:"lastStartAt,omitempty"`
+	LastCloseAt     int64  `json:"lastCloseAt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTrafficResp struct {
+	Name        string                    `json:"name"`
+	Unit        string                    `json:"unit"`
+	Granularity string                    `json:"granularity"`
+	History     []V2ProxyTrafficPointResp `json:"history"`
+}
+
+type V2ProxyTrafficPointResp struct {
+	Date       string `json:"date"`
+	TrafficIn  int64  `json:"trafficIn"`
+	TrafficOut int64  `json:"trafficOut"`
 }

server/proxy/http.go

@@ -144,26 +144,18 @@ func (pxy *HTTPProxy) GetRealConn(remoteAddr string) (workConn net.Conn, err err
 		})
 	}
 
-	name := pxy.GetName()
-	proxyType := pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type
-	rwc = wrapCountingReadWriteCloser(rwc, func(bytes int64) {
-		metrics.Server.AddTrafficOut(name, proxyType, bytes)
-	}, func(bytes int64) {
-		metrics.Server.AddTrafficIn(name, proxyType, bytes)
-	})
-
 	workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, tmpConn)
-	workConn = netpkg.WrapCloseNotifyConn(workConn, func(error) {
-		pxy.updateStatsAfterClosedConn()
-	})
-	metrics.Server.OpenConnection(name, proxyType)
+	workConn = netpkg.WrapStatsConn(workConn, pxy.updateStatsAfterClosedConn)
+	metrics.Server.OpenConnection(pxy.GetName(), pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type)
 	return
 }
 
-func (pxy *HTTPProxy) updateStatsAfterClosedConn() {
+func (pxy *HTTPProxy) updateStatsAfterClosedConn(totalRead, totalWrite int64) {
 	name := pxy.GetName()
 	proxyType := pxy.GetConfigurer().GetBaseConfig().Type
 	metrics.Server.CloseConnection(name, proxyType)
+	metrics.Server.AddTrafficIn(name, proxyType, totalWrite)
+	metrics.Server.AddTrafficOut(name, proxyType, totalRead)
 }
 
 func (pxy *HTTPProxy) Close() {

server/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -82,19 +82,20 @@ type Proxy interface {
 }
 
 type BaseProxy struct {
-	name          string
-	rc            *controller.ResourceController
-	listeners     []net.Listener
-	usedPortsNum  int
-	poolCount     int
-	getWorkConnFn GetWorkConnFn
-	serverCfg     *v1.ServerConfig
-	encryptionKey []byte
-	limiter       *rate.Limiter
-	userInfo      plugin.UserInfo
-	loginMsg      *msg.Login
-	configurer    v1.ProxyConfigurer
-	wireProtocol  string
+	name           string
+	rc             *controller.ResourceController
+	listeners      []net.Listener
+	usedPortsNum   int
+	poolCount      int
+	getWorkConnFn  GetWorkConnFn
+	serverCfg      *v1.ServerConfig
+	encryptionKey  []byte
+	limiter        *rate.Limiter
+	userInfo       plugin.UserInfo
+	loginMsg       *msg.Login
+	configurer     v1.ProxyConfigurer
+	wireProtocol   string
+	udpPacketCodec string
 
 	mu  sync.RWMutex
 	xl  *xlog.Logger
@@ -317,29 +318,28 @@ func (pxy *BaseProxy) handleUserTCPConnection(userConn net.Conn) {
 
 	name := pxy.GetName()
 	proxyType := cfg.Type
-	local = wrapCountingReadWriteCloser(local, nil, func(bytes int64) {
-		metrics.Server.AddTrafficIn(name, proxyType, bytes)
-	})
-	userConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(
-		wrapCountingReadWriteCloser(userConn, nil, func(bytes int64) {
-			metrics.Server.AddTrafficOut(name, proxyType, bytes)
-		}),
-		userConn,
-	)
 	metrics.Server.OpenConnection(name, proxyType)
-	// Traffic is counted incrementally via the counting wrappers above, so the
-	// byte totals returned by joinUserConnection are intentionally discarded here.
-	_, _, _ = pxy.joinUserConnection(local, userConn, proxyType, xl)
+	inCount, outCount, _ := pxy.joinUserConnection(local, userConn, proxyType, xl)
 	metrics.Server.CloseConnection(name, proxyType)
+	metrics.Server.AddTrafficIn(name, proxyType, inCount)
+	metrics.Server.AddTrafficOut(name, proxyType, outCount)
 	xl.Debugf("join connections closed")
 }
 
 func (pxy *BaseProxy) joinUserConnection(local io.ReadWriteCloser, userConn net.Conn, proxyType string, xl *xlog.Logger) (int64, int64, []error) {
 	visitorWireProtocol := wireProtocolFromConn(userConn)
-	if proxyType == string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP) && isMixedWireProtocol(pxy.wireProtocol, visitorWireProtocol) {
-		xl.Infof("bridge mixed SUDP payload codecs, proxy wireProtocol [%s], visitor wireProtocol [%s]",
-			normalizeWireProtocol(pxy.wireProtocol), normalizeWireProtocol(visitorWireProtocol))
-		return joinSUDPMessageBridge(local, userConn, pxy.wireProtocol, visitorWireProtocol, xl)
+	visitorUDPPacketCodec := udpPacketCodecFromConn(userConn)
+	if proxyType == string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP) {
+		mixed, err := isMixedSUDPPacketEncoding(pxy.wireProtocol, pxy.udpPacketCodec, visitorWireProtocol, visitorUDPPacketCodec)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, []error{err}
+		}
+		if mixed {
+			xl.Infof("bridge mixed SUDP payload codecs, proxy [%s/%s], visitor [%s/%s]",
+				normalizeWireProtocol(pxy.wireProtocol), pxy.udpPacketCodec,
+				normalizeWireProtocol(visitorWireProtocol), visitorUDPPacketCodec)
+			return joinSUDPMessageBridge(local, userConn, pxy.wireProtocol, pxy.udpPacketCodec, visitorWireProtocol, visitorUDPPacketCodec, xl)
+		}
 	}
 	return libio.Join(local, userConn)
 }
@@ -348,6 +348,10 @@ type wireProtocolGetter interface {
 	WireProtocol() string
 }
 
+type udpPacketCodecGetter interface {
+	UDPPacketCodec() string
+}
+
 func wireProtocolFromConn(conn net.Conn) string {
 	if getter, ok := conn.(wireProtocolGetter); ok {
 		return getter.WireProtocol()
@@ -355,10 +359,46 @@ func wireProtocolFromConn(conn net.Conn) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func udpPacketCodecFromConn(conn net.Conn) string {
+	if getter, ok := conn.(udpPacketCodecGetter); ok {
+		return getter.UDPPacketCodec()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 func isMixedWireProtocol(left, right string) bool {
 	return normalizeWireProtocol(left) != normalizeWireProtocol(right)
 }
 
+func isMixedSUDPPacketEncoding(leftWire, leftCodec, rightWire, rightCodec string) (bool, error) {
+	leftCodec, err := normalizeUDPPacketCodec(leftWire, leftCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid left SUDP packet encoding: %w", err)
+	}
+	rightCodec, err = normalizeUDPPacketCodec(rightWire, rightCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid right SUDP packet encoding: %w", err)
+	}
+	return normalizeWireProtocol(leftWire) != normalizeWireProtocol(rightWire) || leftCodec != rightCodec, nil
+}
+
+func normalizeUDPPacketCodec(wireProtocol, codec string) (string, error) {
+	switch wireProtocol {
+	case "", wire.ProtocolV1:
+		if codec != "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("UDP packet codec %q requires wire protocol v2", codec)
+		}
+		return "", nil
+	case wire.ProtocolV2:
+		if codec == "" || codec == wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary {
+			return codec, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported UDP packet codec %q", codec)
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported wire protocol %q", wireProtocol)
+	}
+}
+
 func normalizeWireProtocol(wireProtocol string) string {
 	if wireProtocol == wire.ProtocolV2 {
 		return wire.ProtocolV2
@@ -370,13 +410,21 @@ func joinSUDPMessageBridge(
 	proxyConn io.ReadWriteCloser,
 	visitorConn io.ReadWriteCloser,
 	proxyWireProtocol string,
+	proxyUDPPacketCodec string,
 	visitorWireProtocol string,
+	visitorUDPPacketCodec string,
 	xl *xlog.Logger,
 ) (inCount int64, outCount int64, errs []error) {
 	// The mixed bridge decodes and re-encodes messages, so raw framed byte counts
 	// are not available. Count UDP payload bytes and ignore heartbeat traffic.
-	proxyRW := msg.NewReadWriter(proxyConn, proxyWireProtocol)
-	visitorRW := msg.NewReadWriter(visitorConn, visitorWireProtocol)
+	proxyRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(proxyConn, proxyWireProtocol, proxyUDPPacketCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, []error{err}
+	}
+	visitorRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(visitorConn, visitorWireProtocol, visitorUDPPacketCodec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, []error{err}
+	}
 
 	var (
 		once       sync.Once
@@ -478,6 +526,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	ServerCfg          *v1.ServerConfig
 	EncryptionKey      []byte
 	WireProtocol       string
+	UDPPacketCodec     string
 }
 
 func NewProxy(ctx context.Context, options *Options) (pxy Proxy, err error) {
@@ -491,20 +540,21 @@ func NewProxy(ctx context.Context, options *Options) (pxy Proxy, err error) {
 	}
 
 	basePxy := BaseProxy{
-		name:          configurer.GetBaseConfig().Name,
-		rc:            options.ResourceController,
-		listeners:     make([]net.Listener, 0),
-		poolCount:     options.PoolCount,
-		getWorkConnFn: options.GetWorkConnFn,
-		serverCfg:     options.ServerCfg,
-		encryptionKey: options.EncryptionKey,
-		limiter:       limiter,
-		xl:            xl,
-		ctx:           xlog.NewContext(ctx, xl),
-		userInfo:      options.UserInfo,
-		loginMsg:      options.LoginMsg,
-		configurer:    configurer,
-		wireProtocol:  options.WireProtocol,
+		name:           configurer.GetBaseConfig().Name,
+		rc:             options.ResourceController,
+		listeners:      make([]net.Listener, 0),
+		poolCount:      options.PoolCount,
+		getWorkConnFn:  options.GetWorkConnFn,
+		serverCfg:      options.ServerCfg,
+		encryptionKey:  options.EncryptionKey,
+		limiter:        limiter,
+		xl:             xl,
+		ctx:            xlog.NewContext(ctx, xl),
+		userInfo:       options.UserInfo,
+		loginMsg:       options.LoginMsg,
+		configurer:     configurer,
+		wireProtocol:   options.WireProtocol,
+		udpPacketCodec: options.UDPPacketCodec,
 	}
 
 	factory := proxyFactoryRegistry[reflect.TypeOf(configurer)]

server/proxy/sudp_benchmark_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The frp Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+)
+
+type sudpPathBenchmarkCase struct {
+	name   string
+	packet *msg.UDPPacket
+}
+
+var sudpPathBenchmarkBytesSink []byte
+
+func sudpPathBenchmarkCases(payloadSize int) []sudpPathBenchmarkCase {
+	content := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x5a}, payloadSize)
+	return []sudpPathBenchmarkCase{
+		{
+			name: "ipv4-remote",
+			packet: &msg.UDPPacket{
+				Content: content,
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv4-local-remote",
+			packet: &msg.UDPPacket{
+				Content: content,
+				LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.2"), Port: 23456,
+				},
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv6-remote",
+			packet: &msg.UDPPacket{
+				Content: content,
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 12345,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv6-local-remote",
+			packet: &msg.UDPPacket{
+				Content: content,
+				LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2"), Port: 23456, Zone: "bench0",
+				},
+				RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
+					IP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1"), Port: 12345, Zone: "bench1",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+type sudpPathReadWriter struct {
+	reader bytes.Reader
+}
+
+func (rw *sudpPathReadWriter) Read(p []byte) (int, error)  { return rw.reader.Read(p) }
+func (rw *sudpPathReadWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+func (rw *sudpPathReadWriter) Reset(p []byte)              { rw.reader.Reset(p) }
+
+func sudpPathWireBytes(b testing.TB, packet *msg.UDPPacket, codec string) []byte {
+	b.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	rw, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(&buf, wire.ProtocolV2, codec)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := rw.WriteMsg(packet); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return append([]byte(nil), buf.Bytes()...)
+}
+
+func sudpPathCopyFrame(dst, src []byte) []byte {
+	copy(dst, src)
+	return dst
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSUDPInMemoryFrameCopy(b *testing.B) {
+	// This is an in-memory copy of an already encoded frame. It is a proxy for
+	// frame-size-dependent copy work, not a benchmark of libio.Join or sockets.
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range sudpPathBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			for _, codec := range []struct {
+				name  string
+				value string
+			}{
+				{name: "json", value: ""},
+				{name: "binary", value: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary},
+			} {
+				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("payload-%d/%s/%s", payloadSize, tc.name, codec.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+					encoded := sudpPathWireBytes(b, tc.packet, codec.value)
+					dst := make([]byte, len(encoded))
+					b.SetBytes(int64(len(encoded)))
+					for b.Loop() {
+						dst = sudpPathCopyFrame(dst, encoded)
+					}
+					if !bytes.Equal(dst, encoded) {
+						b.Fatal("copied frame does not match source")
+					}
+					sudpPathBenchmarkBytesSink = dst
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSUDPEndpointCodecPair(b *testing.B) {
+	// This measures an in-memory decode and re-encode with the same codec. It
+	// does not include the live SUDP server path, sockets, goroutines, or I/O.
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range sudpPathBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			for _, codec := range []struct {
+				name  string
+				value string
+			}{
+				{name: "json", value: ""},
+				{name: "binary", value: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary},
+			} {
+				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("payload-%d/%s/%s", payloadSize, tc.name, codec.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+					encoded := sudpPathWireBytes(b, tc.packet, codec.value)
+					from := &sudpPathReadWriter{}
+					to := &bytes.Buffer{}
+					fromRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(from, wire.ProtocolV2, codec.value)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					toRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(to, wire.ProtocolV2, codec.value)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					b.SetBytes(int64(len(encoded)))
+					for b.Loop() {
+						from.Reset(encoded)
+						to.Reset()
+						m, err := fromRW.ReadMsg()
+						if err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+						if err := toRW.WriteMsg(m); err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+					}
+					if !bytes.Equal(to.Bytes(), encoded) {
+						b.Fatalf("re-encoded packet mismatch: got %d bytes, want %d", to.Len(), len(encoded))
+					}
+					sudpPathBenchmarkBytesSink = to.Bytes()
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSUDPMixedCodecTranscodeModel(b *testing.B) {
+	// This exercises the real codec decode/re-encode pair used by the mixed
+	// bridge, excluding sockets, goroutines, crypto, compression, and framing I/O.
+	for _, payloadSize := range []int{64, 512, 1200, 1472} {
+		for _, tc := range sudpPathBenchmarkCases(payloadSize) {
+			for _, direction := range []struct {
+				name string
+				from string
+				to   string
+			}{
+				{name: "json-to-binary", from: "", to: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary},
+				{name: "binary-to-json", from: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary, to: ""},
+			} {
+				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("payload-%d/%s/%s", payloadSize, tc.name, direction.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+					encoded := sudpPathWireBytes(b, tc.packet, direction.from)
+					expected := sudpPathWireBytes(b, tc.packet, direction.to)
+					from := &sudpPathReadWriter{}
+					to := &bytes.Buffer{}
+					fromRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(from, wire.ProtocolV2, direction.from)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					toRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(to, wire.ProtocolV2, direction.to)
+					if err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					b.SetBytes(int64(len(encoded)))
+					for b.Loop() {
+						from.Reset(encoded)
+						to.Reset()
+						m, err := fromRW.ReadMsg()
+						if err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+						if err := toRW.WriteMsg(m); err != nil {
+							b.Fatal(err)
+						}
+					}
+					if !bytes.Equal(to.Bytes(), expected) {
+						b.Fatalf("transcoded packet mismatch: got %d bytes, want %d", to.Len(), len(expected))
+					}
+					sudpPathBenchmarkBytesSink = to.Bytes()
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var _ io.ReadWriter = (*sudpPathReadWriter)(nil)

server/proxy/sudp_test.go

@@ -18,22 +18,27 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"net"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	v1 "github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/config/v1"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/msg"
 	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/proto/wire"
+	"github.com/fatedier/frp/pkg/util/xlog"
 )
 
 func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesProxyV1ToVisitorV2(t *testing.T) {
 	var in, out bytes.Buffer
-	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, &msg.UDPPacket{Content: []byte("proxy-to-visitor")})
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, "", &msg.UDPPacket{Content: []byte("proxy-to-visitor")})
 
 	var count int64
 	err := bridgeSUDPProxyToVisitor(
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&in, wire.ProtocolV1),
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV2),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
 		&count,
 		nil,
 	)
@@ -53,12 +58,12 @@ func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesProxyV1ToVisitorV2(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesVisitorV2ToProxyV1(t *testing.T) {
 	var in, out bytes.Buffer
-	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, &msg.UDPPacket{Content: []byte("visitor-to-proxy")})
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, "", &msg.UDPPacket{Content: []byte("visitor-to-proxy")})
 
 	var count int64
 	err := bridgeSUDPVisitorToProxy(
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&in, wire.ProtocolV2),
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV1),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV1, ""),
 		&count,
 		nil,
 	)
@@ -76,33 +81,67 @@ func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesVisitorV2ToProxyV1(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, []byte("visitor-to-proxy"), got.Content)
 }
 
-func TestSUDPBridgeForwardsProxyPing(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesProxyV2BinaryToVisitorV2JSON(t *testing.T) {
 	var in, out bytes.Buffer
-	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, &msg.Ping{})
+	packet := newSUDPBridgeUDPPacket("proxy-binary-to-json")
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary, packet)
 
 	var count int64
 	err := bridgeSUDPProxyToVisitor(
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&in, wire.ProtocolV1),
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV2),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		&count,
+		nil,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(len(packet.Content)), count)
+	requireV2UDPPacketFrame(t, &out, msg.V2TypeUDPPacket, packet)
+}
+
+func TestSUDPBridgeTranscodesVisitorV2JSONToProxyV2Binary(t *testing.T) {
+	var in, out bytes.Buffer
+	packet := newSUDPBridgeUDPPacket("visitor-json-to-binary")
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, "", packet)
+
+	var count int64
+	err := bridgeSUDPVisitorToProxy(
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary),
+		&count,
+		nil,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(len(packet.Content)), count)
+	requireV2UDPPacketFrame(t, &out, msg.V2TypeUDPPacketBinary, packet)
+}
+
+func TestSUDPBridgeForwardsProxyPing(t *testing.T) {
+	var in, out bytes.Buffer
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, "", &msg.Ping{})
+
+	var count int64
+	err := bridgeSUDPProxyToVisitor(
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV1, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
 		&count,
 		nil,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Zero(t, count)
 
-	rawMsg, err := msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV2).ReadMsg()
+	rawMsg, err := newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, "").ReadMsg()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.IsType(t, &msg.Ping{}, rawMsg)
 }
 
 func TestSUDPBridgeDropsVisitorPing(t *testing.T) {
 	var in, out bytes.Buffer
-	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, &msg.Ping{})
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, "", &msg.Ping{})
 
 	var count int64
 	err := bridgeSUDPVisitorToProxy(
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&in, wire.ProtocolV2),
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV1),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV1, ""),
 		&count,
 		nil,
 	)
@@ -113,12 +152,12 @@ func TestSUDPBridgeDropsVisitorPing(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestSUDPBridgeRejectsUnknownVisitorMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	var in, out bytes.Buffer
-	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, &msg.Pong{})
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, "", &msg.Pong{})
 
 	var count int64
 	err := bridgeSUDPVisitorToProxy(
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&in, wire.ProtocolV2),
-		msg.NewReadWriter(&out, wire.ProtocolV1),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV1, ""),
 		&count,
 		nil,
 	)
@@ -127,6 +166,22 @@ func TestSUDPBridgeRejectsUnknownVisitorMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Empty(t, out.Bytes())
 }
 
+func TestSUDPBridgeRejectsMismatchedPacketCodecOnStream(t *testing.T) {
+	var in, out bytes.Buffer
+	writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, "", newSUDPBridgeUDPPacket("json-on-binary-stream"))
+
+	var count int64
+	err := bridgeSUDPProxyToVisitor(
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &in, wire.ProtocolV2, wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary),
+		newSUDPBridgeRW(t, &out, wire.ProtocolV2, ""),
+		&count,
+		nil,
+	)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "received JSON UDP packet after binary codec negotiation")
+	require.Zero(t, count)
+	require.Empty(t, out.Bytes())
+}
+
 func TestSUDPBridgeDetectsMixedWireProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	require.False(t, isMixedWireProtocol("", wire.ProtocolV1))
 	require.False(t, isMixedWireProtocol(wire.ProtocolV2, wire.ProtocolV2))
@@ -134,8 +189,170 @@ func TestSUDPBridgeDetectsMixedWireProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, isMixedWireProtocol(wire.ProtocolV2, wire.ProtocolV1))
 }
 
-func writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t *testing.T, buf *bytes.Buffer, wireProtocol string, m msg.Message) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	require.NoError(t, msg.NewReadWriter(buf, wireProtocol).WriteMsg(m))
+func TestSUDPBridgeDetectsMixedPacketEncoding(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name       string
+		leftWire   string
+		leftCodec  string
+		rightWire  string
+		rightCodec string
+		mixed      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "legacy v1 aliases explicit v1", leftWire: "", rightWire: wire.ProtocolV1},
+		{name: "v2 json matches v2 json", leftWire: wire.ProtocolV2, rightWire: wire.ProtocolV2},
+		{
+			name:       "v2 binary matches v2 binary",
+			leftWire:   wire.ProtocolV2,
+			leftCodec:  wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			rightWire:  wire.ProtocolV2,
+			rightCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+		},
+		{name: "v1 json differs from v2 json", leftWire: wire.ProtocolV1, rightWire: wire.ProtocolV2, mixed: true},
+		{
+			name:       "v2 json differs from v2 binary",
+			leftWire:   wire.ProtocolV2,
+			rightWire:  wire.ProtocolV2,
+			rightCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			mixed:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "v2 binary differs from v1 json",
+			leftWire:  wire.ProtocolV2,
+			leftCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			rightWire: wire.ProtocolV1,
+			mixed:     true,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mixed, err := isMixedSUDPPacketEncoding(tc.leftWire, tc.leftCodec, tc.rightWire, tc.rightCodec)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.mixed, mixed)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSUDPBridgeRejectsInvalidEncodingMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name       string
+		leftWire   string
+		leftCodec  string
+		rightWire  string
+		rightCodec string
+		wantErr    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "left v1 binary",
+			leftWire:  wire.ProtocolV1,
+			leftCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+			rightWire: wire.ProtocolV1,
+			wantErr:   "invalid left SUDP packet encoding",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "right unknown v2 codec",
+			leftWire:   wire.ProtocolV2,
+			rightWire:  wire.ProtocolV2,
+			rightCodec: "snappy",
+			wantErr:    "invalid right SUDP packet encoding",
+		},
+		{name: "left unknown wire", leftWire: "v3", rightWire: wire.ProtocolV2, wantErr: "unsupported wire protocol"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mixed, err := isMixedSUDPPacketEncoding(tc.leftWire, tc.leftCodec, tc.rightWire, tc.rightCodec)
+			require.False(t, mixed)
+			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSUDPJoinUsesRawPathForSameEncodingState(t *testing.T) {
+	proxyClient, proxyServer := net.Pipe()
+	visitorClient, visitorServer := net.Pipe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = proxyClient.Close()
+		_ = proxyServer.Close()
+		_ = visitorClient.Close()
+		_ = visitorServer.Close()
+	})
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, proxyClient.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, proxyServer.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, visitorClient.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, visitorServer.SetDeadline(deadline))
+
+	pxy := &BaseProxy{
+		configurer:     &v1.SUDPProxyConfig{},
+		wireProtocol:   wire.ProtocolV2,
+		udpPacketCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary,
+	}
+	visitorConn := &metadataConn{Conn: visitorServer, wireProtocol: wire.ProtocolV2, udpPacketCodec: wire.UDPPacketCodecBinary}
+	joinDone := make(chan []error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, _, errs := pxy.joinUserConnection(proxyServer, visitorConn, string(v1.ProxyTypeSUDP), xlog.New())
+		joinDone <- errs
+	}()
+
+	raw := []byte{0, 16, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef}
+	_, err := proxyClient.Write(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got := make([]byte, len(raw))
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(visitorClient, got)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, raw, got)
+
+	_ = proxyClient.Close()
+	_ = visitorClient.Close()
+	<-joinDone
+}
+
+func newSUDPBridgeRW(t *testing.T, buf *bytes.Buffer, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec string) msg.ReadWriter {
+	t.Helper()
+	rw, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(buf, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return rw
+}
+
+func writeSUDPBridgeMsg(t *testing.T, buf *bytes.Buffer, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec string, m msg.Message) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, newSUDPBridgeRW(t, buf, wireProtocol, udpPacketCodec).WriteMsg(m))
+}
+
+func newSUDPBridgeUDPPacket(content string) *msg.UDPPacket {
+	return &msg.UDPPacket{
+		Content:    []byte(content),
+		RemoteAddr: &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("192.0.2.1"), Port: 12345},
+	}
+}
+
+func requireV2UDPPacketFrame(t *testing.T, buf *bytes.Buffer, wantType uint16, want *msg.UDPPacket) {
+	t.Helper()
+	frame, err := wire.NewConn(buf).ReadFrame()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, wire.FrameTypeMessage, frame.Type)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(frame.Payload), 2)
+	require.Equal(t, wantType, binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame.Payload[:2]))
+	var got *msg.UDPPacket
+	if wantType == msg.V2TypeUDPPacketBinary {
+		got, err = msg.DecodeUDPPacketBinary(frame.Payload[2:])
+	} else {
+		var decoded msg.UDPPacket
+		err = msg.DecodeV2MessageFrameInto(frame, &decoded)
+		got = &decoded
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, want.Content, got.Content)
+	require.Equal(t, want.RemoteAddr.String(), got.RemoteAddr.String())
+}
+
+type metadataConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	wireProtocol   string
+	udpPacketCodec string
+}
+
+func (c *metadataConn) WireProtocol() string {
+	return c.wireProtocol
+}
+
+func (c *metadataConn) UDPPacketCodec() string {
+	return c.udpPacketCodec
 }

server/proxy/traffic_counter.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-package proxy
-
-import "io"
-
-type countingReadWriteCloser struct {
-	io.ReadWriteCloser
-	onRead  func(int64)
-	onWrite func(int64)
-}
-
-func wrapCountingReadWriteCloser(rwc io.ReadWriteCloser, onRead, onWrite func(int64)) io.ReadWriteCloser {
-	if onRead == nil && onWrite == nil {
-		return rwc
-	}
-	return &countingReadWriteCloser{
-		ReadWriteCloser: rwc,
-		onRead:          onRead,
-		onWrite:         onWrite,
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *countingReadWriteCloser) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.ReadWriteCloser.Read(p)
-	if n > 0 && c.onRead != nil {
-		c.onRead(int64(n))
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func (c *countingReadWriteCloser) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.ReadWriteCloser.Write(p)
-	if n > 0 && c.onWrite != nil {
-		c.onWrite(int64(n))
-	}
-	return
-}

server/proxy/udp.go

@@ -224,7 +224,13 @@ func (pxy *UDPProxy) Run() (remoteAddr string, err error) {
 
 			pxy.workConn = netpkg.WrapReadWriteCloserToConn(rwc, workConn)
 			// Plain UDP payload follows the negotiated wire protocol for message framing.
-			payloadConn := msg.NewConn(pxy.workConn, msg.NewReadWriter(pxy.workConn, pxy.wireProtocol))
+			payloadRW, err := msg.NewUDPPacketReadWriter(pxy.workConn, pxy.wireProtocol, pxy.udpPacketCodec)
+			if err != nil {
+				xl.Errorf("create UDP packet read writer: %v", err)
+				pxy.workConn.Close()
+				continue
+			}
+			payloadConn := msg.NewConn(pxy.workConn, payloadRW)
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 			go workConnReaderFn(payloadConn)
 			go workConnSenderFn(payloadConn, ctx)