feat(tls): reassemble hello messages split across TLS records

A handshake message may span any number of records, and splitting the
ClientHello into tiny records hides the SNI from analyzers that expect it
in the first one. The tls analyzer read the first record header and then
cut the handshake body straight out of the stream, so fragmented hellos
either stalled until Limit() or failed to parse, and every SNI rule was
bypassed.

The record layer is now peeled off and the hello rebuilt from the record
bodies before parsing, for both ClientHello and ServerHello. The number of
records a hello spanned is exposed as tls.req_records / tls.resp_records,
kept outside req/resp so a non-nil req still means a fully parsed hello.
Fragmentation is published as soon as a second record shows up, since
1-byte records can stretch a hello past Limit() and it never completes.

docs: add TLS record fragmentation doc, correct the claim in the TCP
window evasion doc that tls is unaffected by splitting.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-09-24 17:31:57 +08:00
co-authored by Claude Opus 5.5
parent 8f8cc1d4d9
commit ae7135ab64
5 changed files with 391 additions and 200 deletions
+169 -168
View File
@@ -22,38 +22,68 @@ func (a *TLSAnalyzer) NewTCP(info analyzer.TCPInfo, logger analyzer.Logger) anal
return newTLSStream(logger)
}
const (
// tlsRecordHeaderSize is content type (1 byte) + legacy protocol version
// (2 bytes) + length (2 bytes).
tlsRecordHeaderSize = 5
// tlsMaxPlaintextLen is the largest body a plaintext record may carry.
tlsMaxPlaintextLen = 1 << 14
// tlsHandshakeHeaderSize is message type (1 byte) + length (3 bytes).
tlsHandshakeHeaderSize = 4
)
type tlsStream struct {
logger analyzer.Logger
reqBuf *utils.ByteBuffer
reqMap analyzer.PropMap
reqUpdated bool
reqLSM *utils.LinearStateMachine
reqDone bool
req tlsHello
resp tlsHello
}
respBuf *utils.ByteBuffer
respMap analyzer.PropMap
respUpdated bool
respLSM *utils.LinearStateMachine
respDone bool
// tlsHello reads one hello message off one direction of the stream.
//
// A handshake message may be split across any number of records (RFC 8446
// 5.1), and splitting the ClientHello into tiny records is a common way to
// hide the SNI from middleboxes that expect it in the first record. So the
// record layer is peeled off first and the message is rebuilt from the record
// bodies before it is parsed.
type tlsHello struct {
rec utils.ByteBuffer // record layer bytes not consumed yet
msg utils.ByteBuffer // handshake layer bytes collected so far
lsm *utils.LinearStateMachine
clientHelloLen int
serverHelloLen int
msgType byte
minLen int // smallest valid message body
parse func(*utils.ByteBuffer) analyzer.PropMap // parses the message body
recLeft int // body bytes of the current record not consumed yet
msgLen int // message body length, -1 until the handshake header is read
records int // records that have carried the message so far
reported int // value of records last published
m analyzer.PropMap
updated bool
done bool
}
func newTLSStream(logger analyzer.Logger) *tlsStream {
s := &tlsStream{logger: logger, reqBuf: &utils.ByteBuffer{}, respBuf: &utils.ByteBuffer{}}
s.reqLSM = utils.NewLinearStateMachine(
s.tlsClientHelloPreprocess,
s.parseClientHelloData,
)
s.respLSM = utils.NewLinearStateMachine(
s.tlsServerHelloPreprocess,
s.parseServerHelloData,
)
s := &tlsStream{logger: logger}
// minimal ClientHello body: protocol version (2 bytes) + random (32 bytes) +
// + session ID (1 byte) + cipher suites (4 bytes) +
// + compression methods (2 bytes) + no extensions
s.req.init(internal.TypeClientHello, 41, internal.ParseTLSClientHelloMsgData)
// minimal ServerHello body: server version (2 bytes) + random (32 bytes) +
// + session ID (>=1 byte) + cipher suite (2 bytes) +
// + compression method (1 byte) + no extensions
s.resp.init(internal.TypeServerHello, 38, internal.ParseTLSServerHelloMsgData)
return s
}
func (h *tlsHello) init(msgType byte, minLen int, parse func(*utils.ByteBuffer) analyzer.PropMap) {
h.msgType, h.minLen, h.parse = msgType, minLen, parse
h.msgLen = -1
h.lsm = utils.NewLinearStateMachine(h.readMessage, h.parseMessage)
}
func (s *tlsStream) Feed(rev, start, end bool, skip int, data []byte) (u *analyzer.PropUpdate, done bool) {
if skip != 0 {
return nil, true
@@ -61,166 +91,137 @@ func (s *tlsStream) Feed(rev, start, end bool, skip int, data []byte) (u *analyz
if len(data) == 0 {
return nil, false
}
var update *analyzer.PropUpdate
var cancelled bool
h, key := &s.req, "req"
if rev {
s.respBuf.Append(data)
s.respUpdated = false
cancelled, s.respDone = s.respLSM.Run()
if s.respUpdated {
update = &analyzer.PropUpdate{
Type: analyzer.PropUpdateMerge,
M: analyzer.PropMap{"resp": s.respMap},
h, key = &s.resp, "resp"
}
if h.done {
return nil, false
}
h.rec.Append(data)
h.updated = false
var cancelled bool
cancelled, h.done = h.lsm.Run()
// A fragmented hello is published as soon as it shows up, not only once
// the message is complete: a peer can make it too large to ever complete
// within Limit(), and a rule should not need the SNI to act on it.
if m := h.update(key, h.updated || (h.records > 1 && h.reported <= 1)); m != nil {
u = &analyzer.PropUpdate{Type: analyzer.PropUpdateMerge, M: m}
}
return u, cancelled || (s.req.done && s.resp.done)
}
// update returns the properties to publish for this direction, or nil if
// there is nothing to publish. The parsed message goes under key, the record
// count under key + "_records". The record count is kept out of the message
// map so that a non-nil message map still means a fully parsed hello.
func (h *tlsHello) update(key string, publish bool) analyzer.PropMap {
if !publish || h.records == 0 {
return nil
}
m := analyzer.PropMap{key + "_records": h.records}
if h.updated {
m[key] = h.m
h.updated = false
}
h.reported = h.records
return m
}
// readMessage consumes records until a whole hello message is collected in
// h.msg.
func (h *tlsHello) readMessage() utils.LSMAction {
for {
if h.msgLen < 0 && h.msg.Len() >= tlsHandshakeHeaderSize {
header := h.msg.Buf
if header[0] != h.msgType {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
h.msgLen = int(header[1])<<16 | int(header[2])<<8 | int(header[3])
if h.msgLen < h.minLen {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
s.respUpdated = false
}
} else {
s.reqBuf.Append(data)
s.reqUpdated = false
cancelled, s.reqDone = s.reqLSM.Run()
if s.reqUpdated {
update = &analyzer.PropUpdate{
Type: analyzer.PropUpdateMerge,
M: analyzer.PropMap{"req": s.reqMap},
if h.msgLen >= 0 && h.msg.Len() >= tlsHandshakeHeaderSize+h.msgLen {
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
if h.recLeft == 0 {
header, ok := h.rec.Get(tlsRecordHeaderSize, true)
if !ok {
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
s.reqUpdated = false
if header[0] != internal.RecordTypeHandshake {
// Nothing else may come between the records of a handshake
// message.
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
h.recLeft = int(header[3])<<8 | int(header[4])
if h.recLeft > tlsMaxPlaintextLen {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
// Empty records are forbidden for handshake messages, but still
// counted rather than rejected: a peer that sends them anyway is
// fragmenting, and rejecting them would stop the analysis.
h.records++
continue
}
n := min(h.recLeft, h.rec.Len())
if n == 0 {
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
body, _ := h.rec.Get(n, true)
h.recLeft -= n
if h.msg.Len() == 0 {
// Usually the whole message sits in this one chunk, so reference
// it instead of copying. The capacity is capped so that a later
// Append reallocates rather than writing into h.rec.
h.msg.Buf = body[:n:n]
} else {
h.msg.Append(body)
}
}
return update, cancelled || (s.reqDone && s.respDone)
}
// tlsClientHelloPreprocess validates ClientHello message.
// parseMessage converts the collected hello message into h.m.
//
// During validation, message header and first handshake header may be removed
// from `s.reqBuf`.
func (s *tlsStream) tlsClientHelloPreprocess() utils.LSMAction {
// headers size: content type (1 byte) + legacy protocol version (2 bytes) +
// + content length (2 bytes) + message type (1 byte) +
// + handshake length (3 bytes)
const headersSize = 9
// minimal data size: protocol version (2 bytes) + random (32 bytes) +
// + session ID (1 byte) + cipher suites (4 bytes) +
// + compression methods (2 bytes) + no extensions
const minDataSize = 41
header, ok := s.reqBuf.Get(headersSize, true)
if !ok {
// not a full header yet
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
if header[0] != internal.RecordTypeHandshake || header[5] != internal.TypeClientHello {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
s.clientHelloLen = int(header[6])<<16 | int(header[7])<<8 | int(header[8])
if s.clientHelloLen < minDataSize {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
// TODO: something is missing. See:
// const messageHeaderSize = 4
// fullMessageLen := int(header[3])<<8 | int(header[4])
// msgNo := fullMessageLen / int(messageHeaderSize+s.serverHelloLen)
// if msgNo != 1 {
// // what here?
// }
// if messageNo != int(messageNo) {
// // what here?
// }
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
// tlsServerHelloPreprocess validates ServerHello message.
//
// During validation, message header and first handshake header may be removed
// from `s.reqBuf`.
func (s *tlsStream) tlsServerHelloPreprocess() utils.LSMAction {
// header size: content type (1 byte) + legacy protocol version (2 byte) +
// + content length (2 byte) + message type (1 byte) +
// + handshake length (3 byte)
const headersSize = 9
// minimal data size: server version (2 byte) + random (32 byte) +
// + session ID (>=1 byte) + cipher suite (2 byte) +
// + compression method (1 byte) + no extensions
const minDataSize = 38
header, ok := s.respBuf.Get(headersSize, true)
if !ok {
// not a full header yet
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
if header[0] != internal.RecordTypeHandshake || header[5] != internal.TypeServerHello {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
s.serverHelloLen = int(header[6])<<16 | int(header[7])<<8 | int(header[8])
if s.serverHelloLen < minDataSize {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
}
// TODO: something is missing. See example:
// const messageHeaderSize = 4
// fullMessageLen := int(header[3])<<8 | int(header[4])
// msgNo := fullMessageLen / int(messageHeaderSize+s.serverHelloLen)
// if msgNo != 1 {
// // what here?
// }
// if messageNo != int(messageNo) {
// // what here?
// }
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
// parseClientHelloData converts valid ClientHello message data (without
// headers) into `analyzer.PropMap`.
//
// Parsing error may leave `s.reqBuf` in an unusable state.
func (s *tlsStream) parseClientHelloData() utils.LSMAction {
chBuf, ok := s.reqBuf.GetSubBuffer(s.clientHelloLen, true)
if !ok {
// Not a full client hello yet
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
m := internal.ParseTLSClientHelloMsgData(chBuf)
// Anything after the message, such as the rest of the server's flight, is
// ignored.
func (h *tlsHello) parseMessage() utils.LSMAction {
body := &utils.ByteBuffer{Buf: h.msg.Buf[tlsHandshakeHeaderSize : tlsHandshakeHeaderSize+h.msgLen]}
m := h.parse(body)
h.rec.Reset()
h.msg.Reset()
if m == nil {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
} else {
s.reqUpdated = true
s.reqMap = m
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
}
// parseServerHelloData converts valid ServerHello message data (without
// headers) into `analyzer.PropMap`.
//
// Parsing error may leave `s.respBuf` in an unusable state.
func (s *tlsStream) parseServerHelloData() utils.LSMAction {
shBuf, ok := s.respBuf.GetSubBuffer(s.serverHelloLen, true)
if !ok {
// Not a full server hello yet
return utils.LSMActionPause
}
m := internal.ParseTLSServerHelloMsgData(shBuf)
if m == nil {
return utils.LSMActionCancel
} else {
s.respUpdated = true
s.respMap = m
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
h.m = m
h.updated = true
return utils.LSMActionNext
}
func (s *tlsStream) Close(limited bool) *analyzer.PropUpdate {
s.reqBuf.Reset()
s.respBuf.Reset()
s.reqMap = nil
s.respMap = nil
return nil
// Report how far a fragmented hello got if it never completed, e.g.
// because it was stretched past Limit().
m := s.req.update("req", s.req.records > 1 && s.req.records > s.req.reported)
if rm := s.resp.update("resp", s.resp.records > 1 && s.resp.records > s.resp.reported); rm != nil {
if m == nil {
m = rm
} else {
for k, v := range rm {
m[k] = v
}
}
}
s.req.close()
s.resp.close()
if m == nil {
return nil
}
return &analyzer.PropUpdate{Type: analyzer.PropUpdateMerge, M: m}
}
func (h *tlsHello) close() {
h.rec.Reset()
h.msg.Reset()
h.m = nil
}
+150 -31
View File
@@ -7,39 +7,42 @@ import (
"github.com/apernet/OpenGFW/analyzer"
)
func TestTlsStreamParsing_ClientHello(t *testing.T) {
// example packet taken from <https://tls12.xargs.org/#client-hello/annotated>
clientHello := []byte{
0x16, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa1, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00,
0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,
0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0xcc, 0xa8,
0xcc, 0xa9, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0xc0, 0x30, 0xc0, 0x2b, 0xc0, 0x2c, 0xc0, 0x13,
0xc0, 0x09, 0xc0, 0x14, 0xc0, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x00, 0x9d, 0x00, 0x2f,
0x00, 0x35, 0xc0, 0x12, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x65, 0x78, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70,
0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x68, 0x65, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x6e,
0x65, 0x74, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x0a, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00,
0x19, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00,
0x10, 0x04, 0x01, 0x04, 0x03, 0x05, 0x01, 0x05, 0x03, 0x06, 0x01, 0x06,
0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12,
0x00, 0x00,
}
want := analyzer.PropMap{
"ciphers": []uint16{52392, 52393, 49199, 49200, 49195, 49196, 49171, 49161, 49172, 49162, 156, 157, 47, 53, 49170, 10},
"compression": []uint8{0},
"random": []uint8{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31},
"session": []uint8{},
"sni": "example.ulfheim.net",
"version": uint16(771),
}
// tlsExampleClientHello is taken from <https://tls12.xargs.org/#client-hello/annotated>.
var tlsExampleClientHello = []byte{
0x16, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa1, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00,
0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,
0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0xcc, 0xa8,
0xcc, 0xa9, 0xc0, 0x2f, 0xc0, 0x30, 0xc0, 0x2b, 0xc0, 0x2c, 0xc0, 0x13,
0xc0, 0x09, 0xc0, 0x14, 0xc0, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x00, 0x9d, 0x00, 0x2f,
0x00, 0x35, 0xc0, 0x12, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x65, 0x78, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70,
0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x68, 0x65, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x6e,
0x65, 0x74, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x0a, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00,
0x19, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x12, 0x00,
0x10, 0x04, 0x01, 0x04, 0x03, 0x05, 0x01, 0x05, 0x03, 0x06, 0x01, 0x06,
0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xff, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12,
0x00, 0x00,
}
var tlsExampleClientHelloProps = analyzer.PropMap{
"ciphers": []uint16{52392, 52393, 49199, 49200, 49195, 49196, 49171, 49161, 49172, 49162, 156, 157, 47, 53, 49170, 10},
"compression": []uint8{0},
"random": []uint8{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31},
"session": []uint8{},
"sni": "example.ulfheim.net",
"version": uint16(771),
}
func TestTlsStreamParsing_ClientHello(t *testing.T) {
s := newTLSStream(nil)
u, _ := s.Feed(false, false, false, 0, clientHello)
got := u.M.Get("req")
if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Errorf("%d B parsed = %v, want %v", len(clientHello), got, want)
u, _ := s.Feed(false, false, false, 0, tlsExampleClientHello)
if got := u.M.Get("req"); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tlsExampleClientHelloProps) {
t.Errorf("parsed = %v, want %v", got, tlsExampleClientHelloProps)
}
if got := u.M.Get("req_records"); got != 1 {
t.Errorf("req_records = %v, want 1", got)
}
}
@@ -67,3 +70,119 @@ func TestTlsStreamParsing_ServerHello(t *testing.T) {
t.Errorf("%d B parsed = %v, want %v", len(serverHello), got, want)
}
}
// tlsFragment re-encodes the handshake message in a single-record hello as
// records carrying at most size bytes of it each.
func tlsFragment(hello []byte, size int) []byte {
var out []byte
for msg := hello[5:]; len(msg) > 0; {
n := min(size, len(msg))
out = append(out, hello[0], hello[1], hello[2], byte(n>>8), byte(n))
out = append(out, msg[:n]...)
msg = msg[n:]
}
return out
}
// feedTLS feeds each segment in turn and returns the properties as the engine
// would have merged them, along with whether the stream said it was done.
func feedTLS(s *tlsStream, rev bool, segs ...[]byte) (analyzer.PropMap, bool) {
props := analyzer.PropMap{}
done := false
for _, seg := range segs {
var u *analyzer.PropUpdate
u, done = s.Feed(rev, false, false, 0, seg)
if u != nil {
for k, v := range u.M {
props[k] = v
}
}
}
return props, done
}
// Splitting the ClientHello across records must not hide it: the parse result
// has to be the same wherever the record boundaries fall.
func TestTlsClientHelloRecordFragmentation(t *testing.T) {
msgLen := len(tlsExampleClientHello) - 5
for _, size := range []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 50, msgLen - 1} {
data := tlsFragment(tlsExampleClientHello, size)
wantRecords := (msgLen + size - 1) / size
for name, segs := range map[string][][]byte{
"one segment": {data},
"byte by byte": splitEvery(data, 1),
"7 byte segs": splitEvery(data, 7),
} {
props, _ := feedTLS(newTLSStream(nil), false, segs...)
if got := props.Get("req"); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tlsExampleClientHelloProps) {
t.Errorf("size %d, %s: parsed = %v, want %v", size, name, got, tlsExampleClientHelloProps)
}
if got := props.Get("req_records"); got != wantRecords {
t.Errorf("size %d, %s: req_records = %v, want %d", size, name, got, wantRecords)
}
}
}
}
// Fragmentation is published before the hello is complete, so that a rule can
// act on it even if the hello never completes.
func TestTlsClientHelloFragmentationReportedEarly(t *testing.T) {
data := tlsFragment(tlsExampleClientHello, 1)
s := newTLSStream(nil)
props, done := feedTLS(s, false, data[:12])
if done {
t.Fatal("stream done after two records")
}
if props.Get("req") != nil {
t.Errorf("req published early: %v", props.Get("req"))
}
if got := props.Get("req_records"); got != 2 {
t.Errorf("req_records = %v, want 2", got)
}
// Further records are not published one by one...
if u, _ := s.Feed(false, false, false, 0, data[12:60]); u != nil {
t.Errorf("unexpected update %v", u.M)
}
// ...but the count reached is, if the stream gets cut off.
u := s.Close(true)
if u == nil {
t.Fatal("no update on close")
}
if got := u.M.Get("req_records"); got != 10 {
t.Errorf("req_records on close = %v, want 10", got)
}
}
func TestTlsClientHelloRejectsInterleavedRecords(t *testing.T) {
data := tlsFragment(tlsExampleClientHello, 50)
// Turn the second record into an alert.
data[5+50] = 0x15
props, done := feedTLS(newTLSStream(nil), false, data)
if !done {
t.Error("stream not done")
}
if props.Get("req") != nil {
t.Errorf("req = %v, want nil", props.Get("req"))
}
}
func TestTlsStreamIgnoresUnfragmentedPartialHelloOnClose(t *testing.T) {
s := newTLSStream(nil)
if props, _ := feedTLS(s, false, tlsExampleClientHello[:100]); len(props) != 0 {
t.Errorf("props = %v, want none", props)
}
if u := s.Close(true); u != nil {
t.Errorf("close update = %v, want nil", u.M)
}
}
func splitEvery(data []byte, n int) [][]byte {
var segs [][]byte
for len(data) > 0 {
k := min(n, len(data))
segs = append(segs, data[:k])
data = data[k:]
}
return segs
}